This document provides an overview of states of matter including solids, liquids, and gases. It discusses their properties such as structure, ability to flow, and ability to be compressed. It also covers changes in state through melting, evaporation, condensation, and freezing. Experiments are described to observe these changes including using a Bunsen burner and observing diffusion.
This document provides an overview of states of matter including solids, liquids, and gases. It discusses their properties such as structure, ability to flow, and ability to be compressed. It also covers changes in state through melting, evaporation, condensation, and freezing. Experiments are described to observe these changes including using a Bunsen burner and observing diffusion.
This document provides an overview of states of matter including solids, liquids, and gases. It discusses their properties such as structure, ability to flow, and ability to be compressed. It also covers changes in state through melting, evaporation, condensation, and freezing. Experiments are described to observe these changes including using a Bunsen burner and observing diffusion.
This document provides an overview of states of matter including solids, liquids, and gases. It discusses their properties such as structure, ability to flow, and ability to be compressed. It also covers changes in state through melting, evaporation, condensation, and freezing. Experiments are described to observe these changes including using a Bunsen burner and observing diffusion.
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First Year Science
States of Matter In this topic: • Properties of solids, liquids and gases • Using a Bunsen burner • Changing states: – Melting – Condensation – Evaporation • Diffusion States of Matter • Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass • 3 main states: 1. Solid 2. Liquid 3. Gas Properties of the states • What do I mean by “Properties”? • The qualities that make an object what it is – What it looks like – What it is made of – What it feels like – What it can do – …….. What are they made of? • All matter is made up of tiny particles • Known as ATOMS • Groups of atoms join to form MOLECULES • Would need a really really powerful microscope to see them Solids • Molecules packed closely together • Lattice structure
• Doesn’t flow
• Can’t be compressed • Strong structure Investigating properties of Solids • Can you compress it or make it smaller? • Can you pour it or make it flow? Liquids • Weaker bonds between molecules • More freedom to move & slide
• Flows • Take shape of what they are put into • Can’t be compressed Investigating properties of Liquids • Does the water flow? • Does it change shape?
• Does it change volume?
• Can we compress it?
Gas • Very weak bonds between molecules
• Complete freedom to move
• Move very fast • Flows • Moves to fill space • Can be compressed Investigating properties of gases • Does the gas flow? • Does it change shape?
• Can we compress it? Summary SOLID LIQUID GAS
Definiteshape Nodefinite Nodefinite
shape shape Definitevolume Definitevolume Nodefinite volume Can’tbe Can’tbe Canbe compressed compressed compressed Cannotflow Canflow Canflow Bunsen Burner How to light a bunsen burner 1. Put on safety glasses and tie back hair 2. Plug into gas supply 3. Make sure the air hole is fully closed 4. Light match 5. Partner turn on gas 6. Pass lighter or match slowly over top of bunsen burner Bunsen Burner 3 different flames: 1. Yellow safety flame 2. Quiet blue 3. Loud blue Safety first…..
• No faces or arms near top of bunsen burner
• Leave on yellow “safety flame” when not in use • Use tongs and test tube holders for hot equipment • Don’t heat an empty glass object Bunsen Burner: hottest part of flame Matter can change states
• We know that water can be:
– solid (ICE), – liquid (WATER) and – gas (STEAM) Melting Melting: the changing of a solid to a liquid Melting point Melting point: the temperature when a solid turns into a liquid • Melting point of water = 0 °C • Melting point of alcohol = -114 °C Evaporation Evaporation: the changing of a liquid to a gas • Can be through boiling • Or from heat from the sun Boiling Boiling point: the temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas through the liquid • Boiling point of water = 100 °C • Boiling point of alcohol = 78.5 °C Condensation Condensation: the changing of a gas into a liquid Freezing or solidification
Freezing/solidifying: the changing of a
liquid to a solid • Freezing point of water: 0 °C • Freezing point of alcohol: -114.6 °C Activity 2: Changes of state Activity 2: Part 1 1. What happens to the ice? 2. What do we call this? Continue heating until it bubbles 3. What does the water turn into? 4. What is the name of this change? • Hold a dry test tube above the beaker • Observe for about 20 seconds
5. What has formed on
the test tube? 6. What do we call this change? Part 2 • Keep hot water • DO NOT LET BOIL DRY • Place a test tube with some wax into the hot water 7. What change occurs? 8. To what state does it change? • Turn off bunsen burner • Use test tube holder • Place hot test tube into the test tube rack • Leave for a while
9. What does it change to?
Changing states
1. Solid Liquid MELTING
2. Liquid Gas EVAPORATION
3. Gas Liquid CONDENSATION
FREEZING / 4. Liquid Solid SOLIDIFICATION What is Diffusion? Diffusion: the way in which particles in gases and liquids spread out • Move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration Can you explain why…. 1. Diffusion occurs both in liquids and gases but hardly at all in solids?
2. Diffusion happens more quickly for gases
than for liquids. Chapter 17: Solids, Liquids and Gases DONE!!
