- Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou street, Kallithea, Athens 17671, Greece
- Professor Emeritus at the Department of Geography, Harokopio University. Former Director of the Institute of Urban an... moreProfessor Emeritus at the Department of Geography, Harokopio University. Former Director of the Institute of Urban and Rural Sociology of the National Centre for Social Research (EKKE) (2001-13) and Professor at the Department of Planning, University of Thessaly (1995-2009). Served as General Secretary for Research & Technology (2015-2016). His work is related to the changing social structures in metropolitan areas in the era of capitalist globalisation with a focus on issues of segregation and gentrification related to housing and welfare regimes. His research and published work refer mainly to the South European urban context and especially to Athens.edit
It is common knowledge that urban neighborhoods have diverse and unequal social profiles, and this makes a difference for the life prospects of their residents. We know much less about social separation and hierarchies within... more
It is common knowledge that urban neighborhoods have diverse and unequal social profiles, and this makes a difference for the life prospects of their residents. We know much less about social separation and hierarchies within neighborhoods (micro-segregation), that is, in the micro scale of city blocks and apartment buildings. Vertical segregation is a form of micro- segregation embodied by positions of advantage or disadvantage according to the floor of residence. Is vertical segregation exceptional or can we locate it in many different cities? Does it make a difference for the life prospects
of urbanites if they live in the advantaged or disadvantaged parts of such micro-segregated spaces?
of urbanites if they live in the advantaged or disadvantaged parts of such micro-segregated spaces?
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Roma groups in Greece are a long-standing socially deprived population that faces extreme social exclusion and segregation. Their marginalization includes limited access to education, employ- ment, and housing. This paper explores their... more
Roma groups in Greece are a long-standing socially deprived population that faces extreme social exclusion and segregation. Their marginalization includes limited access to education, employ- ment, and housing. This paper explores their spatial position and social exclusion, comparing the social profile and life conditions in two case studies of Roma settlements with those of the municipal and regional units to which they belong. Methodologically, we analyze quantitative data from the 2011 Population Census to measure life conditions at three levels (settlement, municipal unit, regional unit), and we also use qualitative data from interviews with representatives of local agencies and residents of the two settlements to document our hypotheses on the causal relations between the spatial position and the social exclusion of Roma groups. The comparison shows that the two Roma settlements are clearly different from their entourage, assembling the lowest positions in the labor market, the weakest performances in education, the largest households, and the worst housing conditions. This case of extreme social exclusion in ghettoized spatial proximity raises the question about the significance of micro-segregation and the way it works in different contexts, as well as the need for further research for a more comprehensive understanding of the relation between social inequality and spatial distance.
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Contemporary urban societies are experiencing growing income inequality and rising socio-spatial differentiation. The implication of space in the reproduction of inequality has been extensively discussed in the literature; however, the... more
Contemporary urban societies are experiencing growing income inequality and rising socio-spatial differentiation. The implication of space in the reproduction of inequality has been extensively discussed in the literature; however, the social consequences of spatial hierarchies at the microscale are largely neglected. Among these hierarchies, the unequal distribution of socio-economic groups by floors in apartment buildings (i.e. vertical segregation) is probably the major form of micro-segregation. In this study, the patterns of vertical segregation in Athens and Budapest were investigated using microdata from the 2011 Greek and Hungarian censuses. The research findings reveal that the level of vertical segregation varies according to the diversity of quality within segments of the housing stock in both cities, with older buildings being more vertically segregated. Moreover, the study demonstrates that despite differences in the broader socio-economic and political framework and ho...
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This paper presents a geographical analysis to evaluate urban quality of life in Athens, Greece, and investigate spatial heterogeneity and potential clustering. The urban environment was examined using composite criteria related to... more
This paper presents a geographical analysis to evaluate urban quality of life in Athens, Greece, and investigate spatial heterogeneity and potential clustering. The urban environment was examined using composite criteria related to natural, built and socioeconomic environment, housing conditions, public services and infrastructures, and cultural and recreational facilities. Each criterion constructed from a set of mappable sub-criteria/variables. Weighted cartographic overlay was implemented to assess the overall urban quality of life of each spatial unit, based on the importance the residents of the area attributed to each criterion. High levels of quality of life were revealed in the eastern neighborhoods of the municipality, whereas low levels were noticed mainly in the western neighborhoods. The results of the study were validated using the perceived quality of life of the study area’s residents, resulting in substantial agreement. Finally, after spatial autocorrelation analysis, significant clustering of urban quality of life in Athens was revealed. The quality-of-life assessment and mapping at a local scale are efficient tools, contributing to better decision making and policy making.
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This article estimates the effect of vertical segregation - across floors of apartment buildings - on educational attainment in the metropolitan area of Athens. This context offers an opportunity to evaluate and discuss the... more
This article estimates the effect of vertical segregation - across floors of apartment buildings - on educational attainment in the metropolitan area of Athens. This context offers an opportunity to evaluate and discuss the complementarity between horizontal segregation (across neighbourhoods) and vertical seg-regation. Using census microdata, we observe that the share of individuals dropping out of school early is much higher for young residents of disadvantageous lower-floor apartments than for those living in upper floors. This gap remains significant after controlling for all relevant personal, household, and neighbour-hood characteristics. This result suggests an effect of vertical segregation on educational outcomes in addition to neighbour-hood effects and individuals' socio-economic status. Moreover, the findings of this article corroborate the claim that the target for public policies to increase social mix is not enough to address inequalities at the local level.
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This paper presents the spatial distribution of multiple deprivation in Athens, and links these spatial patterns to the city’s urban development trajectory and the way housing is accessed. Multiple deprivation was measured as the combined... more
This paper presents the spatial distribution of multiple deprivation in Athens, and links these spatial patterns to the city’s urban development trajectory and the way housing is accessed. Multiple deprivation was measured as the combined concentration of disadvantageous employment situation, access to education and housing conditions. A principal components analysis was utilized for 20 variables from the three said domains. Two components were identified as statistically significant. The analysis covered approximately 3000 urban spatial analysis units (URANU), using data from the population censuses of 1991, 2001 and 2011. The findings unveil that from 1991 to 2011, multiple deprivation in the urban periphery as well as in city center areas worsened. Conditions in many (but not all) working-class areas in the west of Athens, as well as in middle class suburbs in the east, improved or did not get worse. If compared to the urban development trajectory of the city, this distribution means that the historical East–West socio-economic division is getting less pronounced, whereas an important center–periphery dynamic is emerging. The filtering and sorting process of the housing market could explain those trends. It appears that the most affected populations are those outside the Greek family-centered and homeownership-based model of access to housing.
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This article investigates social and spatial changes in the Athens metropolitan area between 1991 and 2011. The main question is whether social polarisation—and the contraction of intermediate occupational categories—unevenly developed... more
This article investigates social and spatial changes in the Athens metropolitan area between 1991 and 2011. The main question is whether social polarisation—and the contraction of intermediate occupational categories—unevenly developed across the city is related to the changing of segregation patterns during the examined period. We established that the working-class moved towards the middle and the middle-class moved towards the top, but the relative position of both parts did not change in the overall socio-spatial hierarchy. The broad types of socio-spatial change in Athens (driven by professionalisation, proletarianisation or polarisation) were eventually related to different spatial imprints in the city’s social geography. Broad trends identified in other cities, like the centralisation of higher occupations and the peripheralisation of poverty, were not at all present here. In Athens, changes between 1991 and 2011 can be summarised by (1) the relative stability and upward socia...
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In this paper we briefly address two issues related to the living conditions of youth in Greece and the way these conditions have changed during the 2010s. The first is about the educational trajectories of young Greeks which are lead-... more
In this paper we briefly address two issues related to the living conditions of youth in Greece and the way these conditions have changed during the 2010s. The first is about the educational trajectories of young Greeks which are lead- ing to less promising prospects in the labour market and become increasingly unequal and socially selective during the crisis. The second issue is the political response of young Greeks to the crisis. There is evidence that they have been actively mobilized against austerity measures and, at the same time, they have increased their participation in the political system, both in confrontational and institutional politics. Inequalities are increasing and social mobility prospects for the young people are deteriorating. Their political response, however, is an outcome depending on many other factors with the politics of parties attractive to youngsters’ aspirations during the crisis being among the most important.
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The purpose of this study is to assess and visualize the Quality of Life provided by urban space as a place of residence. The proposed methodology, after its theoretical documentation, is implemented in Athens Metropolitan Area, Greece.... more
The purpose of this study is to assess and visualize the Quality of Life provided by urban space as a place of residence. The proposed methodology, after its theoretical documentation, is implemented in Athens Metropolitan Area, Greece. For the evaluation of Urban Quality of Life, a complex index is constructed by using multicriteria analysis. For this purpose, Quality of Life controlling factors such as built space, natural, socioeconomic, and cultural environment, infrastructure and services, and the quality of housing were analyzed within a GIS environment. The mapping of this index led to the identification of areas with different levels of Quality of Life. The results of the research can lead to more effective decision making regarding the planning of targeted actions and the distribution of financial resources to improve the Quality of Life of the residents in urban areas.
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In this paper ‘‘diversity’’ is scrutinized under four different angles. The first is to place it in a genealogy of scientific and political concepts which describe and assess urban societies, stressing that this concept denotes a further... more
In this paper ‘‘diversity’’ is scrutinized under four different angles. The first is to place it in a genealogy of scientific and political concepts which describe and assess urban societies, stressing that this concept denotes a further step away from egalitarian discourses and policies. The second is an examination of the relationship between diversity and inequality, inspired by François Dubet’s (2010) elaboration on the relation between unequal class positions and unequal opportunities. The third discusses the relation between diversity and spatial mobility and, particularly, the
constrained mobility of labour legitimated based on individuals’ essentialised otherness. The fourth and last angle, is a comment on the relationship between diversity and democracy, pinpointing that the rise of diversity in political discourse has been increasingly concomitant with the limitation of democracy in terms of effective political alternatives as well as in terms of the limited political rights for many of those who constitute this diversity. Overall, the paper stresses the ambivalent relation of policies and discourses promoting diversity with the egalitarian project when the rights of diverse groups are founded on fixed identities and essentialized differences.
constrained mobility of labour legitimated based on individuals’ essentialised otherness. The fourth and last angle, is a comment on the relationship between diversity and democracy, pinpointing that the rise of diversity in political discourse has been increasingly concomitant with the limitation of democracy in terms of effective political alternatives as well as in terms of the limited political rights for many of those who constitute this diversity. Overall, the paper stresses the ambivalent relation of policies and discourses promoting diversity with the egalitarian project when the rights of diverse groups are founded on fixed identities and essentialized differences.
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Housing in Southern Europe developed in different ways from the advanced industrial countries. In Greece, lower income groups in the early post-war period accessed affordable housing either through self-promotion or the ‘land-for-flats’... more
Housing in Southern Europe developed in different ways from the advanced industrial countries. In Greece, lower income groups in the early post-war period accessed affordable housing either through self-promotion or the ‘land-for-flats’ system. These alternative ways of accessing housing declined in the late 1980s and the 1990s and were followed by the rapid growth of housing credit and the increase in prices. The sovereign debt crisis in the early 2010s led to a standstill in the real estate market due to the lack of demand. Problems of access to affordable housing re-emerged when the crisis retreated, and tourism boosted new demand for housing. The pandemic again stopped this process by radically reducing tourist flows. The question now is whether there will be an opportunity after the pandemic to make the protection of housing for vulnerable groups a priority on the political agenda.
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The way housing affordability evolved since WW2 in Greece-and in its capital city in particular-is an example of how the South European welfare system managed, for several decades, to provide socially inclusive housing solutions without... more
The way housing affordability evolved since WW2 in Greece-and in its capital city in particular-is an example of how the South European welfare system managed, for several decades, to provide socially inclusive housing solutions without developing the services of a sizeable welfare state until global forces and related policies brought it to an end. The increased role of the market in housing provision since the 1980s, the rapid growth of mortgage lending in the 1990s, the neoliberal policy recipes imposed during the crisis of the 2010s and the unleashed demand for housing in the aftermath of the crisis have led to increased housing inequalities and converged the outcome of this South European path with the outcome of undoing socially inclusive housing solutions provided by the welfare state in other contexts. The article follows long-standing and recent developments concerning the housing model in Greece and especially in the city of Athens, focusing on mechanisms that have allowed access to affordable housing for broad parts of the population during different historical periods, and examines the extent to which the current housing model remains inclusive or not. The aim here is to discuss the most important challenges concerning access to decent housing and highlight the need for inclusive housing policies to be introduced into the current social and political agenda.
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This paper explores the effects of the Airbnb short-term rentals in Athens, against the background of the continuing socio-economic crisis and the substantial rise of urban tourism. The Airbnb practice emerges as a major transformative... more
This paper explores the effects of the Airbnb short-term rentals in Athens, against the background of the continuing socio-economic crisis and the substantial rise of urban tourism. The Airbnb practice emerges as a major transformative force of urban space, economy and society, which can be neither utterly condemned nor fully celebrated. The effects of the Airbnb phenomenon are found to be both positive and negative, including – on the one hand – the partial upgrading and reuse of the existing building stock or the reactivation of the local economy and – on the other hand – processes of residential segrega- tion, gentrification and touristification.
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Dans ce texte, nous revenons sur les liens entre les Examens Panhélléniques et la hiérarchie des disciplines et des différents établissements d’enseignement supérieur en Grèce. Ce concours est, en effet, au coeur des inégalités devant les... more
Dans ce texte, nous revenons sur les liens entre les Examens Panhélléniques et la hiérarchie des disciplines et des différents établissements d’enseignement supérieur en Grèce. Ce concours est, en effet, au coeur des inégalités devant les diplômes du supérieur. Une fois identifiée la place centrale de cette institution dans le système d’enseignement supérieur grec, nous montrerons qu’il alimente également l’intensification des stratégies scolaires et renforce paradoxalement le rôle
de l’enseignement secondaire privé. Enfin, nous esquisserons en conclusion un premier diagnostic sur les politiques de l’enseignement supérieur amorcées depuis l’entrée de la Grèce dans les politiques d’ajustements structurels.
de l’enseignement secondaire privé. Enfin, nous esquisserons en conclusion un premier diagnostic sur les politiques de l’enseignement supérieur amorcées depuis l’entrée de la Grèce dans les politiques d’ajustements structurels.
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Bien que l'on ne doive pas surestimer l'impact de méga-événements comme les Jeux olympiques (JO), ceux-ci peuvent correspondre à des moments décisifs dans l'histoire politico-économique d'une ville ou d'un pays. Ils offrent en effet à la... more
Bien que l'on ne doive pas surestimer l'impact de méga-événements comme les Jeux olympiques (JO), ceux-ci peuvent correspondre à des moments décisifs dans l'histoire politico-économique d'une ville ou d'un pays. Ils offrent en effet à la fois une opportunité pratique et un cadre de légitimation pour mobiliser des capitaux importants et transformer le système de gouvernance urbain. Les Jeux d'Athènes de 2004 en constituent un bel exemple, même si l'une des spécificités du cas grec est que la crise économique de la fin des années 2000 a, peu de temps après la fin des Jeux, bouleversé l'évolution des processus mis en route. Ces Jeux d'Athènes revêtaient une dimension symbolique forte, dans la mesure où ils marquaient le « retour » des Jeux « chez eux », initialement programmé pour 1996, l'année du centenaire des Jeux olympiques modernes 1. Dans le même temps, les JO 2004 donnaient une forte visibilité internationale à la Grèce, alors en plein développement économique, et qui avait confiance en elle et en sa capacité à converger avec les pays d'Europe occidentale. Revenir sur l'expérience de ces Jeux olympiques d'Athènes a pour objet de montrer leur impact sur le système de gouvernance de la capitale grecque au tournant des années 2000 : ils ont en effet contribué à renforcer le rôle du gouvernement central et des diverses agences institutionnelles dans les affaires locales, tandis que le gouvernement local était en partie marginalisé (Beriatos et Gospodini 2004 ; Gold 2010 ; Souliotis et al. 2014).
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This paper assesses segregation patterns and trends in Athens during the 2000s. Does the city become more or less segregated and how do global forces and contextual factors affect the observed tendencies? The study focuses on the uneven... more
This paper assesses segregation patterns and trends in Athens during the 2000s. Does the city become more or less segregated and how do global forces and contextual factors affect the observed tendencies? The study focuses on the uneven spatial distribution of occupational categories and the way it developed between 2001 and 2011. The dominant trend is desegregation. However, there are specific types of residential space – new middle-class suburbs and declining central neighbourhoods – where segregation is increasing. Segregation seems to be the combined effect of
global forces and contextual factors that do not always push in the same direction.
global forces and contextual factors that do not always push in the same direction.
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The percentage of vacant houses in Southern Europe is relatively high due to several reasons. In the metropolitan region of Athens their number increased during the 2000s and their distribution pattern has changed significantly. Their... more
The percentage of vacant houses in Southern Europe is relatively high due to several reasons. In the metropolitan region of Athens their number increased during the 2000s and their distribution pattern has changed significantly. Their highest increase was observed in central densely built and socially vulnerable neighborhoods.
The paper takes into account the spatial distribution of vacant housing in Athens and outlines a project that uses them as the main resource to address housing needs for an increasing number of groups who cannot afford market rents, including the considerable number of refugees living in Athens. This project seeks sustainability within conditions of recession and lack of social rented housing tradition, by aiming at combining welfare and local development targets abd by seeking mutually beneficial arrangements for the social actors involved (tenants and petty landlords) and a planned division of labor among institutions (local authorities, international funders and NGOs)
The paper takes into account the spatial distribution of vacant housing in Athens and outlines a project that uses them as the main resource to address housing needs for an increasing number of groups who cannot afford market rents, including the considerable number of refugees living in Athens. This project seeks sustainability within conditions of recession and lack of social rented housing tradition, by aiming at combining welfare and local development targets abd by seeking mutually beneficial arrangements for the social actors involved (tenants and petty landlords) and a planned division of labor among institutions (local authorities, international funders and NGOs)
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The paper explores the relation of educational performance with social and urban inequalities in the Athens Metropolitan Area during the 2000s. It draws on discussions about education as a mechanism of social reproduction and on work... more
The paper explores the relation of educational performance with social and urban inequalities in the Athens Metropolitan Area during the 2000s. It draws on discussions about education as a mechanism of social reproduction and on work about education inequalities in Greece, and in particular in Athens, where a socially stratified secondary education –compared to the rest of the country– leads to a rather open, but at the same time socially unequal higher education. We analyze how the performance of candidates in the Greek national admissions examination (Panelladikes Exetaseis) relates to the social position of candidates’ families, to the type of secondary schools they attended, to the social profile of candidates’ residential neighborhoods (tentatively) and to their demographic features (age and sex). The object is to illustrate and roughly quantify the function of social reproduction in this socially selective process of transition to higher education.
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This paper investigates the relationship among length of educational training, social origin and residential segregation in Athens using a large sample of 130,000 young individuals 15 to 27 years old, as recorded in the 2011 census.... more
This paper investigates the relationship among length of educational training, social origin and residential segregation in Athens using a large sample of 130,000 young individuals 15 to 27 years old, as recorded in the 2011 census. Hypotheses based on high binary correlations between the
length of training and a number of variables indicating social origin and the social status of residential areas were tested with a generalised linear mixed model to determine the significance of the influence of these variables on the length of educational training. A separate analysis was conducted for each age group, roughly corresponding to education levels – upper secondary (15–18 years old), undergraduate (19–22 years) and postgraduate (23–27 years). It was assumed that at each level the range and the shape of the socially and spatially unequal access to education would be significantly different. A scenario regarding the city’s important vertical segregation was also explored. It was assumed that living on different floors in the vertically segregated apartment buildings of the city’s densely built central neighbourhoods might be significantly related to the
length of educational training, even after controlling for social class/status.
length of training and a number of variables indicating social origin and the social status of residential areas were tested with a generalised linear mixed model to determine the significance of the influence of these variables on the length of educational training. A separate analysis was conducted for each age group, roughly corresponding to education levels – upper secondary (15–18 years old), undergraduate (19–22 years) and postgraduate (23–27 years). It was assumed that at each level the range and the shape of the socially and spatially unequal access to education would be significantly different. A scenario regarding the city’s important vertical segregation was also explored. It was assumed that living on different floors in the vertically segregated apartment buildings of the city’s densely built central neighbourhoods might be significantly related to the
length of educational training, even after controlling for social class/status.
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Some concepts travel worldwide although they remain unobtrusively attached to the contexts in which they were produced and, therefore, are insufficiently abstract and general. Gentrification is a travelling concept with lingering... more
Some concepts travel worldwide although they remain unobtrusively attached to the contexts in which they were produced and, therefore, are insufficiently abstract and general. Gentrification is a travelling concept with lingering attachments to the Anglo-American urban context. Three issues related to gentrification’s global reach are discussed in this paper. The first is the definition of gentrification. The simple definition adopted by the current gentrification research agenda leads us to accept gentrification’s global reach literally by definition. The second issue is the question of contextual boundaries. Boundaries which are too broad and ill-defined – such as the metropolis of the Global North versus the metropolis of the Global South –conceal what contextual difference may be about. The third issue is the reification of cultural differences, which may lead to them being used to explain attitudes towards gentrification, even though such attitudes could be explained by more prosaic socioeconomic motives compatible with Western rationalism. This paper concludes that the metamorphoses of gentrification through its different waves in the Anglophone world do not provide the script for understanding other cities’ urban histories and making sense of their urban restructuring processes. These cities must realize that new processes emerging under increasingly neoliberal policy orientations are regressive compared with previous arrangements, especially when they tend to exclude political alternatives. The Anglo-American world may have been a pioneering laboratory for the application of gentrification policies, but other parts of the world have shown more effective resistance that can be an asset in future struggles and sociopolitical arrangements and make a difference in people’s lives.
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This paper is about vertical segregation in Athens and the ways it has evolved up to the early 2010s. Vertical segregation refers to social stratification by floor of residence in the typical apartment building that dominates the city’s... more
This paper is about vertical segregation in Athens and the ways it has evolved up to the early 2010s. Vertical segregation refers to social stratification by floor of residence in the typical apartment building that dominates the city’s housing stock. Unlike its Parisian precedent, vertical segregation in Athens was developed much more recently (third quarter of the 20th Century), its social hierarchy is in the opposite direction (wealthier households occupy the higher rather than the lower floors) and its importance is not marginal, since it affects more than a fifth of the metropolitan population.
Mapping vertical segregation is a challenge since the different groups –social or ethnic– are located the one on top of the other. Ordinary segregation mapping depicts the areas of vertical segregation as mixed areas, but provides no indication on whether they are simply mixed or their population is also vertically stratified according to class or ethnicity. The paper introduces a mapping technique to overcome this difficulty.
Mapping vertical segregation is a challenge since the different groups –social or ethnic– are located the one on top of the other. Ordinary segregation mapping depicts the areas of vertical segregation as mixed areas, but provides no indication on whether they are simply mixed or their population is also vertically stratified according to class or ethnicity. The paper introduces a mapping technique to overcome this difficulty.
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Based on quantitative data depicting two different, but equally crucial transitions within the educational career of pupils in Athens/Greece1 and Dortmund/Germany,2 the paper focuses on the main social selection processes reproducing... more
Based on quantitative data depicting two different, but equally crucial transitions within the educational career of pupils in Athens/Greece1 and Dortmund/Germany,2 the paper focuses on the main social selection processes reproducing educational inequalities in each city. It draws on discussions on education as a mechanism of social reproduction, on parental strategies as well
as on local research regarding educational inequalities. Though the different educational strategies of middle-class parents in Athens and Dortmund can be related to differences between the two cities in terms of school systems and policies as well as of segregation levels and housing market conditions, they seem to follow a similar logic, with their objective being to create further
advantage for their children.
as on local research regarding educational inequalities. Though the different educational strategies of middle-class parents in Athens and Dortmund can be related to differences between the two cities in terms of school systems and policies as well as of segregation levels and housing market conditions, they seem to follow a similar logic, with their objective being to create further
advantage for their children.
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Following a brief introduction to the impact of globalization and economic restructuring on urban social structures, the paper depicts the for-mation of the socio-spatial structure of Athens in recent decades, the problems accumulated by... more
Following a brief introduction to the impact of globalization and economic restructuring on urban social structures, the paper depicts the for-mation of the socio-spatial structure of Athens in recent decades, the problems accumulated by the traditional regulation of urban sociospatial issues, and concludes with a discussion of the impact of the Greek sovereign debt crisis on these issues. The discussion focuses on the rather weak social polarization and segregation resulting from global forces until the mid 2000s, and on the sub-sequent change of socioeconomic and demographic conditions forming a new social and political environment in which the socially dividing impact of the current crisis is potentially becoming deep.
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With this paper we examine the 2004 Olympic Games as an ambivalent catalyst for the implementation of neoliberal urban policies in Athens. We draw upon two distinct analytical streams: first, regulationist scholars’ conception of... more
With this paper we examine the 2004 Olympic Games as an ambivalent catalyst for the implementation of neoliberal urban policies in Athens. We draw upon two distinct analytical streams: first, regulationist scholars’ conception of neoliberalization as a path- dependent and, to a large extent, state-led process, and, second, Skocpol’s ‘autonomy state’ approach. We argue that the implementation of neoliberal urban policies in Athens has been shaped by a combination of centralism, low central state capacity, organisational and financial weakness of business elites, and citizen movements’ opposition. We first provide an overview of Athenian urban policies since the 1960s; then we examine the preparation of the 2004 Olympic Games; and, finally, we investigate the post-Olympic use of Olympic venues, including the period of the current sovereign debt crisis. In the conclusion we emphasize that the bailout agreement between Greece and the International Monetary Fund, the European Central Bank, and the European Union aims at reboosting
neoliberal public policies in a radical way.
neoliberal public policies in a radical way.
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"The paper deals with socio-demographic change and spatial transformation in Athens during the post war period and, in particular, since the early 1990s. It focuses on the interaction of two parallel processes –the precipitated ageing of... more
"The paper deals with socio-demographic change and spatial transformation in Athens during the post war period and, in particular, since the early 1990s. It focuses on the interaction of two parallel processes –the precipitated ageing of the native Greek population and the rapid increase of the city’s immigrant population– in terms of residential patterns that enable contact between the two groups, and of the poorly developed local welfare state, within which immigrants have been acting as a substitute for the underdeveloped services for the elderly.
The paper draws attention to recent changes in immigrants’ profiles and especially to the decreasing inflow –and more recently the outflow– from neighbouring Balkan countries and the parallel increase of asylum seeking migrants and refugees from war zones in the broader Middle-East, Afghanistan and the Indian peninsula. These changes have led to a potentially less beneficial co-existence between ageing and immigration for both sides in a period where public funds for social policies as well as private funds for substitute solutions become scarce.
"
The paper draws attention to recent changes in immigrants’ profiles and especially to the decreasing inflow –and more recently the outflow– from neighbouring Balkan countries and the parallel increase of asylum seeking migrants and refugees from war zones in the broader Middle-East, Afghanistan and the Indian peninsula. These changes have led to a potentially less beneficial co-existence between ageing and immigration for both sides in a period where public funds for social policies as well as private funds for substitute solutions become scarce.
"
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This paper draws attention to the socio-spatial diversity of immigrant groups in Athens by investigating their changing hierarchical position in both society and space. The varying demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the... more
This paper draws attention to the socio-spatial diversity of immigrant groups in Athens by investigating their changing hierarchical position in both society and space. The varying demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the immigrant population generate hierarchies of immigrant groups, which are reflected in intricate ways in the residential distribution of immigrants in the metropolitan area. Diversity seems to be interconnected with hierarchically unequal social positions, and these positions are in turn interconnected with the transformation of the spatial hierarchy in the Greek capital. This hierarchical diversity is expressed by a spatial typology of immigrants’ locations in Athens. The paper ultimately explores how this typology tends to alter the urban social ecology (in terms of socio-ethnic composition of distinct spatial clusters) and the urban structural dynamics (in terms of interactions between different ethnic and social groups) in an increasingly unequal city.
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The focus of this paper is on the changing political perception of housing deprivation and neighbourhood decay in Europe, and particularly on recent changes in the new landscape produced by the sovereign debt crisis in Southern Europe. I... more
The focus of this paper is on the changing political perception of
housing deprivation and neighbourhood decay in Europe, and particularly on recent changes in the new landscape produced by the sovereign debt crisis in Southern Europe. I mainly elaborate on the ways in which urban deprivation is mystified, as egalitarian discourses disappear and liberal positions become so hegemonic as to appear common sense to increasingly larger audiences.
housing deprivation and neighbourhood decay in Europe, and particularly on recent changes in the new landscape produced by the sovereign debt crisis in Southern Europe. I mainly elaborate on the ways in which urban deprivation is mystified, as egalitarian discourses disappear and liberal positions become so hegemonic as to appear common sense to increasingly larger audiences.
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"This paper focuses on the contextual factors that shape the dynamics and the patterns of segregation in Athens. Migration and changes in the ethnic composition of the working class have not produced more segregation and widespread... more
"This paper focuses on the contextual factors that shape the dynamics and the patterns of segregation in Athens. Migration and changes in the ethnic composition of the working class have not produced more segregation and widespread marginality,
because employment opportunities and affordable housing were available in socially mixed areas. Attention, is drawn, however, to the dynamics of social polarization, the concentration of housing inequality and deprivation which have been reshaping the social map of the city since the 1990s. The suburbanization of higher social categories has been enhancing isolation of wealthy enclaves in the
east and in parts of the centre. The indigenous working class population on the western periphery has become socially and spatially entrapped. At the same time a deprived and ethnically diverse population, has been concentrating in central, north-western and south-western districts."
because employment opportunities and affordable housing were available in socially mixed areas. Attention, is drawn, however, to the dynamics of social polarization, the concentration of housing inequality and deprivation which have been reshaping the social map of the city since the 1990s. The suburbanization of higher social categories has been enhancing isolation of wealthy enclaves in the
east and in parts of the centre. The indigenous working class population on the western periphery has become socially and spatially entrapped. At the same time a deprived and ethnically diverse population, has been concentrating in central, north-western and south-western districts."
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Μετά από μια σύντομη σκιαγράφηση των επιπτώσεων της παγκοσμιοποίησης στις κοινωνικές δομές των πόλεων, το κείμενο αυτό αναφέρεται στις ειδικότερες επιπτώσεις που υφίστανται ή διαφαίνονται στην Αθήνα ως αποτέλεσμα της κρίσης του δημοσίου... more
Μετά από μια σύντομη σκιαγράφηση των επιπτώσεων της παγκοσμιοποίησης στις κοινωνικές δομές των πόλεων, το κείμενο αυτό αναφέρεται στις ειδικότερες επιπτώσεις που υφίστανται ή διαφαίνονται στην Αθήνα ως αποτέλεσμα της κρίσης του δημοσίου ελλείμματος. Η συζήτηση επικεντρώνεται στις σχετικώς περιορισμένες κοινωνικά διαχωριστικές επιπτώσεις της παγκοσμιοποίησης στην κοινωνία της πόλης, τουλάχιστον μέχρι τα μέσα της προηγούμενης δεκαετίας, καθώς και στις νέες οικονομικές, κοινωνικές και δημογραφικές εξελίξεις οι οποίες συνθέτουν το νέο πλαίσιο μέσα στο οποίο οι κοινωνικά διαιρετικές επιπτώσεις της κρίσης προοιωνίζονται ιδιαίτερα αρνητικές.
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Cet article esquisse pour la ville d’Athènes de l’après guerre le passage progressif d’une période de grande mobilité sociale à une période d’insécurité accrue des classes moyennes concernant leur mobilité inter-générationnelle ainsi que... more
Cet article esquisse pour la ville d’Athènes de l’après guerre le passage progressif d’une période de grande mobilité sociale à une période d’insécurité accrue des classes moyennes concernant leur mobilité inter-générationnelle ainsi que de freinage de la mobilité de la classe ouvrière. Ces deux ères de mobilité différenciée correspondent à des formes et de processus changeants de ségrégation. La mobilité sociale décroissante semble induire la levée progressive des obstacles traditionnels au développement de la ségrégation sans mobiliser parallèlement les forces sociales qui chercheraient à la contenir et, même, sans la placer sur l’agenda politique.
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AbstractThis comment on Urban Outcasts appreciates Wacquant's awareness of contextual difference and his effort to theorize advanced marginality. Two critical remarks are formulated regarding the use of the polarization thesis as the... more
AbstractThis comment on Urban Outcasts appreciates Wacquant's awareness of contextual difference and his effort to theorize advanced marginality. Two critical remarks are formulated regarding the use of the polarization thesis as the backdrop for analyzing advanced marginality (which, in my view, goes against the contextual sensitivity of the analysis), and the neglect of the neighbourhood effect literature, which is summarily discarded. The second half of the comment is devoted to a brief discussion of advanced marginality in South European cities and particularly in Athens. It is, therefore, a discussion that contextualizes some of the features that Wacquant proposes for advanced marginality in terms of their occurrence and meaning within a different path towards post-Fordism and a persistently residual welfare regime (that may bear some similarity with conditions in some other parts of the world, such as South America).This comment on Urban Outcasts appreciates Wacquant's awareness of contextual difference and his effort to theorize advanced marginality. Two critical remarks are formulated regarding the use of the polarization thesis as the backdrop for analyzing advanced marginality (which, in my view, goes against the contextual sensitivity of the analysis), and the neglect of the neighbourhood effect literature, which is summarily discarded. The second half of the comment is devoted to a brief discussion of advanced marginality in South European cities and particularly in Athens. It is, therefore, a discussion that contextualizes some of the features that Wacquant proposes for advanced marginality in terms of their occurrence and meaning within a different path towards post-Fordism and a persistently residual welfare regime (that may bear some similarity with conditions in some other parts of the world, such as South America).RésuméCe commentaire sur Urban Outcasts (Parias urbains) apprécie d'abord l'attention de Wacquant aux différences de contexte, ainsi que ses efforts pour conceptualiser la marginalité avancée. Les deux observations critiques qui sont formulées concernent le recours à la thèse de la polarisation comme toile de fond à une analyse de la marginalité avancée (ce qui va, selon moi, à l'encontre de la sensibilité contextuelle de cette analyse), et le désintérêt pour la littérature sur l'effet de proximité, sommairement écartée. Une seconde partie se consacre à une courte discussion sur la marginalité avancée dans les villes du Sud de l'Europe, notamment à Athènes. Cette discussion replace donc certaines caractéristiques de la marginalité avancée proposées par Wacquant en fonction de leur identification et de leur signification dans le cadre d'un cheminement différent vers le post-fordisme et d'une forme résiduelle persistante d'État-providence (pouvant rappeler des situations propres à d'autres parties du monde, telle l'Amérique du Sud).Ce commentaire sur Urban Outcasts (Parias urbains) apprécie d'abord l'attention de Wacquant aux différences de contexte, ainsi que ses efforts pour conceptualiser la marginalité avancée. Les deux observations critiques qui sont formulées concernent le recours à la thèse de la polarisation comme toile de fond à une analyse de la marginalité avancée (ce qui va, selon moi, à l'encontre de la sensibilité contextuelle de cette analyse), et le désintérêt pour la littérature sur l'effet de proximité, sommairement écartée. Une seconde partie se consacre à une courte discussion sur la marginalité avancée dans les villes du Sud de l'Europe, notamment à Athènes. Cette discussion replace donc certaines caractéristiques de la marginalité avancée proposées par Wacquant en fonction de leur identification et de leur signification dans le cadre d'un cheminement différent vers le post-fordisme et d'une forme résiduelle persistante d'État-providence (pouvant rappeler des situations propres à d'autres parties du monde, telle l'Amérique du Sud).
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This article investigates trends in segregation, polarization and inequality in Athens during the 1990s, and focuses on what may seem a paradoxical coexistence of decreasing segregation with increasing social polarization and inequality.... more
This article investigates trends in segregation, polarization and inequality in Athens during the 1990s, and focuses on what may seem a paradoxical coexistence of decreasing segregation with increasing social polarization and inequality. To explain this coexistence, the article examines the distinction between social polarization in specific contexts and the dominant assumptions about social polarization, which derive from the global city thesis, and the structure of the city's housing market, which prevented the substantial wave of immigration during the 1990s from intensifying segregation. Arguing for more context awareness, the article does not try to stress the specificity of the Athenian case, but, mainly, to reveal the context-dependent character of the dominant assumptions about segregation and social polarization and, therefore, to show their limitations.
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This paper uses census data to investigate educational inequality in different types of residential areas in Athens, focusing on dropout rates from secondary education, access to higher education and to particular degrees within it. The... more
This paper uses census data to investigate educational inequality in different types of residential areas in Athens, focusing on dropout rates from secondary education, access to higher education and to particular degrees within it. The unequal sociospatial distribution of educational attainment is linked to antagonistic middle class education strategies centred on school choice. Different forms of such strategies are identified broadly corresponding to different groups within the middle class hierarchy. Each form of school choice strategy has a particular relation to residential segregation. The latter is growing as a result, but under various forms and spatial scales that sometimes challenge the usual assumptions for the evaluation of neighbourhood effects.
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Segregation patterns and trends are traditionally considered to be changing through residential mobility, while scant attention is paid to the social mobility of long-term residents. This paper explores at first the origins of this... more
Segregation patterns and trends are traditionally considered to be changing through residential mobility, while scant attention is paid to the social mobility of long-term residents. This paper explores at first the origins of this unilateral attention and ultimately relates it to the context in which mobility, and residential mobility in particular, were conceptualised by the founders of Urban Sociology. The rest of the paper is an attempt to substantiate the context dependency of this relation through the examination of the social mobility of long-term residents and its impact on shaping local social profiles in Athens. The Athenian context, bearing important similarities with that of other large cities in Southern Europe and elsewhere, has been characterised both by comparatively reduced residential mobility and by increased social mobility in the process of rapid post-war urbanization and the massive conversion of rural masses to urban dwellers. The importance of the spatially endogenous social mobility is discussed in particular with respect to social structures and institutions—such as the family or the housing system—that have been systematically impeding residential mobility. The conclusion is that the social mobility of the long-term residents has a varying, context dependent, importance for the analysis of segregation patterns and tendencies which in many cases is unwittingly neglected.
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RESUMEN: El trabajo es una visión de conjunto de la auto-promoción en Atenas, que fue un medio de integra- ción de la población rural en la sociedad urbana, en rápida expansión, de principios del período de posguerra fa- cilitando... more
RESUMEN: El trabajo es una visión de conjunto de la auto-promoción en Atenas, que fue un medio de integra- ción de la población rural en la sociedad urbana, en rápida expansión, de principios del período de posguerra fa- cilitando vivienda barata en las condiciones de un estado de bienestar pobremente desarrollado. El desarrollo de la auto-promoción y auto-construcción están ligados a las características del contexto de la Europa Meridional, donde la urbanización no ha sido predominantemente liderada por el desarrollo industrial y la expansión del mer- cado de trabajo industrial, sino por la devastación de las áreas rurales que siguió a las guerras y crisis económi- cas. La vivienda en lugar del trabajo, jugó un papel más importante en tal contexto para la integración de la po- blación que llegó en masa a la sociedad de las grandes ciudades de crecimiento masivo. La importancia de la auto-promoción en los primeros años de la posguerra esta íntimamente relacionado con la reducción de la inter- vención estatal directa, en contraste con los importantes programas de vivienda pública que se ocuparon de la demanda de vivienda de la Europa Septentrional. La reducida intervención estatal dejó sitio a la iniciativa de la sociedad civil y principalmente de las familias, para abastecer las necesidades de vivienda en formas que com- binaban el acceso barato a la propiedad de la vivienda y el clientelismo en la producción de formas peculiares de cohesiónsocial.Laherenciadelaauto-promociónenAtenaspuedecompararse conladegrandesurbanizacio- nes de vivienda pública en otros países, ya que, tras resolver agudos problemas de vivienda a corto plazo, produjo grandes áreas de calidad urbana reducida y se convirtió en el locus de la degradación socio-espacial mientras los mecanismos del mercado adquirieron un papel crecientemente dominante en el reparto de la vivienda.
This paper focuses on difficulties in promoting social sustainability in Athens that are related both to a range of factors impeding the exacerbation and visibility of social inequality and to features of the Greek political culture, and... more
This paper focuses on difficulties in promoting social sustainability in Athens that are related both to a range of factors impeding the exacerbation and visibility of social inequality and to features of the Greek political culture, and namely of the traditional populism and clientalism, that also impede the development of action on a social concern basis. This focus follows a discussion of the content of sustainability as a political project and its context dependency, the latter being illustrated by the problems for its implementation in the Greek context.
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Vertical social differentiation is presented in the recent bibliography as an important element of reduced segregation in South European cities, and the supporting evidence originates mainly from Athens. The authors of this article... more
Vertical social differentiation is presented in the recent bibliography as an important element of reduced segregation in South European cities, and the supporting evidence originates mainly from Athens. The authors of this article question the claim about the common form and function of vertical social differentiation across South Europe as well as its opposition to community segregation and try to reveal the specificity of the processes leading to its formation in Athens.
Since the mid ‘70s the dominant process of urban growth in Athens has been middle-class suburbanization. This process has reinforced community segregation and has triggered, at the same time, a filtering-down process in wide areas around the CBD, formerly occupied by upper and mostly by intermediate professional categories. Interclass vertical segregation has appeared thereafter in these areas, where intermediate professional categories and lower middle class households are now predominant. The fact that these areas do not represent a real choice for any of their resident groups, shows that this vertical cohabitation has been the unintended consequence of changing segregation patterns, and hardly the outcome or the corollary of a growing process of socio-spatial homogenization.
Since the mid ‘70s the dominant process of urban growth in Athens has been middle-class suburbanization. This process has reinforced community segregation and has triggered, at the same time, a filtering-down process in wide areas around the CBD, formerly occupied by upper and mostly by intermediate professional categories. Interclass vertical segregation has appeared thereafter in these areas, where intermediate professional categories and lower middle class households are now predominant. The fact that these areas do not represent a real choice for any of their resident groups, shows that this vertical cohabitation has been the unintended consequence of changing segregation patterns, and hardly the outcome or the corollary of a growing process of socio-spatial homogenization.
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Αντικείμενο της μελέτης αποτελεί, κατ’ αρχάς, η διερευνητική χρήση δύο κλασικών δεικτών διαχωρισμού για τη συγκριτική προσέγγιση τον κοινωνικού διαχωρισμού στις έξι μεγαλύτερες ελληνικές πόλεις. Στη συνέχεια, επιχειρείται η προσέγγιση του... more
Αντικείμενο της μελέτης αποτελεί, κατ’ αρχάς, η διερευνητική χρήση δύο κλασικών δεικτών διαχωρισμού για τη συγκριτική προσέγγιση τον κοινωνικού διαχωρισμού στις έξι μεγαλύτερες ελληνικές πόλεις. Στη συνέχεια, επιχειρείται η προσέγγιση του ίδιου φαινομένου, με τα ίδια εργαλεία, στο εσωτερικό του αστικού χώρον και συγκεκριμένα στην ευρύτερη περιοχή του ΠΣ Πρωτευούσης. Με τη βοήθεια μιας πολυμεταβλητής (ταξινομικής) ανάλυσης προσεγγίζεται, τέλος, ο βαθμός απομόνωσης των διαφόρων κοινωνικοεπαγγελματικών (ΚΕ) κατηγοριών σε επίπεδο ΟΤΑ.
Στόχος της μελέτης είναι η αποτίμηση του οφέλους που μπορεί να προκόψει από τη χρήση δεικτών διαχωρισμού για τη συγκριτική ανάλυση της κοινωνικής φυσιογνωμίας των πόλεων και για την ανάλυση των κοινωνικών και χωρικών σχημάτων διαίρεσης του αστικού χώρου. Στόχο αποτελεί, επίσης, η ανάδειξη της λογικής και της επιχειρησιακής δομής ορισμένων στατιστικών τεχνικών.
Στόχος της μελέτης είναι η αποτίμηση του οφέλους που μπορεί να προκόψει από τη χρήση δεικτών διαχωρισμού για τη συγκριτική ανάλυση της κοινωνικής φυσιογνωμίας των πόλεων και για την ανάλυση των κοινωνικών και χωρικών σχημάτων διαίρεσης του αστικού χώρου. Στόχο αποτελεί, επίσης, η ανάδειξη της λογικής και της επιχειρησιακής δομής ορισμένων στατιστικών τεχνικών.
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The book is about micro-segregation in the socially mixed and dense centers of compact cities. It investigates the form and content of social (or ethno-racial) hierarchies at the micro-scale of different cities around the world and the... more
The book is about micro-segregation in the socially mixed and dense centers of compact cities. It investigates the form and content of social (or ethno-racial) hierarchies at the micro-scale of different cities around the world and the ways they evolved across time. It also deals with the ways these hierarchies embodied by micro-separations affect the reproduction of social inequalities in today’s large cities. Exploring the social tissue in dense and compact cities, this book sheds light on the importance of social mix through the ways the housing market is constantly reconfiguring it, the ways the structure of the housing stock shapes it through its different forms, and the ways that policies trying to manage it affect it in different ways.
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Αντικείμενο αυτού του βιβλίου αποτελεί ο κοινωνικός διαχωρισμός στην Αθήνα, δηλαδή η κατανομή των διαφόρων κοινωνικών ομάδων στο χώρο της πόλης. Η Αθήνα δεν έχει να επιδείξει ούτε πύργους για τους πλούσιους ούτε παραγκουπόλεις για τους... more
Αντικείμενο αυτού του βιβλίου αποτελεί ο κοινωνικός διαχωρισμός στην Αθήνα, δηλαδή η κατανομή των διαφόρων κοινωνικών ομάδων στο χώρο της πόλης. Η Αθήνα δεν έχει να επιδείξει ούτε πύργους για τους πλούσιους ούτε παραγκουπόλεις για τους φτωχούς. Ως πρωτεύουσα ενός μάλλον φτωχού κράτους, του οποίου η οικονομία ήταν κυρίως αγροτική μέχρι τη δεκαετία του 1960, το κτισμένο περιβάλλον της πόλης δεν προβάλλει σημάδια μεγάλου ιδιωτικού ή δημόσιου πλούτου και διεθνούς ισχύος. Τα σημάδια της φτώχειας επίσης έσβησαν σταδιακά ως επακόλουθο της ταχείας μεταπολεμικής οικονομικής ανάπτυξης και του αποτελεσματικού ρόλου της οικογενειακής αλληλεγγύης στην αναπλήρωση του κράτους πρόνοιας. Αυτό δεν σημαίνει ότι η ταξική ανισότητα απουσιάζει ή ότι οι ευάλωτες ομάδες των μεταναστών και των μειονοτήτων δεν υφίστανται διακρίσεις. Σημαίνει ότι δομές, όπως η κοινωνική φυσιογνωμία της ιδιοκτησίας αστικής γης, μηχανισμοί, όπως τα κυρίαρχα συστήματα στέγασης και η πρόσβαση στην ιδιοκατοίκηση, και πρακτικές, όπως η οικογενειακή αλληλεγγύη για την κάλυψη των στεγαστικών αναγκών των ευάλωτων μελών της οικογένειας, εμπόδισαν τη μετάφραση της κοινωνικής ανισότητας σε χωρική διαίρεση.
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Μια περιήγηση σε τέσσερις μεγα-πόλεις της Λατινικής Αμερικής. Γνωστές και άγνωστες γειτονιές, γεμάτες χρώμα, ζωντάνια και φτώχεια. Mουσεία, πανεπιστήμια και διαδρομές σε αστικά τοπία, μέσα από τη ματιά, τους συνειρμούς και τις σκέψεις... more
Μια περιήγηση σε τέσσερις μεγα-πόλεις της Λατινικής Αμερικής. Γνωστές και άγνωστες γειτονιές, γεμάτες χρώμα, ζωντάνια και φτώχεια. Mουσεία, πανεπιστήμια και διαδρομές σε αστικά τοπία, μέσα από τη ματιά, τους συνειρμούς και τις σκέψεις ενός γεωγράφου από τη Νότια Ευρώπη, που ασχολείται με την κοινωνιολογία της πόλης και ενδιαφέρεται για τους τρόπους με τους οποίους οι κοινωνικές αποστάσεις βρίσκουν έκφραση στον δομημένο χώρο. Μια περιήγηση που τελειώνει με την επίσκεψη σε μια εντελώς διαφορετική μεγαλούπολη του Νότου των ΗΠΑ, όπου ο πλούτος από το πετρέλαιο και η κυριαρχία του ιδιωτικού αυτοκινήτου συνυπάρχουν με τον έντονο διαχωρισμό των κοινωνικών και φυλετικών ομάδων στο χώρο της πόλης.
Το κείμενο πλαισιώνουν μια σειρά από φωτογραφίες που τράβηξε ο συγγραφέας κατά την περιήγησή του στις πέντε αυτές πόλεις.
Το δεύτερο βιβλίο της νέας σειράς των εκδόσεων νήσος «Διαδρομές». Περιπλανήσεις νοητικές και πραγματικές, εξερεύνηση χώρων και σχέσεων, αφηγηματικές περιπέτειες ή περιπετειώδεις αφηγήσεις.
Το κείμενο πλαισιώνουν μια σειρά από φωτογραφίες που τράβηξε ο συγγραφέας κατά την περιήγησή του στις πέντε αυτές πόλεις.
Το δεύτερο βιβλίο της νέας σειράς των εκδόσεων νήσος «Διαδρομές». Περιπλανήσεις νοητικές και πραγματικές, εξερεύνηση χώρων και σχέσεων, αφηγηματικές περιπέτειες ή περιπετειώδεις αφηγήσεις.
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Το κέντρο της Αθήνας και τα προβλήματά του προκαλούν τα τελευταία χρόνια έντονο δημοσιογραφικό ενδιαφέρον, ενώ αποτελούν πλέον και σημαντικό αντικείμενο στην πολιτική ημερήσια διάταξη. Προβάλλονται, συνήθως, ως ένα αξεδιάλυτο κουβάρι... more
Το κέντρο της Αθήνας και τα προβλήματά του προκαλούν τα τελευταία χρόνια έντονο δημοσιογραφικό ενδιαφέρον, ενώ αποτελούν πλέον και σημαντικό αντικείμενο στην πολιτική ημερήσια διάταξη. Προβάλλονται, συνήθως, ως ένα αξεδιάλυτο κουβάρι αστέγων, παράνομων μεταναστών, εμπορίου και χρήσης ναρκωτικών ουσιών και αυξανόμενης εγκληματικότητας που δυσκολεύουν την καθημερινή ζωή των υπολοίπων κατοίκων και δρουν ανασχετικά για την ανάπτυξη του εμπορίου και των τοπικών υπηρεσιών ψυχαγωγίας, πολιτισμού και τουρισμού.
Η εικονογράφηση των προβλημάτων –η οποία εστιάζει αποκλειστικά σε μια ομολογουμένως προβληματική πραγματικότητα, υπερτονίζοντάς την με άτοπους χαρακτηρισμούς όπως «γκέτο» ή «άβατο»– συνοδεύεται κατά κανόνα από διαπιστώσεις περί ελλιπούς αστυνόμευσης, οδηγώντας στο συμπέρασμα ότι η λύση του προβλήματος είναι συνυφασμένη με την ένταση της καταστολής και καθιστούν το κέντρο της Αθήνας ένα «πρόβλημα ασφάλειας».
Τα κείμενα του συλλογικού αυτού τόμου προέρχονται από το σεμινάριο που διοργάνωσαν το Εθνικό Κέντρο Κοινωνικών Ερευνών και το Μεταπτυχιακό Πρόγραμμα «Εφαρμοσμένη Γεωγραφία και Διαχείριση του Χώρου» του Τμήματος Γεωγραφίας του Χαροκόπειου Πανεπιστημίου κατά το εαρινό εξάμηνο του ακαδημαϊκού έτους 2010-11 με τίτλο «Το Κέντρο της Πόλης ως (Νέο) Πολιτικό Διακύβευμα». Φιλοδοξία, τόσο του σεμιναρίου όσο και της έκδοσης αυτών των κειμένων, ήταν να συμβάλουν στη διευρυνόμενη συζήτηση για το κέντρο της Αθήνας, αντιμετωπίζοντας κριτικά την «προβληματικότητά» του, αναδεικνύοντας τα ευρύτερα πολιτικά και κοινωνικά διακυβεύματα που κρύβονται πίσω από τον απλουστευτικό λόγο περί υποβάθμισης και υποδεικνύοντας ορισμένες κατευθύνσεις στις οποίες μπορούν να αναζητηθούν οι (πολιτικές) λύσεις.
Η εικονογράφηση των προβλημάτων –η οποία εστιάζει αποκλειστικά σε μια ομολογουμένως προβληματική πραγματικότητα, υπερτονίζοντάς την με άτοπους χαρακτηρισμούς όπως «γκέτο» ή «άβατο»– συνοδεύεται κατά κανόνα από διαπιστώσεις περί ελλιπούς αστυνόμευσης, οδηγώντας στο συμπέρασμα ότι η λύση του προβλήματος είναι συνυφασμένη με την ένταση της καταστολής και καθιστούν το κέντρο της Αθήνας ένα «πρόβλημα ασφάλειας».
Τα κείμενα του συλλογικού αυτού τόμου προέρχονται από το σεμινάριο που διοργάνωσαν το Εθνικό Κέντρο Κοινωνικών Ερευνών και το Μεταπτυχιακό Πρόγραμμα «Εφαρμοσμένη Γεωγραφία και Διαχείριση του Χώρου» του Τμήματος Γεωγραφίας του Χαροκόπειου Πανεπιστημίου κατά το εαρινό εξάμηνο του ακαδημαϊκού έτους 2010-11 με τίτλο «Το Κέντρο της Πόλης ως (Νέο) Πολιτικό Διακύβευμα». Φιλοδοξία, τόσο του σεμιναρίου όσο και της έκδοσης αυτών των κειμένων, ήταν να συμβάλουν στη διευρυνόμενη συζήτηση για το κέντρο της Αθήνας, αντιμετωπίζοντας κριτικά την «προβληματικότητά» του, αναδεικνύοντας τα ευρύτερα πολιτικά και κοινωνικά διακυβεύματα που κρύβονται πίσω από τον απλουστευτικό λόγο περί υποβάθμισης και υποδεικνύοντας ορισμένες κατευθύνσεις στις οποίες μπορούν να αναζητηθούν οι (πολιτικές) λύσεις.
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This set of city-case-studies across the globe-ranging from Tokyo to São Paolo, from Beijing to Istanbul-confronts different patterns and levels of inequality and segregation with different state and other contexts. Due to this focus it... more
This set of city-case-studies across the globe-ranging from Tokyo to São Paolo, from Beijing to Istanbul-confronts different patterns and levels of inequality and segregation with different state and other contexts. Due to this focus it is a "must read" for all aiming at a fuller understanding of segregation. Through their colourful selections the authors convincingly show that context matters. They fill a gap in the literature. sako musterd, University of amsterdam, the netherlands Residential segregation is common to all cities but the nature, form and scale varies between cities and societies depending on economic and political structure, class and ethnic composition and level of development. With its wide range of case studies this valuable book breaks out of the assumptions of traditional Anglo-American contexts. It will be a "must read" for anyone interested in residential segregation and its variations worldwide. Chris Hamnett, King's College london, UK Maloutas book.indb 1 6/12/2012 3:02:08 PM
The aim of this book is to introduce the significantly different urban
experiences in social and spatial segregation patterns and rationales
which exist among the world’s regions and to demonstrate that
urban theory needs to draw systematically upon this wide range
of experiences. The cities selected (Athens, Beijing, Budapest,
Copenhagen, Hong Kong Madrid, Paris, São Paulo, Taipei, and Tokyo) were chosen in order to achieve geographical spread, to maximise the diversity of types of socioeconomic regulation and thus to avoid the interpretative limitations and misconstructions resulting from universalizing the Anglo-American experience.
Contents: Introduction: residential segregation in context,
Thomas Maloutas; Residential income inequality in Tokyo and why
it does not translate into class-based segregation, Kuniko Fujita and
Richard Child Hill; The impact of housing tenure on residential
segregation in Beijing, China, John R. Logan and Limei Li;Residential segregation in an unequal city: why are there no urban
ghettos in Hong Kong?, Ngai-ming Yip; A portrait of residential
differentiation in Taipei City (1980–2010), Chia-Huang Wang and
Chun-Hao Li; Residential segregation and social structure in São
Paulo: continuity and change since the 1990s, Eduardo Marques,
Renata Bichir and Celi Scalon; Segregation, social mix and public
policies in Paris, Edmond Préteceille; The solidity of urban sociospatial structures in Copenhagen, Hans Thor Andersen; Residential segregation in Budapest before and after transition, Zoltán Kovács; The limits of segregation as an expression of socioeconomic inequality: the Madrid case, Marta Dominguez, Jesus Leal and Elena Martinez Goytre; Changing dynamics of residential segregation in Istanbul, Tuna Tasan-Kok; Social polarization and de-segregation in Athens, Thomas Maloutas, Vassilis Arapoglou, George Kandylis and John Sayas; Conclusion: residential segregation and urban theory, Kuniko Fujita; Index.
The aim of this book is to introduce the significantly different urban
experiences in social and spatial segregation patterns and rationales
which exist among the world’s regions and to demonstrate that
urban theory needs to draw systematically upon this wide range
of experiences. The cities selected (Athens, Beijing, Budapest,
Copenhagen, Hong Kong Madrid, Paris, São Paulo, Taipei, and Tokyo) were chosen in order to achieve geographical spread, to maximise the diversity of types of socioeconomic regulation and thus to avoid the interpretative limitations and misconstructions resulting from universalizing the Anglo-American experience.
Contents: Introduction: residential segregation in context,
Thomas Maloutas; Residential income inequality in Tokyo and why
it does not translate into class-based segregation, Kuniko Fujita and
Richard Child Hill; The impact of housing tenure on residential
segregation in Beijing, China, John R. Logan and Limei Li;Residential segregation in an unequal city: why are there no urban
ghettos in Hong Kong?, Ngai-ming Yip; A portrait of residential
differentiation in Taipei City (1980–2010), Chia-Huang Wang and
Chun-Hao Li; Residential segregation and social structure in São
Paulo: continuity and change since the 1990s, Eduardo Marques,
Renata Bichir and Celi Scalon; Segregation, social mix and public
policies in Paris, Edmond Préteceille; The solidity of urban sociospatial structures in Copenhagen, Hans Thor Andersen; Residential segregation in Budapest before and after transition, Zoltán Kovács; The limits of segregation as an expression of socioeconomic inequality: the Madrid case, Marta Dominguez, Jesus Leal and Elena Martinez Goytre; Changing dynamics of residential segregation in Istanbul, Tuna Tasan-Kok; Social polarization and de-segregation in Athens, Thomas Maloutas, Vassilis Arapoglou, George Kandylis and John Sayas; Conclusion: residential segregation and urban theory, Kuniko Fujita; Index.
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Στις αρχές του 21ου αιώνα, η Αθήνα υφίσταται, αφομοιώνει, αντιδρά και μεταλλάσσει τις ποικίλες επιδράσεις μιας διαρκώς εντεινόμενης παγκοσμιοποίησης, ενώ η κοινωνία της παλεύει να αμβλύνει τις επιπτώσεις, αλλά και να αδράξει τις όποιες... more
Στις αρχές του 21ου αιώνα, η Αθήνα υφίσταται, αφομοιώνει, αντιδρά και μεταλλάσσει τις ποικίλες επιδράσεις μιας διαρκώς εντεινόμενης παγκοσμιοποίησης, ενώ η κοινωνία της παλεύει να αμβλύνει τις επιπτώσεις, αλλά και να αδράξει τις όποιες ευκαιρίες, στο πλαίσιο ενός όλο και λιγότερο προστατευτικού περιβάλλοντος και αναπτυσσόμενου φιλελευθερισμού. Νέοι καταναγκασμοί, νέες ανάγκες αλλά και νέοι στόχοι οδηγούν σε ιδιόμορφα αστικά μορφώματα και σύνθετες νέες στάσεις και πρακτικές, στο εσωτερικό των οποίων, παλαιές σταθερές κοινωνικής και οικογενειακής οργάνωσης συνυφαίνονται με στοιχεία ‘εκμοντερνισμού’. Το μέλλον της κοινωνικής διαστρωμάτωσης που διαμορφώθηκε στη μεταπολίτευση παρουσιάζεται έωλο καθώς οι πιέσεις αυξάνονται στα μεσαία στρώματα, οι ευπαθείς ομάδες των χαμηλών εισοδημάτων υφίστανται πρώτες τα αποτελέσματα της παγκόσμιας κρίσης και τα εργατικά στρώματα διευρύνονται και αναδιαρθρώνονται δύο σχεδόν δεκαετίες μετά την μετατροπή της Ελλάδας σε χώρα υποδοχής μεταναστών.
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The book is the result of a COST Action financed by the European Science Foundation. It analyses the key concepts, ideas and processes driving competitiveness and cohesion agendas across Europe and demonstrates the implications and the... more
The book is the result of a COST Action financed by the European Science Foundation. It analyses the key concepts, ideas and processes driving competitiveness and cohesion agendas across Europe and demonstrates the implications and the effects of contemporary urban regeneration policies and politics in Europe. The case study material ensures that an in depth understanding of policy processes is conveyed to readers, and attention is drawn to the problems and paradoxes of policy, but also to the possibilities for policy innovation and learning across national and disciplinary borders. The material a.o. studies the cities of Amsterdam, Antwerp, Athens, Bratislava, Istanbul, Maribor, London, Rotterdam, Vienna, and Zurich. Specific policy fields which are looked at relate to housing, labour markets, enterprises, integration of ethnical groups, urban regeneration, or transport. The book shows that spatial and urban policy continues to be a key site of policy intervention and experimentation. Different national welfare systems, political cultures, and socio-economic conditions combine and recombine to address policy problems and opportunities. Collectively, the authors argue that the examined policy initiatives reflect and reproduce these broader changes and shifting ways of thinking about the appropriate relationships between citizens, businesses, and the state.
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The growing literature on comparative European housing policy has played a major part in developing our understanding of the way housing in provided in different countries, and in the way the interaction between the stat, market and civil... more
The growing literature on comparative European housing policy has played a major part in developing our understanding of the way housing in provided in different countries, and in the way the interaction between the stat, market and civil society is conceptualized. However, much of this analysis is rooted without question in the welfare states of northern Europe – there has been almost no research published in English on the provision of housing in southern Europe. Such research as exists deals with specific feature of housing policy, invariably in a single country. There is probably a better understanding of the housing systems of the former communist countries than those of southern Europe.
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Υποθέσεις για τις άνισες κοινωνικές επιπτώσεις της πανδημίας με συγκριτική αναφορά στις μεγάλες κρίσεις του περασμένου αιώνα και τις δικές τους επιπτώσεις στις κοινωνικές ανισότητες
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This chapter provides evidence for the relatively moderate level and durable patterns of socioeconomic segregation in Athens. The level of segregation remained stable and slightly decreased during the last two decades, while the patterns... more
This chapter provides evidence for the relatively moderate level and durable patterns of socioeconomic segregation in Athens. The level of segregation remained stable and slightly decreased during the last two decades, while the patterns of social division were more clearly demarcated in space. Although the level of socioeconomic inequality is relatively high, its translation to spatial division continues to be obstructed by a host of parameters—like the high rate of home ownership and the low rate of residential mobility—inscribed in the residual local welfare state. The segregating impact of the sovereign debt crisis has also been curtailed following the collapse of housing demand.
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Introduction to the Athenian apartment building: forms and periods of production; impact on the city's social geography
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This chapter focuses on the content and causes of the decline of the city center in Athens and, in particular, on its relation to the devaluation produced by the changing options of upper and upper-middle social groups in terms of... more
This chapter focuses on the content and causes of the decline of the city center in Athens and, in particular, on its relation to the devaluation produced by the changing options of upper and upper-middle social groups in terms of residential location. The gradual relocation of these groups to peripheral areas has not only affected the housing market and the city’s social geography; it eventually reshaped in a centrifugal way the map of social and commercial services, as well as the map of employment.
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Athènes est l’une des nombreuses villes pour lesquelles la gentrification est une sorte de nouveauté. Dans l’analyse des processus ressemblant à la gentrification que nous présentons ici, nous nous demandons s’il est pertinent... more
Athènes est l’une des nombreuses villes pour lesquelles la gentrification est une sorte de nouveauté. Dans l’analyse des processus ressemblant à la gentrification que nous présentons ici, nous nous demandons s’il est pertinent d’identifier ces processus à la gentrification, en ce qui concerne ses facteurs, ses acteurs principaux et, en particulier, son impact socio-spatial. Nous tenterons d’élucider s’il existe des preuves de ce phénomène dans la ville et, dans le même temps, s’il est réellement fécond de considérer ces phénomènes locaux ressemblant à la gentrification dans le cadre de la problématique de la gentrification.
The concluding chapter brings together some of the core findings from the contributions of twenty specialists from around Europe, and identifies avenues for future research. The contributions have reflected on the conceptual and empirical... more
The concluding chapter brings together some of the core findings from the contributions of twenty specialists from around Europe, and identifies avenues for future research. The contributions have reflected on the conceptual and empirical relationships between economic competitiveness and social cohesion at the urban and regional level throughout Europe. In the concluding chapter, the outcomes and interpretations of these diversified reflections were discussed and the tensions within the new ‘competitiveness’ and ‘cohesion’ frameworks of policy-makers and planners were elaborated. The conclusions address questions related to the diversity of policy frameworks and discourses before turning specifically to core areas where further research work is needed.
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... Challenges for Policy and Research Thomas Maloutas, Mike Raco, and Tuna Tasan-Kok Abstract The concluding chapter brings together some of the core findings from the contributions of twenty specialists from around Europe, and... more
... Challenges for Policy and Research Thomas Maloutas, Mike Raco, and Tuna Tasan-Kok Abstract The concluding chapter brings together some of the core findings from the contributions of twenty specialists from around Europe, and identifies avenues for future research. ...
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This chapter investigates the ambiguous relationships between contemporary immigration and the competitiveness/cohesion equilibrium in the metropolitan region of the Greek capital. It makes use of the latest available data on immigrants’... more
This chapter investigates the ambiguous relationships between contemporary immigration and the competitiveness/cohesion equilibrium in the metropolitan region of the Greek capital. It makes use of the latest available data on immigrants’ employment and investigates the emerging implications for competitiveness and cohesion at both metropolitan and sub-metropolitan levels. The analysis establishes links between the dynamics of immigration with wider processes of economic and social change and their spatial and social effects. The authors are led to conclude that immigration introduces new relations in the labour market and creates more complex subjectivities making it impossible for competitiveness and cohesion to be treated in abstracto; these ambiguous and context dependent notions have to be interpreted in the respective specific social and spatial context and this is what may constitute their added value in terms of policy orientation.
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The Athens Social Atlas aims at highlighting key structures and processes that constitute the city’s social fabric and to highlight the interactions between social processes and the built environment. Most of the entries in the atlas are... more
The Athens Social Atlas aims at highlighting key structures and processes that constitute the city’s social fabric and to highlight the interactions between social processes and the built environment. Most of the entries in the atlas are based on current and past research on Athens that generated original datasets and led to novel analyses and findings, which to some extent remain little-known.
The entries are as diverse as the city they refer to, in terms of size and accompanying material. Some articles analyse the entire metropolitan area, for example the geographic distribution of Athenians according to their income. Others, on the contrary, focus on one residential quarter (for example, Kypseli) or even on one street only (Ippokratous Str.). The articles have been classified under thematic groups. In this sense, the atlas is more of a reference book, a broad thematic dictionary of Athens and not a traditional collective volume with closely related individual chapters that follow a central idea. In addition, the interpretations included in each entry do not necessarily reflect one overall viewpoint. They reflect the views of their authors, who were asked to express them freely, provided they could substantiate them.
The entries are as diverse as the city they refer to, in terms of size and accompanying material. Some articles analyse the entire metropolitan area, for example the geographic distribution of Athenians according to their income. Others, on the contrary, focus on one residential quarter (for example, Kypseli) or even on one street only (Ippokratous Str.). The articles have been classified under thematic groups. In this sense, the atlas is more of a reference book, a broad thematic dictionary of Athens and not a traditional collective volume with closely related individual chapters that follow a central idea. In addition, the interpretations included in each entry do not necessarily reflect one overall viewpoint. They reflect the views of their authors, who were asked to express them freely, provided they could substantiate them.
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The application Panorama of Greek Census Data is developed by a research team of the National Centre for Social Research (EKKE) in collaboration with the Greek Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) following their cooperation memorandum related... more
The application Panorama of Greek Census Data is developed by a research team of the National Centre for Social Research (EKKE) in collaboration with the Greek Statistical Authority (ELSTAT) following their cooperation memorandum related to the project “Dynamic Management of Social Data and Mapping Representation” funded by the program KRIPIS of the General Secretariat of Research & Technology (GGET) of the Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs. The project is part of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) 2007-13.
The Panorama of Greek Census Data is developed to enable access, increase analysis potential and permit the easy and detailed mapping of data for the last three censuses (1991-2001-2011). All parties involved aim at satisfying the needs of the research community, but also to increase substantially the number of people who use census data in productive ways.
The Panorama of Greek Census Data is developed to enable access, increase analysis potential and permit the easy and detailed mapping of data for the last three censuses (1991-2001-2011). All parties involved aim at satisfying the needs of the research community, but also to increase substantially the number of people who use census data in productive ways.
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Η εφαρμογή Πανόραμα Απογραφικών Δεδομένων αναπτύσσεται από ερευνητική ομάδα του Εθνικού Κέντρου Κοινωνικών Ερευνών (ΕΚΚΕ) σε συνεργασία με την Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή (ΕΛΣΤΑΤ), με βάση το μεταξύ τους μνημόνιο συνεργασίας και στο πλαίσιο... more
Η εφαρμογή Πανόραμα Απογραφικών Δεδομένων αναπτύσσεται από ερευνητική ομάδα του Εθνικού Κέντρου Κοινωνικών Ερευνών (ΕΚΚΕ) σε συνεργασία με την Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή (ΕΛΣΤΑΤ), με βάση το μεταξύ τους μνημόνιο συνεργασίας και στο πλαίσιο του ερευνητικού έργου «Δυναμική Διαχείριση Βάσεων Κοινωνικών Δεδομένων και Χαρτογραφικών Αναπαραστάσεων» που χρηματοδοτείται από το πρόγραμμα ΚΡΗΠΙΣ της Γενικής Γραμματείας Έρευνας & Τεχνολογίας (ΓΓΕΤ) του Υπουργείου Παιδείας και Θρησκευμάτων, το οποίο εντάσσεται στο Εθνικό Στρατηγικό Πλαίσιο Αναφοράς (ΕΣΠΑ) 2007-2013.
Στόχος για το Πανόραμα Απογραφικών Δεδομένων είναι να διευκολύνει την πρόσβαση, να διευρύνει τις δυνατότητες ανάλυσης και επεξεργασίας και να επιτρέψει την εύκολη και λεπτομερή χαρτογραφική απόδοση των δεδομένων σε βάθος τριών απογραφών (1991-2001-2011). Φιλοδοξία όλων των συντελεστών του είναι να καλύψει τις απαιτήσεις της ερευνητικής κοινότητας, αλλά και να διευρύνει σημαντικά τον αριθμό εκείνων που χρησιμοποιούν τα απογραφικά δεδομένα με παραγωγικό τρόπο.
Η πρώτη εκδοχή της κυκλοφόρησε το 2005 ως εφαρμογή που αφορούσε μεμονωμένους υπολογιστές και είχε χρηματοδοτηθεί από πρόγραμμα του Υπουργείου Ανάπτυξης και από το πρόγραμμα Πυθαγόρας ΙΙ του Υπουργείου Παιδείας όσον αφορά το χαρτογραφικό του κομμάτι.
Στόχος για το Πανόραμα Απογραφικών Δεδομένων είναι να διευκολύνει την πρόσβαση, να διευρύνει τις δυνατότητες ανάλυσης και επεξεργασίας και να επιτρέψει την εύκολη και λεπτομερή χαρτογραφική απόδοση των δεδομένων σε βάθος τριών απογραφών (1991-2001-2011). Φιλοδοξία όλων των συντελεστών του είναι να καλύψει τις απαιτήσεις της ερευνητικής κοινότητας, αλλά και να διευρύνει σημαντικά τον αριθμό εκείνων που χρησιμοποιούν τα απογραφικά δεδομένα με παραγωγικό τρόπο.
Η πρώτη εκδοχή της κυκλοφόρησε το 2005 ως εφαρμογή που αφορούσε μεμονωμένους υπολογιστές και είχε χρηματοδοτηθεί από πρόγραμμα του Υπουργείου Ανάπτυξης και από το πρόγραμμα Πυθαγόρας ΙΙ του Υπουργείου Παιδείας όσον αφορά το χαρτογραφικό του κομμάτι.
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Urban development and the concomitant urban policies in advanced capitalist societies from the late 1980s to the present day are being haunted by a complex, yet ideologically straightforward, path. Termed variously neo-liberal, revancist,... more
Urban development and the concomitant urban policies in advanced capitalist societies from the late 1980s to the present day are being haunted by a complex, yet ideologically straightforward, path. Termed variously neo-liberal, revancist, competitive city, entrepreneurial city, post-industrial modernization, this development strategy places emphasis of regional and often country development on the positioning of the primate cities of the nation states in the global hierarchy of the system of cities. Its main ideological ...
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This talk begins by sketching a genealogy of concepts that lead to ‘diversity’ as a way of depicting and addressing urban social issues in political and academic discourses’ and proceeds to a discussion of relations between diversity and... more
This talk begins by sketching a genealogy of concepts that lead to ‘diversity’ as a way of depicting and addressing urban social issues in political and academic discourses’ and proceeds to a discussion of relations between diversity and inequality, diversity and spatial/social mobility, and diversity and democracy. Eventually, it is argued that diversity is interesting not only for the intricate ways it is effectively integrated in the academic and political terminology and for the complex realities it refers to, but also for the ambivalent ways it is perceived and acknowledged by the wider public. The considerable extent to which the object of diversity is essentialized, even for supporters of egalitarian social values and policies, enables further social and political division within the camp of Labour.
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In every city, there are one or more types of residential building which dominate the local housing scene and which are an integral part of its built history: small, identical detached, semi-detached or terraced houses in the planned... more
In every city, there are one or more types of residential building which dominate the local housing scene and which are an integral part of its built history: small, identical detached, semi-detached or terraced houses in the planned suburban extensions in Western and Northern Europe and North America; large multi-storey, middle-class complexes in the cities of the Far East and South America; rough structures knocked together in the shanty towns that have sprouted up unplanned around the gigantic cities of Sub-Saharan Africa, India and Latin America.
In Athens, the apartment building built on land given to the developer in exchange for a flat (or flats) in the finished structure (the "antiparochi" system) has undoubtedly dominated the housing market for decades. It evolved rapidly following the institution of a favorable tax and legal regime which made of “antiparochi” the unique mode of production for apartmwent buildings; while there were only a thousand or so multi-storey apartment buildings in Athens in 1950, there were 35 times that number in 1980.
The discussion will focus on the processes which shaped the post-war reconstruction of Athens and the impact the hegemony of the apartment block has had on Athenian society and the urban landscape. It will also examine the extent to which the singularities of Athens’ built environment—the absence of a clear morphological articulation; the mixing of private and public uses at the level of the city block—are a consequence of the "antiparochi" model, as well as the impact this mode of urban development has had on the city’s social geography.
Speakers:
Panos Dragonas: Associate Professor of Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture, University of Patras (Greece)
Thomas Maloutas: Professor of Social Geography, Department of Geography, Harokopio University (Greece)
Ioanna Theocharopoulou: Assistant Professor of Interior Design, Parsons The New School for Design, New York (USA)
Richard Woditsch: Professor of Theory of Architecture and Design, Georg Simon Ohm University of Applied Sciences, Nürnberg (Germany)
Chair:
Nicholas Souliotis: Sociologist, Researcher at the National Centre for Social Research, Athens (Greece)
In Athens, the apartment building built on land given to the developer in exchange for a flat (or flats) in the finished structure (the "antiparochi" system) has undoubtedly dominated the housing market for decades. It evolved rapidly following the institution of a favorable tax and legal regime which made of “antiparochi” the unique mode of production for apartmwent buildings; while there were only a thousand or so multi-storey apartment buildings in Athens in 1950, there were 35 times that number in 1980.
The discussion will focus on the processes which shaped the post-war reconstruction of Athens and the impact the hegemony of the apartment block has had on Athenian society and the urban landscape. It will also examine the extent to which the singularities of Athens’ built environment—the absence of a clear morphological articulation; the mixing of private and public uses at the level of the city block—are a consequence of the "antiparochi" model, as well as the impact this mode of urban development has had on the city’s social geography.
Speakers:
Panos Dragonas: Associate Professor of Architecture and Urban Design, Department of Architecture, University of Patras (Greece)
Thomas Maloutas: Professor of Social Geography, Department of Geography, Harokopio University (Greece)
Ioanna Theocharopoulou: Assistant Professor of Interior Design, Parsons The New School for Design, New York (USA)
Richard Woditsch: Professor of Theory of Architecture and Design, Georg Simon Ohm University of Applied Sciences, Nürnberg (Germany)
Chair:
Nicholas Souliotis: Sociologist, Researcher at the National Centre for Social Research, Athens (Greece)
Research Interests:
Κάθε πόλη διαθέτει έναν ή περισσότερους τύπους κτιρίων κατοικίας που κυριαρχούν στην τοπική στεγαστική πραγματικότητα και συνυφαίνονται με την οικιστική τους ιστορία: μικρές ομοιόμορφες μονοκατοικίες, ανεξάρτητες ή με μεσοτοιχία, στις... more
Κάθε πόλη διαθέτει έναν ή περισσότερους τύπους κτιρίων κατοικίας που κυριαρχούν στην τοπική στεγαστική πραγματικότητα και συνυφαίνονται με την οικιστική τους ιστορία: μικρές ομοιόμορφες μονοκατοικίες, ανεξάρτητες ή με μεσοτοιχία, στις σχεδιασμένες προαστιακές επεκτάσεις πόλεων της Δυτικής και Βόρειας Ευρώπης και της Βόρειας Αμερικής· μαζικά συγκροτήματα πολυώροφων κτιρίων μεσοαστικής κατοικίας σε πόλεις της Άπω Ανατολής και της Νότιας Αμερικής· πρόχειρα κατασκευασμένα καταλύματα σε αυτοσχέδιες επεκτάσεις των γιγαντιαίων πόλεων της Υποσαχάριας Αφρικής, της Ινδικής Χερσονήσου και της Λατινικής Αμερικής.
Στην Αθήνα, η πολυκατοικία της αντιπαροχής αποτελεί αναμφισβήτητα έναν από τους κυρίαρχους τύπους κτιρίου κατοικίας, που αναπτύχθηκε μάλιστα μέσα σε μικρή χρονική περίοδο. Η αντιπαροχή έγινε σχεδόν η αποκλειστική συνθήκη κατασκευής πολυώροφων κτιρίων με διαμερίσματα, αφού δημιουργήθηκε γι’ αυτήν ένα προνομιακό φορολογικό και διαδικαστικό καθεστώς, με αποτέλεσμα από τις περίπου 1.000 πολυκατοικίες το 1950, η Αθήνα να φτάσει να έχει 35.000 το 1980.
Η συζήτηση θα επικεντρωθεί στις διαδικασίες που ακολούθησε η μεταπολεμική ανοικοδόμηση της Αθήνας με βάση την πολυκατοικία της αντιπαροχής και στην αποτίμηση των πολεοδομικών και κοινωνικών επιπτώσεών της. Θα εξεταστεί η συμβολή του μοντέλου της αντιπαροχής στη διαμόρφωση του ιδιότυπου αθηναϊκού πολεοδομικού συγκροτήματος, που στερείται σαφούς μορφολογικής διάρθρωσης, αλλά ενθαρρύνει την ανάμιξη χρήσεων ιδιωτικού και δημοσίου ενδιαφέροντος στην κλίμακα του οικοδομικού τετραγώνου. Επίσης, θα γίνει αναφορά στις επιδράσεις του συγκεκριμένου μοντέλου οικιστικής ανάπτυξης στην αναδιαμόρφωση της κοινωνικής γεωγραφίας της πόλης.
Ομιλητές:
Richard Woditsch: Καθηγητής Θεωρίας Αρχιτεκτονικής στο Πανεπιστήμιο Εφαρμοσμένων Επιστημών Georg Simon Ohm της Νυρεμβέργης (Γερμανία)
Πάνος Δραγώνας: Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής Αρχιτεκτονικού και Αστικού Σχεδιασμού στο Τμήμα Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών
Ιωάννα Θεοχαροπούλου: Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια Σχεδιασμού Εσωτερικών Χώρων στο Parsons - The New School for Design της Νέας Υόρκης (ΗΠΑ)
Θωμάς Μαλούτας: Καθηγητής Κοινωνικής Γεωγραφίας στο Τμήμα Γεωγραφίας του Χαροκοπείου Πανεπιστημίου
Συντονισμός:
Νικόλας Σουλιώτης: Κοινωνιολόγος, Ερευνητής ΕΚΚΕ (Εθνικό Κέντρο Κοινωνικών Ερευνών)
Στην Αθήνα, η πολυκατοικία της αντιπαροχής αποτελεί αναμφισβήτητα έναν από τους κυρίαρχους τύπους κτιρίου κατοικίας, που αναπτύχθηκε μάλιστα μέσα σε μικρή χρονική περίοδο. Η αντιπαροχή έγινε σχεδόν η αποκλειστική συνθήκη κατασκευής πολυώροφων κτιρίων με διαμερίσματα, αφού δημιουργήθηκε γι’ αυτήν ένα προνομιακό φορολογικό και διαδικαστικό καθεστώς, με αποτέλεσμα από τις περίπου 1.000 πολυκατοικίες το 1950, η Αθήνα να φτάσει να έχει 35.000 το 1980.
Η συζήτηση θα επικεντρωθεί στις διαδικασίες που ακολούθησε η μεταπολεμική ανοικοδόμηση της Αθήνας με βάση την πολυκατοικία της αντιπαροχής και στην αποτίμηση των πολεοδομικών και κοινωνικών επιπτώσεών της. Θα εξεταστεί η συμβολή του μοντέλου της αντιπαροχής στη διαμόρφωση του ιδιότυπου αθηναϊκού πολεοδομικού συγκροτήματος, που στερείται σαφούς μορφολογικής διάρθρωσης, αλλά ενθαρρύνει την ανάμιξη χρήσεων ιδιωτικού και δημοσίου ενδιαφέροντος στην κλίμακα του οικοδομικού τετραγώνου. Επίσης, θα γίνει αναφορά στις επιδράσεις του συγκεκριμένου μοντέλου οικιστικής ανάπτυξης στην αναδιαμόρφωση της κοινωνικής γεωγραφίας της πόλης.
Ομιλητές:
Richard Woditsch: Καθηγητής Θεωρίας Αρχιτεκτονικής στο Πανεπιστήμιο Εφαρμοσμένων Επιστημών Georg Simon Ohm της Νυρεμβέργης (Γερμανία)
Πάνος Δραγώνας: Αναπληρωτής Καθηγητής Αρχιτεκτονικού και Αστικού Σχεδιασμού στο Τμήμα Αρχιτεκτόνων Μηχανικών του Πανεπιστημίου Πατρών
Ιωάννα Θεοχαροπούλου: Επίκουρη Καθηγήτρια Σχεδιασμού Εσωτερικών Χώρων στο Parsons - The New School for Design της Νέας Υόρκης (ΗΠΑ)
Θωμάς Μαλούτας: Καθηγητής Κοινωνικής Γεωγραφίας στο Τμήμα Γεωγραφίας του Χαροκοπείου Πανεπιστημίου
Συντονισμός:
Νικόλας Σουλιώτης: Κοινωνιολόγος, Ερευνητής ΕΚΚΕ (Εθνικό Κέντρο Κοινωνικών Ερευνών)
Research Interests:
This paper, first time in the Greek literature, measures and maps multiple deprivation in Athens in 2001 and three years into the economic crisis, in 2011, capturing the effects of two decades of urban development. We find that the... more
This paper, first time in the Greek literature, measures and maps multiple deprivation in
Athens in 2001 and three years into the economic crisis, in 2011, capturing the effects of
two decades of urban development. We find that the spatial distribution of multiple
deprivation in Athens, follows a centre-periphery as well as an east-west division that has
persisted through time, and deepened during the decade of the 2000s. These divisions are
linked to the political construction of the Athenian space, the way that the state has
historically shaped how the city developed during the post-war period and has responded to
the sovereign debt crisis since 2009. We argue that given the scale and persistency of
multiple deprivation it is about time to reconsider the role of Greek urban regeneration
policies that are implemented within a politically controlled and fragmented field of
planning, without openly addressing redistribution and equity concerns
Athens in 2001 and three years into the economic crisis, in 2011, capturing the effects of
two decades of urban development. We find that the spatial distribution of multiple
deprivation in Athens, follows a centre-periphery as well as an east-west division that has
persisted through time, and deepened during the decade of the 2000s. These divisions are
linked to the political construction of the Athenian space, the way that the state has
historically shaped how the city developed during the post-war period and has responded to
the sovereign debt crisis since 2009. We argue that given the scale and persistency of
multiple deprivation it is about time to reconsider the role of Greek urban regeneration
policies that are implemented within a politically controlled and fragmented field of
planning, without openly addressing redistribution and equity concerns
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This paper, first time in the Greek literature, measures and maps multiple deprivation in Athens in 2001 and three years into the economic crisis, in 2011, capturing the effects of two decades of urban development. We find that the... more
This paper, first time in the Greek literature, measures and maps multiple deprivation in Athens in 2001 and three years into the economic crisis, in 2011, capturing the effects of two decades of urban development. We find that the spatial distribution of multiple deprivation in Athens, follows a centre-periphery as well as an east-west division that has persisted through time, and deepened during the decade of the 2000s. These divisions are linked to the political construction of the Athenian space, the way that the state has historically shaped how the city developed during the post-war period and has responded to the sovereign debt crisis since 2009. We argue that given the scale and persistency of multiple deprivation it is about time to reconsider the role of Greek urban regeneration policies that are implemented within a politically controlled and fragmented field of
planning, without openly addressing redistribution and equity concerns.
planning, without openly addressing redistribution and equity concerns.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The paper explores the relation of educational performance with social and urban inequalities in the Athens Metropolitan Area of the mid 2000s. It draws on discussions about education as a mechanism of social reproduction and on work... more
The paper explores the relation of educational performance with social and urban inequalities in the Athens Metropolitan Area of the mid 2000s. It draws on discussions about education as a mechanism of social reproduction and on work about education inequalities in Greece, and in particular in Athens, where a socially more diversified secondary education than in the rest of the country leads to a rather open, but at the same time socially unequal higher education. The democratization of higher education has substantially increased during the 1980s and 1990s, but was accompanied by a clearer social demarcation amongst Faculties and Departments, and by the considerable losses of social mobility prospects suffered by the lower tier of higher education diplomas. The paper focuses on the crucial transition from secondary to higher education, relating the performance of candidates in the national admissions examination to the social position of their families, to the types of secondary schools they attended and to the social profile of the areas where they live.
Research Interests:
The paper summarizes arguments, developed in two recent publications, about the importance of context in making sense of urban social processes like segregation and gentrification (Maloutas 2012a and 2012b). It focuses especially on... more
The paper summarizes arguments, developed in two recent publications, about the importance of context in making sense of urban social processes like segregation and gentrification (Maloutas 2012a and 2012b). It focuses especially on tensions arising from the fact that concepts and theories used in empirical research around the urban world are usually generated at the core places of the academic division of labour and are bundled with contextual attachments that often remain implicit. It is argued that their –sometimes unwarranted– claim to universal validity is enabled by a process of half-way decontextualization. This process derives from the combination of the unequal power, between core and periphery, to provide broad range interpretative tools with the epistemological barriers to produce highly abstract concepts in spacerelated
disciplines; it leads, eventually, to impose insufficiently de-contextualized concepts –therefore insufficiently general– to the periphery. The rest of the paper is a short, and somewhat autobiographic, account of working with borrowed concepts and
theories and of the ways their contradictory contribution –that enables understanding, but at the same time mystifies, local processes.
disciplines; it leads, eventually, to impose insufficiently de-contextualized concepts –therefore insufficiently general– to the periphery. The rest of the paper is a short, and somewhat autobiographic, account of working with borrowed concepts and
theories and of the ways their contradictory contribution –that enables understanding, but at the same time mystifies, local processes.