This document discusses static and current electricity. It covers topics like what causes static electricity, the structure of atoms and how gaining or losing electrons leads to positive or negative charges. It also discusses how static electricity acts as a force between charged objects. The document then covers current electricity, defining concepts like circuits, voltage, current and resistance. It introduces Ohm's law and shows how voltage, current and resistance are directly proportional in a circuit.
This document discusses static and current electricity. It covers topics like what causes static electricity, the structure of atoms and how gaining or losing electrons leads to positive or negative charges. It also discusses how static electricity acts as a force between charged objects. The document then covers current electricity, defining concepts like circuits, voltage, current and resistance. It introduces Ohm's law and shows how voltage, current and resistance are directly proportional in a circuit.
This document discusses static and current electricity. It covers topics like what causes static electricity, the structure of atoms and how gaining or losing electrons leads to positive or negative charges. It also discusses how static electricity acts as a force between charged objects. The document then covers current electricity, defining concepts like circuits, voltage, current and resistance. It introduces Ohm's law and shows how voltage, current and resistance are directly proportional in a circuit.
This document discusses static and current electricity. It covers topics like what causes static electricity, the structure of atoms and how gaining or losing electrons leads to positive or negative charges. It also discusses how static electricity acts as a force between charged objects. The document then covers current electricity, defining concepts like circuits, voltage, current and resistance. It introduces Ohm's law and shows how voltage, current and resistance are directly proportional in a circuit.
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 68
Third Year Science
Static and Current Electricity
In this topic: • Static electricity • What is charge? • Static electricity as a force • Earthing • Lightning • Insulators and Conductors • Electrical circuits • Ohm’s Law Let’s make some static! Static Electricity • What causes static electricity? The Atom • Nucleus = centre of the atom • Neutrons = neutral (no charge) • Protons = positive charge • Electrons = negative charge The Atom Number of Number of • Normal atoms: protons electrons
Neutral charge The Atom Number of Number of • Too many protons: protons electrons
Positive charge The Atom Number of Number of • Too many electrons: protons electrons
Negative charge Electrons and Electricity • The Electron is responsible for almost all of electricity What is charge? Charge: the overall charge on a body when electrons are added or removed
Am I charged? +-+- +4 -4 =0 +-+- Uncharged What is charge? Losing an electron causes a positive charge
Am I charged? -++- +4 - 3 = +1 +-+ Positive charge What is charge? Gaining an electron causes a negative charge
Am I charged? +-+-- +4 - 5 = -1 +-+- Negative charge Is Static Electricity a force? Force: causes a stationary E object to move Is Static Electricity a force? Force: causes a stationary E object to move
YES!
Static Electricity is a Force
Demonstrating force between charged objects Opposite charges attract each other
Like charges repel each other So what is static electricity? Static electricity: an imbalance of positive and negative charges
• As soon as it can, the object will discharge to
go back to neutral or uncharged • This can produce a ‘spark’ or a ‘shock’ Earthing Earthing Earthing: when excess electrons are allowed to flow into the earth
• Earthing removes charge from a charged
object Earthing Earthing: when excess electrons are allowed to flow into the earth
• This is designed for safety
Lightning damage • Lightning can damage buildings • The electricity travels through the walls to the earth Lightning Rods • Made of good conducting metals (e.g. copper) • Lightning goes through the conductor to earth • The building is safe Insulators and Conductors Plastic Biro Paper pieces ATTRACTS
Metal Pen Paper pieces
NO EFFECT Insulators and Conductors Insulator: a material through which charge cannot flow
• The plastic biro was charged by rubbing it
• It stayed charged because it is an insulator • The charge couldn’t flow out of the plastic Insulators and Conductors Conductor: a material through which charge can flow
• The metal pen was charged by rubbing
• The charge immediately flowed out of it • No charge left to attract the paper CURRENT ELECTRICITY What is an electrical circuit? What is an electrical circuit? • It’s a way of getting electrons to do a job safely What is an electrical circuit? • Electrons are stored in batteries and can move in wires
• When electrons pass
through wires they heat up. • This causes light to be radiated by the bulbs What is an electrical circuit? Water always moves from high to low
As the water falls
from the high ground to the low ground it loses some of its potential energy What is an electrical circuit? High potential • Electrons always move from high to low potential
low potential What is an electrical circuit? • Electrons always move from high to low potential
As the electrons pass through the bulb wires they loose some of their potential energy and eventually the battery run out!! Rules for a Circuit 1. Electron source (a battery) Rules for a Circuit 1. Electron source (a battery) 2. Path for them to move through i.e. A wire (conductor) Rules for a Circuit 1. Electron source (a battery) 2. Path for them to move through i.e. A wire (conductor) 3. Continuity, the path must be continuous Insulators and Conductors • Can you remember? Insulator: a material through which charge cannot flow
Conductor: a material through
which charge can flow Which one will light the bulb?
Any predictions? Which one will light the bulb?
Did it light? Which one light the bulb?
Any predictions? Which one light the bulb?
Did it light? Lab activity 29 (page 75) To distinguish between Insulators and Conductors Q2 (a) • Name 4 possible conductors
you can test your items from Q2(a)? Q2 (b) Types of circuit Series Circuit This is when the parts of the circuit are connected like this...
‘Hand in hand’ Types of circuit Series Circuit If one bulb blows, the other won’t get any electrons Remember: electrons can’t jump through empty space Types of circuit Parallel Circuit This is when the components of the circuit are connected like this...
‘one on top of each
other’ Types of circuit Parallel Circuit If one blows the other will still get electrons!! Voltage Voltage: the potential a battery has to do work
• A flat battery will read 0 volts
Current
What is current? Current Current: a measure of how many electrons move past a point in 1 second Current Current: a measure of how many electrons move past a point in 1 second
• Too many electrons per
second can be Bad!!! Current Current: a measure of how many electrons move past a point in 1 second
• Too many electrons per
second can be Bad!!! Unit of current AMPERES or Amps (A) Resistance Resistance: a measure of how good a material is at stopping electrons
Unit of resistance OHMS (Ω) Resistors Good Resistors • Insulators are good resistors • They have high resistance value
Bad Resistors • Conductors are good resistors • They have low resistance value Symbols Used in Electricity Is there a relationship between the speed of water falling through a pipe and the height of the pipe? Is there a relationship between the current of electrons in a circuit and the voltage of the battery? Ohm’s Law Ohm’s Law: voltage is directly proportional to current
V I R Ohm’s Law • Another way to state Ohm’s law is: Potential (volts) equals current (amps) times the load (ohms). • In a basic circuit, one of the three values can be calculated from the other two. Ohm’s Law The most important electronics equation:
V = voltage (Volts) V = I×R
I = current (Amps) R = resistance (Ohms) V I R Lab activity 30 (page 76) To set up a simple electric circuit to measure and show the relationship between current, voltage and resistance Ohm’s Law Circuit Diagram Voltage (V) Drawing our Graph
This is a directly proportional relationship
(0, 0) Current (A)
Definition How is it formed?
Static Force Earthing between Electricity charged objects
Lightning & Conductor Insulator
lightning rods Current: Voltage: Rules for a • Definition • Definition circuit • Units • Units
Conductors Current & insulators Electricity in a circuit
Resistance: Ohm’s Law: • Definition • Definition Types of • Units • Equation circuit • Examples of • Graph resistors Chapter 42: STATIC & CURRENT ELECTRICITY DONE!!
