1) Force causes objects to move, change speed or direction. It is measured in Newtons. Common types of force include gravity, magnetism, electricity, and friction.
2) Friction occurs between surfaces in contact and can have advantages like stopping cars from skidding, but also disadvantages like wearing out shoes. Lubricants can reduce friction.
3) Hooke's law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the applied force. It defines the relationship between force and spring stretch.
1) Force causes objects to move, change speed or direction. It is measured in Newtons. Common types of force include gravity, magnetism, electricity, and friction.
2) Friction occurs between surfaces in contact and can have advantages like stopping cars from skidding, but also disadvantages like wearing out shoes. Lubricants can reduce friction.
3) Hooke's law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the applied force. It defines the relationship between force and spring stretch.
1) Force causes objects to move, change speed or direction. It is measured in Newtons. Common types of force include gravity, magnetism, electricity, and friction.
2) Friction occurs between surfaces in contact and can have advantages like stopping cars from skidding, but also disadvantages like wearing out shoes. Lubricants can reduce friction.
3) Hooke's law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the applied force. It defines the relationship between force and spring stretch.
1) Force causes objects to move, change speed or direction. It is measured in Newtons. Common types of force include gravity, magnetism, electricity, and friction.
2) Friction occurs between surfaces in contact and can have advantages like stopping cars from skidding, but also disadvantages like wearing out shoes. Lubricants can reduce friction.
3) Hooke's law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the applied force. It defines the relationship between force and spring stretch.
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Second Year Science
Force Force Stationary: not moving E
E move • Also causes a moving object to: Sir Isaac Newton – Move more quickly – Move more slowly – Change direction • Unit: Newton (N) Types of force 1. Gravity: the pull of the earth on objects. E.g. an apple falling.
2. Magnetic force: attracts metal
objects. Some magnets may force each other apart too (repel). Types of force 3. Electric force: or “static” force. E.g. rubbing a balloon on your jumper and it sticks to a wall.
4. Force of friction: E.g.
brakes. Friction between the wheel and the brake Types of force 5. Upward thrust: E.g. how a floating object pushes up through water if you try to submerge it. Friction • All surfaces are rough (even Glass under microscope though they don’t seem to be) • The rough surfaces cause the force of friction • Greater roughness = greater friction
E motion Advantages of friction Driving • Stops car from skidding and sliding
Braking • Friction between brake pad and the wheel stops bicycles Carpentry • Holds nails in wood. They would slide out without friction. Disadvantages of friction Blisters • from shoes rubbing your feet Costs fuel • Friction between the car and air requires energy to overcome.
Wears out shoes
• Friction between shoes and the ground means they wear out Reducing the force of friction • Smoothing surfaces (polishing) – but no surface is perfectly smooth • Use a special material to reduce friction
Lubricant: Used E to reduce friction between two surfaces in contact.
• Examples: oil, liquid polish, soap
Investigating friction in the lab Equipment • Spring balance (reading N) • Blocks of wood • Sandpaper • Wood polish Weight vs. Mass Weight of an objectE = the size of the force of gravity acting on it • Units: Newtons (N)
Mass of an objectE= the quantity of
matter in it • Units: kilograms (kg) THE MASS OF AN OBJECT IS THE SAME WHEREVER IT IS….BUT ITS WEIGHT DEPENDS ON GRAVITY
Weight Mass 10 (N) (kg) How do we draw a graph?
A B 0 0 B 1 5 2 10 3 15 4 20 5 25 (0, 0) A OP6: Investigating the relationship between the extension of a spring and the applied force
• Worksheet to convert: – mass (g) to mass (kg) – mass (kg) to weight (N) • GRAPH: relationship b/t weight (N) & spring extension (cm) • Any pattern? Robert Hooke HOOKE’S LAW The extension of an elastic body (a spring) is directly proportional to the force causing the extension
BUT: • Put too much force on a spring and it breaks • It exceeds its elasticity • Then Hooke’s law is invalid Hooke’s Law BUT: • Put too much force on a spring and it breaks • It exceeds its elasticity • Then Hooke’s law is invalid Proportional E another quantity
A B 0 0 8 1 2 6 2 4 B 4 3 6 2 4 8 0 1 2 3 4 A Proportional E another quantity
X Y 0 0 8 2 5 6 4 10 4 6 15 2 8 20 0 5 10 15 20 NOT Proportional • Because it does not pass through (0,0) • However, it is a linear relationship
C D 20 0 4 16 3 8 12 6 12 D 8 9 16 4 12 20 0 3 6 9 12 C Definition Units
Hooke’s Types of force
law FORCE • Examples
Weight Friction • Definition • Definition • Different to mass • Advantages • Units • Disadvantages • How to reduce it Chapter 34: FORCE DONE!!
