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Research Interests: Religion, Sociology, Psychology, Education, Atheism, and 15 moreChild and adolescent mental health, Mental Health, Adolescent, God, Adolescence, Psychological, Belief, Religious Belief, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Adolescents, Differences, Functioning, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Related, and Belief in God
Research Interests: Applied Psychology, Education, Decision Making, Evidence Based Practice, Implementation Science, and 15 moreAustralia, Autonomy, Health, Health Administration, Adolescent, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Humans, Burnout, Female, Implementation, Cluster, Adult, Clinical Competence, Held, and Health Personnel
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Developmental Psychology, Adolescent Development, Life Sciences, Analysis, and 15 moreCrowds, Adjustment, Longitudinal Analysis, High School, Psychological, Achievement, Academic achievement, Adolescents, Longitudinal, Arts and Humanities, First Year, Psychological Adjustment, Medicine and Health Sciences, Peer, and Peer Groups and Their Influence Upon the Learning of Young Children
Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Developmental Psychology, Conscientiousness, Parenting, and 15 moreLife Sciences, Moral Development, Adolescent, Medicine, Humans, Female, Male, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Religion and psychology, New South Wales, Arts and Humanities, Longitudinal Studies, Social Values, Medicine and Health Sciences, and Genetic Psychology
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Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Personality, Intelligence, Cognition, and 13 moreHope, Attributional Style, Academic Performance, Structural Equation Modelling, Personality and Individual Differences, Adolescents, Second Order, High School Student, Longitudinal Study, Cognitive Ability, Attribution Style, Psychometric G, and Self Esteem
Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Personality, Life Sciences, Alexithymia, and 10 moreFactor analysis, Negative Affect, Well Being, Optimal Distinctiveness Theory, Personality and Individual Differences, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Adolescents, Arts and Humanities, Positive Affect, and Medicine and Health Sciences
Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Developmental Psychology, Life Sciences, Longitudinal Research, and 15 moreTeenagers, Adolescence, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Longitudinal, Being, Impact, Emotional, Arts and Humanities, Psychoticism, Examination, Dimension, Psychotocism, Medicine and Health Sciences, Eysenck, and Emotional well being
Research Interests: Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Parenting, Australia, Social Support, and 15 moreLegal Psychology, Adolescent, Medicine, Authoritarianism, Humans, Personality Development, Female, Parenting Styles, Male, Child and Adolescent Psychology, Permissiveness, Parent‐child Relations, Adolescent Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, and Conflict Psychology
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Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Science, Developmental Psychology, Personality, Conscientiousness, and 14 moreLife Sciences, Adolescence, Big Five Personality Traits, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Adolescents, Gender Differences, Extraversion, Arts and Humanities, Psychoticism, Agreeableness, Likeability, Friendships, Peer Ratings, and Medicine and Health Sciences
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Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Developmental Psychology, Education, Depression, Family, and 15 moreAustralia, Adolescent, Development, Emotions, Affect, Child Behavior, Child, Adolescence, Clinical Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Analysis of Variance, Explanatory Style, Depression Psychology, Adolescent Behavior, and Explanatory
Research Interests: Sociology, Psychology, Personality, Hope, Religiosity, and 4 moreAdolescence, Trait, Religious Values, and Self Esteem
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We examined the developmental trajectory of trait hope and self‐esteem over 4 years and the impact of gender and perceived parental styles on these trajectories. Participants were 884 high school students. There was a general decline in... more
We examined the developmental trajectory of trait hope and self‐esteem over 4 years and the impact of gender and perceived parental styles on these trajectories. Participants were 884 high school students. There was a general decline in hope and self‐esteem over time, with females declining more rapidly than males. Girls had higher hope than boys in Grade 7, but lower hope by Grade 10. Perceived parental authoritativeness at Time 1 was related to high hope across the 4 years, whilst perceived parental authoritarianism was related to low self‐esteem. We discuss the importance of perceived parental styles for adolescent well being, as well as possible explanations for changes in hope and self‐esteem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Research Interests: Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Science, Developmental Psychology, Education, Health Behavior, and 15 moreConscientiousness, Educational Psychology, Individuality, Adolescent, Humans, Adolescence, Female, Male, Big Five Personality Traits, Agreeableness, Longitudinal Studies, British psychology, Influences, Dimensions, and Distinctive
Objectives Although research in self-compassion has been rapidly growing, there is still substantial controversy about its meaning and measurement. The controversy centers on Neff’s popular Self- Compassion Scale (SCS) and the argument... more
Objectives Although research in self-compassion has been rapidly growing, there is still substantial controversy about its meaning and measurement. The controversy centers on Neff’s popular Self- Compassion Scale (SCS) and the argument that compassionate self-responding (CSR) and uncompassionate self-responding (UCS) are a single dimension versus the argument that they are two semi-independent, unipolar dimensions, with UCS not reflective of “true” self-compassion. Methods We review the evidence for both positions and conclude that the data cannot yet resolve the debate. Results Neither position is proven to be right or wrong. We recommend the way forward is to let go of traditional factor analytic approaches and examine self-compassionate behavior as a dynamic network of interacting processes that are influenced by context. This leads us to three classes of testable hypotheses. The link between CS and UCS will depend on the timeframe of measurement, current circumstances, and indiv...
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Research Interests: Psychology, Social Psychology, Development Studies, Aggression (Psychology), Adolescent Development, and 14 moreFriendship Studies, Functionalism, Friendship, Medicine, Prosocial Behavior, Happiness and Well Being, Empathy, Music Education and self-concept and self-esteem, Well Being, Sex Differences, Subjective Well Being, Resource Control Theory, Self Esteem, and Frontiers in Psychology
Please note that this is not a retraction, but a temporary take down. It will be published once Dr Ost's response has been received (it is expected sometime in approximately the next couple of months).The full Elsevier Policy on... more
Please note that this is not a retraction, but a temporary take down. It will be published once Dr Ost's response has been received (it is expected sometime in approximately the next couple of months).The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Research Interests: Psychology and Elsevier
The “protocols for syndromes” approach to evidence-based psychological intervention has failed the test of scientific progressivity. Process-based therapy provides an alternative model that is focused on treatment elements that target... more
The “protocols for syndromes” approach to evidence-based psychological intervention has failed the test of scientific progressivity. Process-based therapy provides an alternative model that is focused on treatment elements that target biopsychosocial processes of relevance to individual treatment goals. That shift in focus requires new, more integrative and idionomic models that identify key processes of change, using high temporal density measurement applied at the level of the person. Standard measurement validation approaches are inadequate to this challenge. The present study develops and provides a preliminary validation of a process-based assessment tool (PBAT) -- an item pool meant for intensive longitudinal clinical assessment. Developed using the Extended-Evolutionary Meta-Model of PBT and evaluated using an evolutionary algorithm appropriate for the evaluation of individual items, we administered the PBAT online to a representative sample of 598 participants (290 male; 302...
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Objectives. To demonstrate the use of machine-learning for reducing questionnaireresponse burden, we created multiple, shorter versions of the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport. We then tested the reliability and validity of scores derived... more
Objectives. To demonstrate the use of machine-learning for reducing questionnaireresponse burden, we created multiple, shorter versions of the Mindfulness Inventory for Sport. We then tested the reliability and validity of scores derived from these shorter versions in athletic populations.Design. We used genetic algorithms to shorten the measure, and both cross-sectional and longitudinal data to test psychometric properties.Method. We collected data from 859 undergraduate exercise science students and 118 golfers. We used 75% of the student sample to shorten the measure, and the rest of the data to test the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, content validity, and factorial validity. For criterion validity, we explored relationships between the subscales and other measures of mindfulness, golf handicaps, and an objective measure of putting accuracy.Results. Genetic algorithms efficiently generated stable solutions to shortening the measure. Reliability decreased as the me...
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This study examines the development of self-esteem in a sample of 138 Australian adolescents (90 males; 48 females) with cognitive abilities in the lowest 15% (L-CA) and a matched sample of 556 Australian adolescents (312 males; 244... more
This study examines the development of self-esteem in a sample of 138 Australian adolescents (90 males; 48 females) with cognitive abilities in the lowest 15% (L-CA) and a matched sample of 556 Australian adolescents (312 males; 244 females) with average to high levels of cognitive abilities (A/H-CA). These participants were measured annually (Grade 7 to 12). The findings showed that adolescents with L-CA and A/H-CA experience similar high and stable self-esteem trajectories that present similar relations with key predictors (sex, school usefulness and dislike, parenting, and peer integration). Both groups revealed substantial gender differences showing higher levels of self-esteem for adolescent males remaining relatively stable over time, compared to lower levels among adolescent females which decreased until midadolescence before increasing back.
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We sought to disambiguate the quantitative and qualitative components of mindfulness profiles, examine whether including ‘nonattachment’ as a subcomponent of mindfulness alters the profiles, and evaluate the extent to which the... more
We sought to disambiguate the quantitative and qualitative components of mindfulness profiles, examine whether including ‘nonattachment’ as a subcomponent of mindfulness alters the profiles, and evaluate the extent to which the person–centred approach to understanding mindfulness adds predictive power beyond a more parsimonious variable–centred approach. Using data from a nationally representative sample of Americans ( N = 7884; 52% female; Age: M = 47.9, SD = 16), we utilized bifactor exploratory structural equation modelling and latent profile analysis to separate the level and shape of previously identified profiles of mindfulness (Pearson, Lawless, Brown, & Bravo, 2015). Consistent with past research, we identified a judgmentally observing profile and a non–judgmentally aware group, but inconsistent with past research, we did not find profiles that showed high or low levels on all specific aspects of mindfulness. Adding nonattachment did not alter the shape of the profiles. Prof...
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Past research suggests that perceived social support from parents, teachers, and peers are all positively associated with wellbeing during adolescence. However, little longitudinal research has examined the implications of distinctive... more
Past research suggests that perceived social support from parents, teachers, and peers are all positively associated with wellbeing during adolescence. However, little longitudinal research has examined the implications of distinctive combinations of social support for developing adolescents. To address this limitation, we measured multiple dimensions of social support, psychological ill-health, and wellbeing in a sample of 2034 Australian adolescents (Mage = 13.7; 49.6% male) measured in Grades 8 and 11. Latent transition analyses identified a 6-profile solution for both waves of data, and revealed substantial inequality in perceived social support. Two "socially rich" profiles corresponded to 7% of the sample and had high social support (>1SD above sample mean) from at least two sources. (Fully Integrated; Parent and Peer Supported). In contrast, 25% of the sample was "socially poor," having support that was between -.65 to -.86 SD below the sample mean for ...
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In this study, we examined whether nonattachment, a relatively new construct in the mindfulness literature, showed convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity in relation to the well-studied 5 facets of mindfulness. Mindfulness was... more
In this study, we examined whether nonattachment, a relatively new construct in the mindfulness literature, showed convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity in relation to the well-studied 5 facets of mindfulness. Mindfulness was defined as a multifaceted construct including observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, and nonreactivity; and measured using the recently validated, 20-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Tran, Glück, & Nader, 2013; Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, & Toney, 2006). Nonattachment was defined as a flexible, balanced way of relating to one's experiences without clinging to or suppressing them, and measured using the 7-item Nonattachment Scale (NAS-7; Elphinstone, Sahdra, & Ciarrochi, 2015; Sahdra, Shaver, & Brown, 2015). In a large nationally representative sample of Americans (N = 7,884; 52% women; age, M = 47.9, SD = 16), nonattachment was positively related to all 5 aspects of mindfulness. Structural equation mode...
Research Interests: Psychology, Psychological Assessment, Psychometrics, Mindfulness, Medicine, and 15 moreAcceptance and Commitment Therapy, Humans, Business and Management, Mindfulness and well being, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Psychological Tests, Adult, Life Effectiveness, Cross Sectional Studies, Personal Satisfaction, Object Attachment, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, and Nonattachment
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Research Interests: Nutrition and Dietetics, Physical Activity, Community Health, Medicine, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and 9 moreWeight Loss, Public health systems and services research, HEALTH SERVICE, Weight Control, Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Behavioural Research, Food Sciences, ACT Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Guidance and Counseling Intervention Programs
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Objectives: The coaching relationship has been described as the catalyst for change. This study explores the coaching relationship by comparing the working alliance and the ‘real relationship’ – the undistorted and authentic experience of... more
Objectives: The coaching relationship has been described as the catalyst for change. This study explores the coaching relationship by comparing the working alliance and the ‘real relationship’ – the undistorted and authentic experience of the other – in participants in skills coaching and transformational coaching. Design: A 2 (coaching condition) x 2 (time) factorial design was used. Method: Staff from community psychiatric recovery services were trained in a new service delivery approach (Collaborative Recovery Model), followed by coaching from internal coaches once per month to enhance implementation of the training. All trained staff were invited to participate in the research. Forty coachees met the requirements for inclusion in the study (>=3 coaching sessions in six months). Coaches completed a coaching alliance measure after each session. Coachees completed measures of working alliance and real relationship after six months of coaching. Results: Analyses indicated that th...
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Many have wondered if there is a key ingredient to living a full and happy life. For decades now, scientists and psychologists alike have been studying the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. The... more
Many have wondered if there is a key ingredient to living a full and happy life. For decades now, scientists and psychologists alike have been studying the strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive. The positive psychology movement was founded on the belief that people want to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives, to cultivate what is best within themselves, and to enhance their experiences of love, work, and play. At the same time, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)—a mindfulness-based, values-oriented behavioral therapy that has many parallels to Buddhism, yet is not religious in any way—has been focused on helping people achieve their greatest human potential. Created only years apart, ACT and positive psychology both promote human flourishing, and they often share overlapping themes and applications, particularly when it comes to setting goals, psychological strengths, mindfulness, and the clarification of what matters most—our values and our search for meaning in life. Despite these similarities, however, the two different therapeutic models are rarely discussed in relation to one another. What if unifying these theories could lead to faster, more profound and enduring improvements to the human condition