Trait

Fifty-two Israeli university students (81% women) reported their current academic and life routine procrastination. Their parents reported on their own academic procrastination when they were in school, and their own current life routine procrastination. Both students and parents reported on the parents' involvement in academic and life routine tasks when the students were younger. Findings confirm that avoidant procrastination is a generalized behavioral disposition to postpone doing things across academic assignments and non-academic life routines, and are consistent with an appraisal-anxiety-avoidance model of procrastination. Parents were more involved in regulating their children's behavior at home than at school. Mothers were more involved than fathers and their involvement was associated with their adult children procrastinating less in life routines. The absence of any relationship between parental involvement scores reported by parents and their adult children raises serious questions about research studies that assume equivalence of children's perceptions of parental behavior and the behavior in question.

Emotional Intelligence can be measured either as an ability, based on maximum performance tests or as a trait, based on self-perception tests. A lot of academic, professional and behavioural attributes have been studied in relation to EI and research has shown that trait EI is better correlated with health outcomes than ability EI. Health behaviour is an understudied subject that has been shown to be linked with EI. The present study evaluated the correlation of EI, measured both by an ability and a trait measure among one hundred nineteen employees of the Indian pharmaceutical industry with health behaviour, as measured by Vickers health behavioural checklist, and to assess the role of age in association with these parameters. Trait EI, as measured by Schutte self-report test, was found to be better correlated with health behaviour than ability EI, as measured by an Indian scale by Chadha and Singh. Further, trait EI was found to be predictive of health behaviour. Age was positivel...

Question: What plant properties might define plant functional types (PFTs) for the analysis of global vegetation responses to climate change, and what aspects of the physical environment might be expected to predict the distributions of PFTs?Methods: We review principles to explain the distribution of key plant traits as a function of bioclimatic variables. We focus on those whole-plant and leaf traits that are commonly used to define biomes and PFTs in global maps and models.Results: Raunkiær's plant life forms (underlying most later classifications) describe different adaptive strategies for surviving low temperature or drought, while satisfying requirements for reproduction and growth. Simple conceptual models and published observations are used to quantify the adaptive significance of leaf size for temperature regulation, leaf consistency for maintaining transpiration under drought, and phenology for the optimization of annual carbon balance. A new compilation of experimental data supports the functional definition of tropical, warm-temperate, temperate and boreal phanerophytes based on mechanisms for withstanding low temperature extremes. Chilling requirements are less well quantified, but are a necessary adjunct to cold tolerance. Functional traits generally confer both advantages and restrictions; the existence of trade-offs contributes to the diversity of plants along bioclimatic gradients.Conclusions: Quantitative analysis of plant trait distributions against bioclimatic variables is becoming possible; this opens up new opportunities for PFT classification. A PFT classification based on bioclimatic responses will need to be enhanced by information on traits related to competition, successional dynamics and disturbance.

This is the universal and scientific truth that males and females are different in the biological aspect, but psychology proves through empirical researches, that they are different in psychological aspects too. The present research reveals that both gender (males and females) are differ in their personality traits. The sample comprised of 165 adolescence and early adults, their education is above the 12th standard, and the age range was between 17-26 years. To assess the personality traits of adolescence NEO-FFI by McCrae and Costa (1992) was used. T-test as used as a statistical tool. The finding reveals that there is a difference between males and females on the dimensions of big-five personality traits.

Preparing the students to become valuable contributors and assets of their respective workplaces in the future is the general consideration of this study. Descriptive type of research was utilized in the study. Result showed that high performing students have significantly higher persistence in doing their work and they have significantly higher expectations of positive effect from achievement – oriented activity than those low performing students. Numerical computation, verbal ability, perseverance, affective and purposive traits are significantly related to the academic performance of the first year computer engineering students. Verbal ability, affective trait and numerical computation are the predictors of the academic performance with 49 percent likelihood.

... some time that defining assemblages of plants in terms of functional plant characteristics, rather ... display such extreme phenotypic plasticity and wide ecological amplitude that classifications are pointless ... Woodward & Cramer,z 1996) to classify hydrophytes into groups of plants ...

IntroductionSoccer is one of the most popular sports of all time. For instance; In Brazil whose population is over 180 million, there are more than 30 million recreational soccer players thus making this sport a national phenomenon (Bloomfield, PolmanO it's a phenomenon that can even express our sadness and / or happiness (KuruV each player should be trained not only for conditional attributes like endurance, strength, speed or agility but also should be trained technically and tactically. In accordance with that, each player should have different physical, physiological and psychological attributes depending on his/her playing position (Akin, Kireker & Koklu, 2009).It has been showed in various studies that soccer players have different physical, physiological or anthropometrical attributes depending on their playing positions (Bloomfield, Polman & O'Donoghue, 2007; Hazir, 2010; Koklu, Ozkan, AlemdarogluE Batigun H Arkar, Sari&Fidaner,2004).Anger is a kind of excitement whi...

This study examined the information literacy level among secondary school students in Ilorin.
This study adopted the disproportionate stratified random sampling techniques. The total
population for this study 1958 students. The data for the study was collected through structured
questionnaires which were distributed randomly to 210 students. However, only 192 copies of
the questionnaire were properly filled and returned for analysis and thus form the basis as
sample for this study (N=192). The findings of the study revealed that more than half of the
respondents can identify lack of knowledge in a subject area. The study also revealed that
majority of the respondents can articulate current knowledge on a topic. Furthermore, it also
revealed that a large number of the respondents cannot identify specialist search tools. Also,
from the study, it was revealed that noteworthy numbers of the respondents do not use Boolean
operators in their search for information. Conclusively, the study shows that information literacy
skills are essential for every human being because information is vital to everyone and every
walk of life. It was recommended that policy makers in education sector should try and introduce
information literacy skills as a subject in the secondary school curriculum so as to ensure that
the students have the necessary information literacy skills rather than developing these skills
through self-education. It was also recommended that teachers that have skills in information
literacy skills should be employed as the facilitators in this subject.

... some time that defining assemblages of plants in terms of functional plant characteristics, rather ... display such extreme phenotypic plasticity and wide ecological amplitude that classifications are pointless ... Woodward & Cramer,z 1996) to classify hydrophytes into groups of plants ...

The present study focused on the relationship between trait mindfulness and the outcome component of performance, evaluated with objective indicators. In particular, four objective performance indicators were studied: accuracy, reaction time, variability in reaction times, and detection of unexpected stimuli. Because attention and awareness have been described as core components of mindfulness, and previous research suggests that mindfulness is associated with improved attention skills, this study predicted that trait mindfulness would be positively related to objective indicators of high performance (accuracy, detection of unexpected stimuli) and negatively related to objective indicators of low performance (reaction time, variability in reaction time), on an attention task. Moreover, the study predicted that the relationship between trait mindfulness and objective performance would be modulated by task complexity. University students (139) completed mindfulness, intelligence, and ...

This study uses longitudinal panel data and short-term retest data from the same respondents in the German Socio-economic Panel to estimate the contribution of state and trait variance to the reliable variance in judgments of life satisfaction and domain satisfaction. The key finding is that state and trait variance contribute approximately equally to the reliable variance in well being measures. Most of the occasion specific variance is random measurement error, although occasion-specific variation in state variance makes a reliable contribution for some measures. Moreover, the study shows high similarity in life satisfaction and average domain satisfaction for the stable trait component (r = .97), indicating that these two measures are influenced by the same stable dispositions. In contrast, state variance of the two measures is distinct, although still highly correlated (r = .77). Error variances of the two measures are only weakly correlated, indicating that most of the error component is indeed due to random measurement error.

Measurement: Composite clinical rank order on iden-tity diffusion vs identity integrity, measuring continuity vs discontinuity of past, present and future; integra-tion vs lack of integration in inter-personal and work relationships; inte-gration vs lack of integration of the total personality; and effectiveness vs ineffectiviness in self-definition and achievement of ends. The criteria were largely based on Erikson's discussion of identity.(See also under'Erikson's Stages of Psychol-social Development'; P 1.4. 1).

Bioturbation, the biogenic modification of sediments through particle reworking and burrow ventilation, is a key mediator of many important geochemical processes in marine systems. In situ quantification of bioturbation can be achieved in a myriad of ways, requiring expert knowledge, technology, and resources not always available, and not feasible in some settings. Where dedicated research programmes do not exist, a practical alternative is the adoption of a trait-based approach to estimate community bioturbation potential (BPc). This index can be calculated from inventories of species, abundance and biomass data (routinely available for many systems), and a functional classification of organism traits associated with sediment mixing (less available). Presently, however, there is no agreed standard categorization for the reworking mode and mobility of benthic species. Based on information from the literature and expert opinion, we provide a functional classification for 1033 benthic invertebrate species from the northwest European continental shelf, as a tool to enable the standardized calculation of BPc in the region. Future uses of this classification table will increase the comparability and utility of large-scale assessments of ecosystem processes and functioning influenced by bioturbation (e.g., to support legislation). The key strengths, assumptions, and limitations of BPc as a metric are critically reviewed, offering guidelines for its calculation and application.

The multiaxial nature of DSM-III has stimulated interest in the personality disorders. There are also indications that it has produced an increase in their diagnosis. However, there is clinical and psychometric evidence that a personality evaluation undertaken while a patient is in a dysphoric mental state may distort or misrepresent traits, the so-called trait-state problem in personality assessment. The present study appears to be the first to investigate this phenomenon with a clinical interview rather than with personality tests. It examined the effect of anxiety, depression, and level of global impairment on the diagnosis of personality disorder and the assessment of the criteria for the individual Axis II disorders. Eighty-four patients, most of whom had current Axis I diagnoses, were evaluated by seven experienced clinicians with a new semistructured interview, the Personality Disorder Examination. The sample evidenced a trend toward acknowledging fewer maladaptive personality traits at follow-up than at entry. There was no evidence, however, that anxiety or depression had affected either the diagnosis of a personality disorder or the criteria associated with most of the individual personality disorders.

This study set out to create measures of the five personality disorder trait domains outlined in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) from the Personality Assessment Inventory items (Morey, 2007). Rasch rating scale model analyses and classical test theory analyses were applied to existing data sets (N = 3,877; community, clinical, offender, college) to identify relevant items. Five scales were created that had acceptable unidimensionality and generally conformed to Rasch model expectations. The ability of the items to cover the underlying construct and their differential item function by sex were acceptable, though a few of the proposed scales had weaknesses in these areas. Internal consistency was acceptable for all scales and the factor structure was generally consistent with expectations, but some scales had concerning cross-loadings. Preliminary analyses demonstrated validity of the scal...

Previous work on trait perception has evaluated accuracy at discrete stages of relationships (e.g., strangers, best friends). A relatively limited body of literature has investigated changes in accuracy as acquaintance within a dyad or group increases. Small groups of initially unacquainted individuals spent more than 30 hr participating in a wide range of activities designed to represent common interpersonal contexts (e.g., eating, traveling). We calculated how accurately each participant judged others in their group on the big five traits across three distinct points within the acquaintance process: zero acquaintance, after a getting-to-know-you conversation, and after 10 weeks of interaction and activity. Judgments of all five traits exhibited accuracy above chance levels after 10 weeks. An examination of the trait rating stability revealed that much of the revision in judgments occurred not over the course of the 10-week relationship as suspected, but between zero acquaintance a...

Im Zentrum dieser Arbeit stehen multiple Ziele als Merkmale zur Erfassung aktueller sowie uberdauernder Motivation. Im Unterricht sind sowohl auf Kompetenzerwerb gerichtete Ziele als auch Ziele, die dem Wohlbefinden dienen, valent. Zur Kategorie der Wohlbefindensziele zahlt das Bestreben, mit Mitschulern zu kommunizieren (Affiliationsziel) und moglichst wenig arbeiten zu mussen (Arbeitsvermeidungsziel). Zur Kategorie kompetenzbezogener Ziele gehort das Bestreben, eigene Fahigkeiten erweitern zu wollen (Lernziel), sowie bessere Leistungen als andere erreichen (Annaherungs-Leistungsziel) bzw. schlechte Leistungen gegenuber anderen verbergen zu wollen (Vermeidungs-Leistungsziel). Bisher ist unklar, ob man Ziele als uberdauernde Trait- oder situationsabhangige State-Merkmale konzipieren sollte. Mit dieser Arbeit werden beide Aspekte differentiell konzeptualisiert und deren Zusammenhang in zwei Studien untersucht. Fraglich ist daruber hinaus, wie State-Ziele entstehen. Aus verschiedenen ...