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EP0089861A1 - Verfahren zum Verstärken von Gewölben oder ähnlichen Konstruktionen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Verstärken von Gewölben oder ähnlichen Konstruktionen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0089861A1
EP0089861A1 EP83400387A EP83400387A EP0089861A1 EP 0089861 A1 EP0089861 A1 EP 0089861A1 EP 83400387 A EP83400387 A EP 83400387A EP 83400387 A EP83400387 A EP 83400387A EP 0089861 A1 EP0089861 A1 EP 0089861A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
arch
vault
grout
formwork
filling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP83400387A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0089861B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Louis Fernand Thibonnet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Campenon Bernard SA
Original Assignee
Campenon Bernard SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Campenon Bernard SA filed Critical Campenon Bernard SA
Priority to AT83400387T priority Critical patent/ATE39514T1/de
Publication of EP0089861A1 publication Critical patent/EP0089861A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0089861B1 publication Critical patent/EP0089861B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D22/00—Methods or apparatus for repairing or strengthening existing bridges ; Methods or apparatus for dismantling bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G23/0233—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements of vaulted or arched building elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for reinforcing at least one arch, arch, arch or similar construction.
  • the method according to the present invention is of the type indicated initially, and it is characterized in that it consists essentially in prefabricating a relatively thin vault, for example of reinforced concrete, of profile adapted to that of the arch to be reinforced, to the place it under the lower surface of the arch, keeping it there temporarily or permanently, then inserting, between the upper surface of the vault and the lower surface of the arch, an appropriate filling, temporary or permanent, suitable to transmit efforts from the arch to the arch.
  • a relatively thin vault for example of reinforced concrete, of profile adapted to that of the arch to be reinforced
  • the reinforcement method according to the present invention offers the following advantages: it only requires the prefabrication of a reinforced concrete vault, then its installation, which are relatively inexpensive operations; it does not require any direct intervention on the structure to be reinforced, such as for example the fixing of metal frames; the comfort vault may not be detrimental to the aesthetics of the work or construction, provided that it is substantially the same color, which for example does not require any special provision when the work itself is made of reinforced concrete.
  • the vault and its support means require no maintenance and they can be put in place in a few hours, which considerably reduces the time required to interrupt the service of the structure, for example the interruption of circulation on or in below the bridge; due to its short duration, the implementation place of the vault can take place for example in a period of low use of the structure, for example at night.
  • the filling inserted between the vault and the arch is adapted to allow relative movements of the vault and the arch.
  • This absence of solidarity between the arch and the vault offers the following advantages: it allows temporary reinforcement of the arch, the vault used for this purpose being able to be recovered without difficulty when the reinforcement is no longer necessary, and said arch can then be reused for other comforting operations; on the other hand, the absence of solidarity allows relative movements of the arch and the vault; they can be small tangential movements of various origins, for example due to differences in thermal expansion or to overloads; but it can also be radial movements, the vault being in particular more or less close to the fixed arch, for example by means of jacks placed at the foot of the vault, to allow the vault to collect a fraction more or less significant of the total load of the arch.
  • the filling inserted between the vault and the arch can be formed, according to the present invention, at least in part by solidifying injection grout and / or at least in part by a material laminated in the radial direction; this laminated material preferably comprises a layer of epoxy resin, adhering to the arch or to the arch, as well as one or more smooth films of a flexible synthetic material, for example one or more thin sheets of polyethylene, optionally separated from each other, and from the layer of resin, by layers of lubricant, or a more or less viscous substance.
  • the reinforcement method according to the present invention is applicable for example to the demolition and / or reconstruction of at least one arch, an arcade, an arch or a similar construction; in this application, the vault placed under the lower surface of the arch serves as protective decking during the demolition of the arch and / or formwork or support during its reconstruction.
  • the present invention also relates to a formwork for the prefabrication of reinforced concrete vaults, in particular for the implementation of the previously indicated comforting process.
  • Figure 1 schematically illustrates the reinforcement of a bridge arch by the method according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a view, in end and in partial section, of part of a formwork for the prefabrication of a vault in reinforced concrete, intended for the implementation of the reinforcement method according to the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows on a larger scale the detail III of Figure 2.
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view, with partial cutaway, of the reinforced concrete vault of Figure 2, its upper surface being covered by a laminated material, surmounted by a layer of injection grout.
  • Figure 5 is a section along the line VV of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating different methods of positioning the vault in reinforced concrete below an arch to be reinforced.
  • Figure 7 is a partial view showing, at the end, the reinforced concrete vault in the position of reinforcement of the arch.
  • FIG. 8 is a partial view along arrow VIII of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 shows on a larger scale the detail IX of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the reinforcement of an arch 1, for example of one of the arches of a masonry or reinforced concrete bridge, by the method according to the present invention: this reinforcement is provided by a vault 2, relatively thin, reinforced concrete in the embodiment considered; this arch 2 has a profile adapted to that of the arch to be reinforced, 1, under the lower surface of which it is placed and held by means of which two different embodiments have been illustrated respectively to the right and to the left of the arch 1; on the right, the foot of the arch 2 rests, for example by means of jacks or wedges, which will be described later in detail, on a die, 3, made of concrete or steel, fixed, by any means, to the corresponding pile of the arch 1, at an appropriate height above its foundation 4.
  • the die 3a is not fixed to the corresponding pile of the arch 1, but rests on its foundation 4a, or a special foundation, by means of a support of appropriate height, 3b, in which, moreover, the die 3a can be integrated, in particular if the die 3a and its support 3b are formed by a single piece of reinforced concrete.
  • the height of the die 3 or of the support 3b above the foundation 4 or 4a is chosen so that there remains, between the lower surface of the arch 1 and the upper surface of the arch 2, an annular interval 5, whose radial width is very small compared to the diameter of the arch. It is in this in tervalle that an appropriate filling, an embodiment of which will be described later, will be inserted so as to eliminate any void between the arch 1 and the arch 2, and thus allowing the transmission of radial forces from the first to the second .
  • the first phase of the implementation of the reinforcement method according to the present invention is therefore the prefabrication of a profile vault adapted to that of the arch to be reinforced; in the case of a reinforced concrete vault, this prefabrication can be carried out for example using the adjustable formwork which is illustrated diagrammatically in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • This formwork comprises a base frame 6, which rests on the ground by means of adjustable height members 7, for example jacks, sand boxes, wedges, keys or the like.
  • the formwork further includes parallel and transverse sets of sand pits; the end view of FIG. 2 shows some of the sand pits, 8a to 8e, of the first transverse assembly closest to the illustrated end of the formwork, which comprises other similar assemblies, situated in transverse planes, parallel to that of Figure 2.
  • the sand pits of each transverse assembly are hinged one after the other, as visible, in the detail view of Figure 3, for the sand pits 8c and 8d, the ends of which are joined by means of a yoke 9.
  • Each transverse set of sand pits is supported at its articulations such as 9, by radial props, such as 10, and vertical props, such as 11, of which at least some are of adjustable length, and which all bear on the base frame 6; horizontal struts 12, which may also be of adjustable length, may also be provided to join together the struts 10 and 11. All the struts of adjustable length are constituted for example by screw jacks.
  • the detail view of FIG. 3 further shows that the neighboring sand pits, for example 8c and 8d, are articulated by ball joints 13, which rest on the bottom, 10a, of the fork of the screw jack, constituting the adjustable end of the corresponding radial forestay 10.
  • the sand pits which can be made of wood or metal, on the other hand support pieces of wood, or pieces, such as 14a to 14e (FIG. 2), each having a flat face, applied on the corresponding sand pit, and an opposite face, curved appropriately.
  • longitudinal joists such as 15, themselves supporting a formwork skin, made of wood, metal, plastic, etc., designated by 16.
  • an external formwork which can be limited so as to cover only the parts of said internal formwork, the most inclined on the horizontal, as visible on the right-hand side of FIG. 2.
  • the external formwork element which is shown there also comprises a formwork skin 17, longitudinal joists 18, and transverse elements 19.
  • a laminated material is applied to the upper surface of said vault, an embodiment of which will be described with the aid of FIGS. 4 and 5
  • the upper surface of the prefabricated vault is prepared by cleaning it by brushing and / or sanding, then applying directly to the upper surface, for example by spraying with a spray gun, or by coating with a brush, epoxy resin layer, 22, having a very low surface friction coefficient, and an average thickness of the order of 0.30 mm; to constitute this layer, one can use for example the material UTAREP. 105 from UETTWILLER Laboratories.
  • a very thin layer 23 is then deposited, for example of a mineral, vegetable or synthetic grease, or of an equivalent substance, more or less viscous.
  • a polyethylene sheet 24 is finally deposited, having for example a thickness of 0.45 mm; this sheet may for example be POLYANE BTP from POLYANE ISOCHANTIER. It is essential that this polyethylene sheet is waterproof in the radial direction for the injection grout which will be mentioned later, and this on any surface of the upper surface of the vault 2; consequently, in the case of a large vault, this sheet may be formed by several juxtaposed, whose edges are welded or glued together so as to provide impermeability for the injection grout.
  • a second layer of grease, 25, for example identical to the layer 23 previously described, is deposited over the polyethylene sheet 24.
  • the laminated material which has just been described could have several polyethylene sheets such as 24, separated by an appropriate number of grease layers such as 23 and 25. These are also optional.
  • Figures 7 and 8 show on a larger scale the method of fixing a die 3, of the type shown on the right of Figure 1.
  • the die, 3 is fixed to the corresponding pile of the arch 1 by prestressing bars 27, each having one end passing through or sealed in the corresponding pile of the arch 1, while its other end passes through a hole in the die 3 and has a thread on the unobstructed face thereof, onto which a nut such as 28 can be screwed, possibly with the interposition of a clamping plate (not shown).
  • the prestressing bars 27 could also be replaced by prestressing cables.
  • the opposite faces of the die, 3, and the corresponding foot, 2a, of the arch 2 are reinforced by steel plates 29 and 30, intended to ensure a good distribution of forces.
  • Each plate such as 29 can in particular facilitate the rolling or sliding of the prefabricated vault 2 on track 26 (FIG. 6).
  • the dice such as 3 are fixed to the arch 1 in positions such that there remains, between the steel plates 29 and 30, an interval in which are arranged vertical action cylinders, 31, the role of which will be explained later; the number and arrangement of said jacks along each of the dice such that 3 are chosen to ensure the stability of the arch 2.
  • a narrow annular interval, 5 then remains between the lower surface of the arch 1 and upper surface of the roof 2, covered by the laminated material; during manufacture, pipes, generally metallic, such as 32, were embedded for example in the feet 2a of the vault 2, so as to open into the annular interval 5.
  • the radial width of the latter is then adjusted to a predetermined value by the action of the cylinders 31 and then the caulking of the ends of the annular gap 5 is carried out, on the front faces of the arch 1 and of the cup 2, which are located respectively in the same plans; this caulking can be achieved by any suitable means, for example by means of planks and / or cement mortar.
  • the injection pressure has a value chosen so that, after solidification of the grout, the vault 2 optionally collects at least part of the load of the arch 1.
  • the layer of solidified grout (which has been designated by 33 in Figures 4 and 5) fills all the inequalities of the lower surface of the arch to be reinforced and ensures its continuity tee with the upper surface of the roof 2, or at least with the outermost layer, 25, of the laminated material, which covers it.
  • the vault 2 is clamped against the arch 1 by the action of the jacks 31, bearing on the dice 3, so as to ensure good transmission of the loads from the arch 1 to the vault 2, via filling consisting of the superimposition of the laminated material 22 to 25 and the layer 33 of solidified grout.
  • the loads, generally variable over time, which are applied to the arch 1, reinforced by the arch 2, can however produce a certain reduction in the clamping pressure of the arch against the arch.
  • This clamping pressure can be restored to its initial value by actuating the jacks 31 and / or by reinjecting, under a determined pressure, solidifiable grout, via the pipes 32.
  • shims such as 34, made of concrete, wood or steel.
  • the possible restoration of the clamping pressure requires either the replacement of the jacks 31, or the reinjection of solidifiable grout.
  • the method of reinforcing a bridge arch offers the important advantage of allowing the possible elimination of the reinforcement, in the case in particular where the feet, such as 2a, of the arch 2 rest on cylinders, such as 31; after removal of the shims such as 34, it suffices to reduce the height of the jacks 31 so that the arch descends lightly below the arch 1; the separation is generally carried out at the level of the grease layer 25 (FIGS. 4 and 5), the solidifiable grout layer remaining adherent to the lower surface of the arch 1, while the laminated material, or at least its layers 22 to 24, follow the downward movement of the roof 2; the latter can obviously be reused to reinforce another arch of the same dimensions, thanks to the repetition of the positioning operations described above.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments previously described. It encompasses all their variants.
  • the reinforcement method according to the present invention is particularly advantageous when it is necessary to demolish and / or reconstruct at least one arch of a structure such as a bridge; in this case, in fact, the vault placed under the lower surface of the arch can serve as protective decking during the demolition of the arch, which avoids any interruption in service, in particular of circulation below the arch during the demolition operation.
  • the prefabricated vault can serve as formwork, or even as a support, in particular for a formwork.
  • the method according to the present invention is applicable to reinforce vaults of any shape, such as for example domes or similar constructions.
  • the filling inserted between the upper surface of the prefabricated vault and the lower surface of the arch to be reinforced can be carried out in such a way that the laminated material (22 to 25 in Figures 4 and 5) is applied to the lower surface of the arch to be reinforced, while the grout is injected between this laminated material and the upper surface of the prefabricated vault.
  • the prefabricated vault can be made lighter by interior voids; to reinforce an arch of great depth, we can use be several prefabricated vaults, juxtaposed one after the other.
  • FIG. 9 shows that the sealing of the injection space, 5, of the solidifiable grout can be notably improved by providing layers of an appropriate adhesive, on the one hand (layer 35), between the collar 32a of each grout injection pipe, 32, and the polyethylene sheet 24, and, on the other hand (layer 36), between each lower edge, 24a, of said sheet 24, and the corresponding foot of the arch 2 or the edge of the steel plate 29.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
EP83400387A 1982-03-22 1983-02-25 Verfahren zum Verstärken von Gewölben oder ähnlichen Konstruktionen Expired EP0089861B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83400387T ATE39514T1 (de) 1982-03-22 1983-02-25 Verfahren zum verstaerken von gewoelben oder aehnlichen konstruktionen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8204825A FR2523627A1 (fr) 1982-03-22 1982-03-22 Procede pour conforter des arches ou des constructions analogues
FR8204825 1982-03-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0089861A1 true EP0089861A1 (de) 1983-09-28
EP0089861B1 EP0089861B1 (de) 1988-12-28

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EP83400387A Expired EP0089861B1 (de) 1982-03-22 1983-02-25 Verfahren zum Verstärken von Gewölben oder ähnlichen Konstruktionen

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EP (1) EP0089861B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE39514T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3378773D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2523627A1 (de)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0567659A1 (de) * 1992-04-21 1993-11-03 Hamco Dinslaken Bausysteme GmbH Brückenverstärkung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
FR2751013A1 (fr) * 1996-07-15 1998-01-16 Beton Projets Du Midi B P M Procede de realisation d'ouvrages en beton arme de forme curviligne (voutes, ponts...) permettant d'eviter l'utilisation de coffrages lourds et importants
RU2471943C2 (ru) * 2011-04-11 2013-01-10 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" КазГАСУ Способ усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания
CN103758048A (zh) * 2014-01-23 2014-04-30 岩土科技股份有限公司 采用钢波纹板加固危桥的方法
CZ305270B6 (cs) * 2014-03-27 2015-07-08 Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Konstrukce statického zajištění obloukové klenby pomocí prostorově uspořádané předpínací výztuže
CN106088646A (zh) * 2016-05-21 2016-11-09 叶长青 旧建筑物的加固结构
CZ306367B6 (cs) * 2015-03-16 2016-12-21 efl Josef Ĺ Způsob obnovy deformované klenby do původního tvaru
RU169130U1 (ru) * 2016-05-04 2017-03-06 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" Устройство усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания
RU169131U1 (ru) * 2016-05-04 2017-03-06 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КГАСУ) Устройство усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания
RU171760U1 (ru) * 2016-09-19 2017-06-15 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "ВОЕННАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ имени генерала армии А.В. Хрулева" Блочный лежневый фундамент промежуточной опоры временного грунтозасыпного моста
RU171928U1 (ru) * 2017-01-19 2017-06-21 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" КГАСУ Устройство усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания
RU2640612C2 (ru) * 2016-05-04 2018-01-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" КГАСУ Способ усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания
CN109281257A (zh) * 2018-11-02 2019-01-29 董小瑞 一种钢筋混凝土拱桥与桥面板的加固装置
CN112342942A (zh) * 2020-12-02 2021-02-09 山东交通学院 一种桥梁梁底加固装置
CN112411743A (zh) * 2020-11-26 2021-02-26 湖南鸿阳钢结构有限公司 一种新型装配式管桁架结构

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RU2689009C1 (ru) * 2018-07-02 2019-05-23 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "НПП СК МОСТ" Способ реконструкции пролетного строения моста с металлической двухконсольной аркой
CN113605260B (zh) * 2021-08-24 2022-10-18 云南航天工程物探检测股份有限公司 一种采用钢纤维自应力混凝土加固石拱桥的方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE555819C (de) * 1931-07-01 1932-07-28 Otto Knoer Verfahren zum Herstellen von Abdichtungsschichten bei der Verstaerkung von alten Gewoelben
FR1557434A (de) * 1967-03-22 1969-02-14
FR2126661A5 (de) * 1970-12-28 1972-10-06 Commercial Shearing Stam
FR2126369A1 (de) * 1971-02-27 1972-10-06 Hoesch Ag
FR2336543A1 (fr) * 1975-12-22 1977-07-22 Tekken Constr Co Procede et appareil pour le percement hydraulique de tunnels

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE555819C (de) * 1931-07-01 1932-07-28 Otto Knoer Verfahren zum Herstellen von Abdichtungsschichten bei der Verstaerkung von alten Gewoelben
FR1557434A (de) * 1967-03-22 1969-02-14
FR2126661A5 (de) * 1970-12-28 1972-10-06 Commercial Shearing Stam
FR2126369A1 (de) * 1971-02-27 1972-10-06 Hoesch Ag
FR2336543A1 (fr) * 1975-12-22 1977-07-22 Tekken Constr Co Procede et appareil pour le percement hydraulique de tunnels

Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0567659A1 (de) * 1992-04-21 1993-11-03 Hamco Dinslaken Bausysteme GmbH Brückenverstärkung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung
FR2751013A1 (fr) * 1996-07-15 1998-01-16 Beton Projets Du Midi B P M Procede de realisation d'ouvrages en beton arme de forme curviligne (voutes, ponts...) permettant d'eviter l'utilisation de coffrages lourds et importants
RU2471943C2 (ru) * 2011-04-11 2013-01-10 Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" КазГАСУ Способ усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания
CN103758048A (zh) * 2014-01-23 2014-04-30 岩土科技股份有限公司 采用钢波纹板加固危桥的方法
CN103758048B (zh) * 2014-01-23 2016-05-04 岩土科技股份有限公司 采用钢波纹板加固危桥的方法
CZ305270B6 (cs) * 2014-03-27 2015-07-08 Vysoké Učení Technické V Brně Konstrukce statického zajištění obloukové klenby pomocí prostorově uspořádané předpínací výztuže
CZ306367B6 (cs) * 2015-03-16 2016-12-21 efl Josef Ĺ Způsob obnovy deformované klenby do původního tvaru
RU2640612C2 (ru) * 2016-05-04 2018-01-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" КГАСУ Способ усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания
RU169130U1 (ru) * 2016-05-04 2017-03-06 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" Устройство усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания
RU169131U1 (ru) * 2016-05-04 2017-03-06 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Казанский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет" (КГАСУ) Устройство усиления каменных сводчатых перекрытий здания
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ATE39514T1 (de) 1989-01-15
FR2523627A1 (fr) 1983-09-23
EP0089861B1 (de) 1988-12-28
FR2523627B1 (de) 1984-05-25
DE3378773D1 (en) 1989-02-02

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