Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines at extremely high speeds. When light encounters an object that it cannot pass through, it forms shadows. Objects that produce their own light, like the sun or light bulbs, are luminous, while objects that only reflect light, like people or books, are non-luminous. Light reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them, which is the principle behind mirrors and periscopes. When light passes from one medium to another, like from air to glass, it bends or refracts due to changes in speed. Refraction is used in lenses, prisms, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. White light is a mixture of colors
Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines at extremely high speeds. When light encounters an object that it cannot pass through, it forms shadows. Objects that produce their own light, like the sun or light bulbs, are luminous, while objects that only reflect light, like people or books, are non-luminous. Light reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them, which is the principle behind mirrors and periscopes. When light passes from one medium to another, like from air to glass, it bends or refracts due to changes in speed. Refraction is used in lenses, prisms, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. White light is a mixture of colors
Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines at extremely high speeds. When light encounters an object that it cannot pass through, it forms shadows. Objects that produce their own light, like the sun or light bulbs, are luminous, while objects that only reflect light, like people or books, are non-luminous. Light reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them, which is the principle behind mirrors and periscopes. When light passes from one medium to another, like from air to glass, it bends or refracts due to changes in speed. Refraction is used in lenses, prisms, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. White light is a mixture of colors
Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines at extremely high speeds. When light encounters an object that it cannot pass through, it forms shadows. Objects that produce their own light, like the sun or light bulbs, are luminous, while objects that only reflect light, like people or books, are non-luminous. Light reflects off surfaces at the same angle it hits them, which is the principle behind mirrors and periscopes. When light passes from one medium to another, like from air to glass, it bends or refracts due to changes in speed. Refraction is used in lenses, prisms, and optical instruments like microscopes and telescopes. White light is a mixture of colors
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 34
Second Year Science
Light In this topic: • Light as a form of energy • Speed of light • Light travels in straight lines • Shadows • Luminous and non-luminous • Reflection • Refraction • Light dispersion Light is a form of energy Energy: the ability E to do work
Work = moving an object
So………..
Energy = the ability to make things move
The Sun • Our primary source of energy
Plants Heat trapped Animals below surface Weather of the earth conditions Food
Wind, tidal & Geothermal
Fossil solar energy energy fuels Speed of light • Light travels REALLY fast
• Speed of light = 3 x 108 ms-1
• = 300, 000, 000 metres in one second!
OP34: To show that light travels in straight lines • Pieces of wood with holes in them • 3 stands and clamps • 1 light box • String Shadows: why are they formed? • Light travels in straight lines • Light can’t pass through some materials • When light can’t get through, it’s blocked: forms a shadow! Lunar eclipse Solar eclipse Luminous Luminous object: E an object that makes and gives out its own light
Examples • Sun • Filament in a light bulb • Candle flame Bioluminescence Bioluminescence Non-luminous Non-luminous object: E reflects light from another source
Examples • People • Books • Roads 1. Light shines on an object 2. Light reflects off of the object and enters our eyes 3. We see the REFLECTED LIGHT Light reflection • Light reflection is when light bounces off an object • We will focus on FLAT SURFACES
Plane mirror = flat E surfaced mirror
OP38a: Investigating light reflected by a plane mirror • Set up equipment
• Draw dots along lines
of light • Trace lines
• Draw a line at 90 ° to the mirror • Measure: – Angle of incidence – Angle of reflection OP38b: Making a periscope • Retort stand • 2 clamps • 2 mirrors • Piece of paper with ‘Periscope’ written on it Refraction Refraction: the bending E of light as it passes from one medium to another To show refraction through a glass block Refraction of light through a lens • We will look at two lens types:
1. Concave Lens • Shaped with sides curving INWARDS • Like a cave! Refraction of light through a lens Light DIVERGES (moves apart) when it passes through a concave lens Refraction of light through a lens
2. Convex lens
• Shaped with sides
curving OUTWARDS Refraction of light through a lens Light CONVERGES (comes together) when it passes through a convex lens Uses of light refraction TELESCOPES Uses of light refraction Microscope Glasses & contact lenses Magnifying glass • Convex lens • Creates a virtual image • Our brain sees a magnified image Light dispersion • Light from bulbs, sun etc. = white light White light = MIXTURE of coloured lights
• Sometimes the mixture gets separated
Example: • Rainbow • Reflections from a CD Dispersion of light and spectrum of white light • Place prism and ray box on a sheet of white paper • Aim the light ray through the prism • Observe the result • Identify the colours Light spectrum colours
