CN1180465C - 集成电路用电容元件的制造方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明揭示一种集成电路用电容元件的其制造方法。该方法包括:在基片上形成钛膜的粘接层,在该粘接层表面形成氧化钛和扩散阻挡层,以及在该扩散阻挡层上依次形成下电极、强介质膜和上电极等工序。
Description
本申请是发明名称为集成电路用电容元件及其制造方法、申请日为1995年11月30日、申请号为95119333.3的母案的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及使用介质膜的集成电路用电容元件及其制造方法。
背景技术
近几年,开发出将使用具有强介质膜那样的高介电常数的介质膜的电容元件用于随机存取存储器(RAM)的技术。在这种电容元件中,一般将钛酸锆酸铅(PZT)和钛酸钡锶(BST)等金属氧化物介质材料用于介质膜。在上电极和下电极中,使用与这种金属氧化物难于发生氧化反应的白金。又在下电极和硅基片之间,形成为使两者粘接性良好而由钛膜组成的粘接层和为防止粘接层与下电极反应而由氮化钛膜组成的扩散阻挡层。
使用强介质膜的电容元件,通常按以下所述的制造方法制作。
首先,在硅基片的表面已形成的绝缘层上,借助分别使用钛靶、氮化钛靶和白金钛靶的溅射法,依次形成钛膜、氮化钛膜和成为下电极的白金膜。
接着,利用溅射法或者溶胶-凝胶法,在白金膜上形成强介质膜,进而在该膜上利用溅射法形成成为上电极的白金膜。而且,在施行用于提高强介质膜的介电常数的热处理后,由蚀刻除掉前述各膜的不要部分并做成所定形状的电容元件。
在这样制造的电容元件中,当强介质膜热处理时在基片和白金膜间常常发生剥离和裂缝。这被认为是因为钛膜和氮化钛膜用不同工序形成、两膜没有连续地形成,两膜间的粘接强度必然不充分所致。
作为与上述不同的电容元件,知道的有在下电极和基片间形成二氧化钛膜来代替形成钛膜和氮化钛膜的电容元件。此二氧化钛膜起着粘接层和扩散阻挡层的作用。这种制造方法是首先在基片上依次形成钛膜、成为下电极的白金膜、强介质膜和成为上电极的白金膜,接着在氧气中由热处理将钛膜整体变换成二氧化钛膜。这种情况,基片和二氧化钛膜间的粘接强度也必然不充分。
发明内容
本发明的一种集成电路用电容元件的制造方法,它包括:在基片上形成钛或钽金属膜粘接层的工序;在所述钛或钽金属膜粘接层上形成由所述金属膜粘接层的金属和非金属元素的化合物组成的化合物膜扩散阻挡层的工序,该工序包括利用在所述非金属元素的气体中用灯照射所述钛或钽金属膜粘接层的表面,将所述钛或钽金属膜粘接层的表面区域变换成所述化合物的过程;在所述化合物膜扩散阻挡层上形成下电极用贵金属膜的工序;在所述下电极用贵金属膜上形成由金属氧化物组成的介质膜的工序;在所述介质膜上形成上电极用导电性金属膜的工序;有选择地蚀刻所述上电极用导电性金属膜和介质膜的工序;有选择地蚀刻所述下电极用贵金属膜的工序和有选择地蚀刻所述化合物膜扩散阻挡层和所述钛或钽金属膜粘接层的工序。
如上所述的电容元件的制造方法,所述气体由氧气、氮气、以及它们的混合气体中选择一种气体组成。
附图说明
图1是装载本发明电容元件的半导体装置的剖面图。
图2、图3、图4、图5、图6、图7和图8是表示这种电容元件制造工序的剖面图。
具体实施方式
下面,参照附图对本发明的实施例进行说明。
实施例1
关于本发明的第一实施例,参照图1-图8进行说明。
如图1所示,在半导体基片1的规定区域分别用已有的集成电路形成技术,形成元件分离用绝缘膜2和此元件分离用绝缘膜2所围区域内由区域3以及控制电极4组成的MOS晶体管5。再形成层间绝缘膜6,覆盖上述各部分。在该层间绝缘膜6上形成由钛膜组成的粘接层7和由二氧化钛膜组成的扩散阻挡层8。在该扩散阻挡层8上,积层形成白金膜的下电极9、PZT的介质膜10、白金膜的上电极11。
进而,形成覆盖MOS晶体管5和用下电极9、介质膜10和上电极11构成的电容元件的保护膜12。在这种保护膜12和层间绝缘膜6上设置通过扩散区域3的接触孔13a,在保护膜12上设置通达下电极9和上电极11的接触孔13b。然后,采用已有的布线技术,形成经过接触孔13a和13b连接扩散区域3的铝布线14和连接下电极9和上电极11的铝布线15。为了防止白金和铝的反应并使连接部分的可靠性提高,又在铝布线15和白金电极9、11之间介入通常的氮化钛膜或者钛钨膜等反应防止膜(未图示)。
接着,对粘接层7、扩散阻挡层8和电容元件的制作方法进行说明。
首先,如图2所示,根据使用钛靶的溅射法,在层间绝缘膜6上沉积50nm厚的钛膜7a,并且如图3所示,使用离子注入装置,将氧离子注入钛膜7a的表面,然后在氩气的惰性气体环境中用650℃温度进行热处理。由此,将钛膜7a的表面变换成二氧化钛膜8a。这里,利用将钛膜7a的表面区域变换成二氧化钛膜8a,二氧化钛膜8a的厚度比钛膜7a表面区域的厚度增加约两倍。因此,考虑到这种膜厚的增加,对加速电压和离子注入量等项离子注入条件进行控制,使二氧化钛膜8a的厚度变成60nm。又,热处理后的钛膜7a厚度在15-25nm范围、二氧化钛膜8a厚度在50-70nm范围是令人满意的。此外,热处理温度在500-700℃范围是令人满意的。
接着,如图4-图6所示,分别在二氧化钛膜8a上沉积白金膜9a、在白金膜9a上沉积PZT膜10a和在PZT膜10a上沉积白金膜11a。又,白金膜9a、11a借助使用白金靶的溅射法沉积,PZT膜10a借助使用PZT靶的溅射法沉积。
接着,如图7所示,利用光致蚀刻技术和干式蚀刻技术,有选择地对白金膜11a和PZT膜10a进行蚀刻,形成所定形状尺寸的上电极11和介质膜10。进而,如图8所示,利用光致蚀刻技术和干式蚀刻技术,有选择地对白金膜9a、二氧化钛膜8a和钛膜7a进行蚀刻,形成白金膜的下电极9、二氧化钛膜的扩散阻挡层8和钛膜的粘接层7。
这样利用离子注入法制作扩散阻挡层8的场合,粘接层7和扩散阻挡层8间的粘接强度极大,可以认为两者间几乎没有剥离。此外,因为能任意地控制离子注入深度和注入量,所以能高精度地控制二氧化钛膜8a的厚度。
在前述第一实施例中,虽然在白金膜9a的沉积工序前进行氧离子的注入工序,但也可以在白金膜9a的沉积工序后进行离子注入工序。也就是说在这种制造方法中,钛膜7a沉积完,接着进行白金膜9a的沉积,然后进行氧离子通过白金膜9a进入钛膜7a的离子注入。而且,在惰性气体中进行热处理,使钛膜7a和白金膜9a之间形成二氧化钛膜8a。这种制造方法也有能抑制与前述相同的剥离发生的效果。再者,因为钛膜7a和白金膜9a在同一溅射室内连续沉积,所以具有能清洁地保持离子注入前的钛膜7a和白金膜9a界面的效果。
这种利用离子注入法的扩散阻挡层8的制作技术,也能用于注入氧离子以外的非金属元素离子形成钛化合物的扩散阻挡层的场合。例如,作为令人满意的扩散阻挡层8,能举出注入氮离子形成氮化钛膜的场合和注入氮离子和氧离子形成氮化氧化钛膜的场合。这些场合也几乎看不到在粘接层7和扩散障碍层8间产生剥离。但,氮化钛膜容易从强介质性金属氧化物取入氧气使强介质膜中发生氧气缺陷。为此,有电容元件的漏电流增加的倾向。这种增加,在二氧化钛、氮化钛和氮化氧化钛三者中,氮化钛最大,二氧化钛最小。因此,作为强介质电容元件的扩散阻挡层,最令人满意的是二氧化钛。
在前述实施例中,虽然给出用钛膜和钛化合物的例作为粘接层7和扩散阻挡层8的组合例,但也可以用钽膜、钨膜和钼膜等高熔点钛或钽作为粘接层7,用高熔点金属化合物膜作为扩散阻挡层8。特别在钽膜和钽化合物膜组合的场合,能得到与钛膜和钛化合物组合场合相同的效果。钽膜和钽化合物膜的组合,也是令人满意的粘接层和扩散阻挡层的组合之一。作为扩散阻挡层8,钽化合物中最令人满意的是钽氧化物膜。
又,作为成为粘接层7的钛或钽形成方法,除前述溅射法外,也可以用蒸发源采用这种金属的蒸镀法和CVD法等。
实施例2
接着,对第二实施例进行下述说明。该第二实施例形成钛膜7a和二氧化钛膜8a的工序与第一实施例不同。
首先,借助使用钛靶的溅射法,在层间绝缘膜6上沉积钛膜7a,并且在继续这种溅射的同时,在钛膜7a的厚度达到20nm的时刻将适量的氧气导入溅射室内并继续进行溅射。这时,钛与氧气进行反应在钛膜7a上沉积二氧化钛膜8a。这样在钛膜7a上形成厚度60nm的二氧化钛膜8a。
接着,与第一实施例相同,分别在二氧化钛膜8a上沉积白金膜9a、在白金膜9a上沉积PZT膜10a和在PZT膜10a上沉积白金膜11a,由蚀刻做成所定形状尺寸的电容元件。
在这种制造方法中,因为在同一室内连续地制作钛膜7a和二氧化钛膜8a,所以也能增大两者间的粘接强度并抑制剥离的发生。
又,关于氧气的导入,当使氧气的导入量与溅射经过的时间同时增加时,沉积的钛氧化膜具有随着膜厚变厚,氧气含有量增加的成分渐变结构。把这种成分渐变的钛氧化膜用到扩散障阻挡8上,因为在钛膜和钛氧化膜间伴随热膨胀的应力变小,所以发生剥离和裂缝的程度成为相当小。
在第二实施例中,虽然给出用氧气的例,但也能用其它非金属气体代替氧气。氮气和氮与氧的混合气体尤其是令人满意的例子。此外,溅射靶中除钛以外,也可以用钽、钨、钼等高熔点金属的靶。特别是钽膜,它与钛膜一样,作为粘接层7也是最令人满意的钛或钽之一。
实施例3
接着,对第三实施例进行说明。该第三实施例形成二氧化钛膜8a的工序与第一实施例不同。
首先,根据使用钛靶的溅射法,在层间绝缘膜6上沉积50nm厚度的钛膜7a。然后,在该溅射装置的室内导入适量氧气的同时,点亮室内组装的碘钨灯,加热钛膜7a的表面。由此,钛膜7a表面区域与氧气反应,形成60nm厚度的二氧化钛膜8a。
接着,与第一实施例相同,分别在二氧化钛膜8a上沉积白金膜9a、在白金膜9a上沉积PZT膜10a和在PZT膜10a上沉积白金膜11a,由蚀刻做成所定形状尺寸的电容元件。
在这种制造方法中,也能增大钛膜7a和二氧化钛膜8a的粘接强度并抑制剥离的发生。但是,这种灯加热的方法在二氧化钛膜8a的膜厚控制性方面比第一实施例所示的离子注入法要差,然而因为灯加热的方法制造设备便宜,所以在费用方面比离子注入法要好。
在第三实施例中,虽然给出用氧气的例,但也能用其它非金属离子代替氧气。氮气和氮和氧的混合气体尤其是令人满意的例子。此外,溅射靶中除钛以外,也可以用钽、钨、钼等高熔点金属的靶。特别是钽膜,它与钛膜一样,作为粘接层7也是最令人满意的钛或钽之一。
本发明不限于前述实施例,当然能是种种变形的技术例。例如在前述实施例中,虽然电容元件的介质膜使用了PZT,但也能使用BST、PLZT、Bi2SrTa209、Bi2SrNb209等具有强介质性或者高介电常数的金属氧化物。此外,也可以使用氧化钽等介质性金属氧化物。作为这种介质膜的制作方法,虽然使用了溅射法,但也能使用溶胶-凝胶法和CVD法。虽然在电容元件的电极使用了白金,但也能使用金、钯、铑等贵金属和铝等导电性金属。此外,具有粘接层和扩散阻挡层的前述电容元件的形成位置,不仅可在半导体基片上形成的绝缘膜上,也可以在由铝合金集成电路的布线材料和阻挡层材料中使用的多晶硅、铝合金、钨、钨硅化物、氮化钛等材料组成的层上。
Claims (2)
1.一种集成电路用电容元件的制造方法,其特征在于,它包括:在基片上形成钛或钽金属膜粘接层的工序;在所述钛或钽金属膜粘接层上形成由所述金属膜粘接层的金属和非金属元素的化合物组成的化合物膜扩散阻挡层的工序,该工序包括利用在所述非金属元素的气体中用灯照射所述钛或钽金属膜粘接层的表面,将所述钛或钽金属膜粘接层的表面区域变换成所述化合物的过程;在所述化合物膜扩散阻挡层上形成下电极用贵金属膜的工序;在所述下电极用贵金属膜上形成由金属氧化物组成的介质膜的工序;在所述介质膜上形成上电极用导电性金属膜的工序;有选择地蚀刻所述上电极用导电性金属膜和介质膜的工序;有选择地蚀刻所述下电极用贵金属膜的工序和有选择地蚀刻所述化合物膜扩散阻挡层和所述钛或钽金属膜粘接层的工序。
2.如权利要求1所述的电容元件的制造方法,其特征在于,所述气体由氧气、氮气、以及它们的混合气体中选择一种气体组成。
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JP94327818 | 1994-12-28 | ||
JP06327818A JP3098923B2 (ja) | 1994-12-28 | 1994-12-28 | 半導体装置およびその製造方法 |
JP94-327818 | 1994-12-28 | ||
JP7194578A JPH0945877A (ja) | 1995-07-31 | 1995-07-31 | 容量素子の製造方法 |
JP95-194578 | 1995-07-31 | ||
JP95194578 | 1995-07-31 |
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EP (3) | EP0720213B1 (zh) |
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US6214660B1 (en) | 2001-04-10 |
EP0720213A2 (en) | 1996-07-03 |
DE69527160T2 (de) | 2002-11-28 |
EP0720213A3 (en) | 1997-05-07 |
DE69525827D1 (de) | 2002-04-18 |
US5929475A (en) | 1999-07-27 |
EP0971393A1 (en) | 2000-01-12 |
DE69525827T2 (de) | 2002-11-14 |
KR960026878A (ko) | 1996-07-22 |
EP0971392B1 (en) | 2003-06-11 |
DE69527160D1 (de) | 2002-07-25 |
CN1129354A (zh) | 1996-08-21 |
EP0971392A1 (en) | 2000-01-12 |
CN1345088A (zh) | 2002-04-17 |
DE69531070D1 (de) | 2003-07-17 |
CN1075243C (zh) | 2001-11-21 |
EP0720213B1 (en) | 2002-03-13 |
EP0971393B1 (en) | 2002-06-19 |
DE69531070T2 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
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