‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 1432
( ‫) ﻧﺴﺨﺔ أوﻟﻴﺔ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬


 

 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬??‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 K
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
  
   ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬ K4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ واﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KEF‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
OMAW‫א‬‫א‬ •
SMAW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
GMAW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 GTAW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

-1-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬_1
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬ J5
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J6
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J7
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J8
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J9
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
E1‫א‬FE v FK{
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 
 E1F‫א‬

-2-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،
 
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E T F‫א‬{‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E V F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

-3-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

-4-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 OMAW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 KE2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J1
 KE2F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J5
 E3F
 
 
 

3 2
-5-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
KC+2H+O22‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬CO+H2 2C+H2+O22W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 CO+H2+1.502 2CO+H2O2
‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

   
E4F  

-6-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K3100‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬E2200F
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬3200 J3100‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬1000
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2000E‫א‬
 K4‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬10 J2‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E5F‫א‬‫א‬E12 J6F‫א‬

-7-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



E5F
  
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE6F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
E6F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K7‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
E7F  
-8-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5F‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E0
 K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE8F‫א‬‫ א‬T‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 

E8F 

-9-
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬13W2
 KE9F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
E9F   
 
 W
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 KE10F‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
E10F 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE11F‫א‬‫א‬

- 10 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E11F 
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬W
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 KE12F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E12F  

- 11 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KE13F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
E13F 

- 12 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 WE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K14‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

E14F

- 13 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ J
 KEF J
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬EGRF‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬EGF
 KERF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 1600 J1400 ‫א‬
0.15‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 1300–1100
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

 660 ‫א‬
‫א‬

 920 J880 ‫א‬
٪، J٪20
 

- 14 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬ J2
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬
 EBRF‫א‬ J1
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬EBF
،،،F‫א‬ERF
 KE
 WEsF‫א‬‫א‬ J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EsF‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
٪60‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 920
‫א‬‫א‬٪40– ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
900
٪90.25–٪60 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
740  ٪32–٪38 ‫א‬‫א‬
٪30 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
260
530–٪70 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

- 15 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 EFF‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬
–‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 KE‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE15F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E15F

- 16 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 SMAW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬–‫א‬F‫א‬
 E‫א‬
A.C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 
 W J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬DCE JHF
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬A.CKWE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

- 17 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



100120‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF5060‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E16F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W
H Z F60EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬380220110‫א‬E60
K‫א‬

 
(16) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 
 
 
 

- 18 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 K‫א‬KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W60‫א‬E JF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EHF‫א‬
 E17F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬٪25W40‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪75
 

(17) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬
 
 
 

 
 
 

- 19 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬KKK‫א‬‫א‬EFEF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
:‫ ﺻﻔﺎت وﺧﻮاص اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻷﺳﺎس‬-1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
: ( ‫ وﺿﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ ) اﻟﺸﻐﻠﺔ‬-2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 K
: ‫ ﻧﻤﻂ ﺷﻜﻞ وﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬-3
‫א‬‫א‬ET‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



  ‫א‬E6011E6010 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K E6010‫א‬E7014E6014 E6013E6012‫א‬‫א‬
:‫ آﻤﻴﺔ ) ﺣﺠﻢ( ﻣﻌﺪن اﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬-4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
: ‫ ﻣﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ ﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺸﺪ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬-5
E6010‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L60.000
: ‫ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻴﺎر اﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬-6
EACF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EDCF
 K‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

- 21 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E18F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E18F

 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 E19F‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



- 22 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E20F‫א‬‫א‬KETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E90F‫א‬

E20F 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E21F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E21F

- 23 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 24 -
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 GMAW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬E22F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 

 
 
 E22F
 

 J25 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 
K‫א‬E23F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E23F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE2524‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 E24F

 J26 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
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 
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 ‫א‬E25F
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 J27 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬W ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E26F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F
،‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 E26F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E26F 

 J28 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



3.000‫א‬330‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬L‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E27F‫א‬K
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‫א‬  ‫א‬  K‫א‬      ‫א‬  
E20 J15F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J29 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬W 
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‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
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K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

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 

 J30 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 GTAW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J5
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEDC-FL‫א‬‫ א‬K1
.EDC+FL‫א‬‫ א‬.2
KEACF‫א‬‫ א‬K3
 W
 EDC-F‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   (DC-)   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٪70‫א‬{E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KE29F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪30‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬{
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫ﻣﺎآﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
 
‫اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﻌﻞ‬
%30 ‫و ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
 
 
‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
 
 
‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬

‫اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬  

E29F %70 ‫و ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬

 J31 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
KEDCHFL‫א‬‫א‬ J2
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   (DC+)   
 E30F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ {‫א‬٪70
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ {‫א‬‫א‬٪30
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 

‫ﻣﺎآﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬  
 
‫اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺸﻌﻞ‬  
%70 ‫و ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬  
 
‫اﺗﺠﺎة اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬  
 
 
‫اﺗﺠﺎة اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
 
‫اﻟﻄﺮف اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﻌﺔ‬  
%30 ‫و ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
 
E30F

 J32 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 KEACF‫א‬‫א‬ J3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (AC)
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ،E31F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 120‫א‬‫א‬E32F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ E33F‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬
 
 
 ٪50‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 
 
 
120‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪50‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
E31F  
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ‬  
‫إﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬  
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
 
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ‬
 
E31F  
(31)‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬  

 J33 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E34F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬E35F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E1
K‫א‬‫א‬ E2
K‫א‬ E3
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KESTARTF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬ E1
KEOFFF‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬E2
KECOUTINUOSF‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬E3
 
 
 
10  
10-  
( ‫ﻧﻘﺎط اﻻﻧﻘﻄﺎع )اﻟﺼﻔﺮ‬ ‫ ﻣﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬120 (‫ذﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد)دون ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺬﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬
 
E34F
 
 
 
 
10

10-
 
 
‫ ﻣﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬16000 ‫ذﺑﺬﺑﻪ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﺘﺮدد ﻣﻊ ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺬﺑﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻔﻊ إﻟﻰ‬
E35F

 J34 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬W 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز‬.1
. ‫ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ‬.2
. ‫ اﻟﻠﻴﺎت‬.3
K‫ اﻟﺼﻤﺎﻣﺎت‬K4
 ‫א‬‫א‬E36F‫א‬
 
‫وﺣﺪة اﻟﻐﺎز‬
 
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ اﻟﻐﺎز‬  
 
 
‫أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ اﻟﻐﺎز‬  
‫ﻟﻲ اﻟﻐﺎز‬
 
 
‫اﻟﺼﻤﺎم اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬  
 
 
‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﺸﻌﻞ‬  
 
 
 
 
E36F

 J35 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫ א‬K1
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 2640‫א‬ 330‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E37F‫א‬
 
‫ﻏﻄﺎء اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬  
‫ﻣﻘﺒﺾ اﻟﺼﻤﺎم‬    
  ‫ﺻﻤﺎم اﻷﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬ 
 
‫ﺻﻤﺎم أﻣﺎن‬
‫ﺧﺮوج اﻟﻐﺎز‬  
  ‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﻈﻢ‬ 
‫)ﺗﺴﻨﻴﻦ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ‬  
(‫ﻟﻠﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬
  ‫ﻗﺮص ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ 129

‫ﺳﻢ‬  
‫دﺧﻮل اﻟﻐﺎز‬ ‫ﺳ‬22
 
 
 

‫اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة‬
 
‫اﻻ ﻄ ا ﺔ‬  
E37F  
 
 
 
 
 

 J36 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
53410‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 {‫א‬‫א‬56170
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J37 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬ J1
، 99.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE38F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 

 
 E38F
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J2
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ٪2٪1  
‫א‬،‫א‬٪50‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬        ‫א‬    
 KE39F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 E39F

 J38 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬ •

  JW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K30 J20‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 KE40F‫א‬K‫א‬90‫א‬‫א‬ J2
KE41F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J4
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
90ْ 90ْ 90ْ 90ْ  
 
 
E40F  
2 mm  
 
‫ﻗﻄﺐ اﻟﺘﺎﻧﺠﺴﺘﻮن‬
 
 
 
 
 
4 mm
 KE‫א‬F E41F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ K

 J39 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
E42F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
 E43F‫א‬
      ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K3
‫א‬
 KE44F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 
 
‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺮآﺔ‬ ‫ﻠ‬  
‫ﺣﺮآﺔ‬  
 
 
‫ﻗﻄﺐ‬
‫اﻟ ﺎ‬  
 
 
‫ﺷﻌﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮس ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﻋﺪاد ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
 
42F

‫ﺣﺠﺮ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺐ‬

‫ﺷﻌﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮس ﻋﻨﺪ اﻹﻋﺪاد ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬

43)

 J40 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
2 mm

4 mm
E44F  ‫أو‬
  5 mm
 
 
 ‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J41 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ، ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E√F
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
      
       ‫א‬‫א‬ 1
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬2
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬3
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 4
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬5
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬6
       ‫א‬ 7
       ‫א‬‫ א‬8
       ‫א‬ 9
       ‫א‬ 10
       ‫א‬ 11
      TIG‫א‬‫ א‬12
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬13
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ E‫א‬ F ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ?  ?  ?? ‫א‬     ، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 J42 J
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ واﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

2
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪90‫א‬‫א‬
 K21W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KEF‫א‬ •
KEKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 J44 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

  
 
 E45F‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE45F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 J45 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E46F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 

  
 K‫א‬E46F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 J46 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬{‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
KFN‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Pa ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KO  NLM^2
 W‫א‬E47F‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E47F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 J47 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 K(Ao)‫א‬‫א‬(F)‫א‬‫א‬W( )‫א‬

  
 
 
[N/m^2][Pa]{‫א‬W
[N] {‫א‬WF
[m2] , ‫ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ اﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬:A

: ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫ ﻣﺎهﻲ‬m =350 kg ‫ ﺑﻘﻮة ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬a =2.5 cm ‫ﺗﻢ ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻤﻨﻴﻮم ﻣﺮﺑﻊ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ ﺿﻠﻌﻪ‬
. Pa ‫ﻗﻴﻤﻪ اﻹﺟﻬﺎد ﺑﻮﺣﺪة‬

:‫اﻟﺤﻞ‬
: ‫ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬
2
A =a2=(2.5 X ) = 6,25X = 0,000625

: F ‫ اﻟﻘﻮة‬, g ≈ 10m/ ‫ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺗﺴﺎرع اﻟﺠﺎذﺑﻴﺔ اﻷرﺿﻴﺔ‬

F = m × g = 350 X 10 = 3500 N
: ‫اﻷﺟﻬﺎد‬
  F 3500
O = = --- = 65X N/ = 56 
 A  6.25× 

 J48 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 
(A ) ‫א‬‫א‬(F)‫א‬‫א‬ WE F‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

=  

 
(Ai)‫א‬‫א‬(F)‫א‬‫א‬:E trF‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 =  
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ . 
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫מּ‬Lmm‫א‬K
‫א‬mm/mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬e٪‫א‬
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 J49 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

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‫∆( اﻟﺤﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻄﻮل‬L) (‫ هﻮ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻗﺴﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ )اﻷﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ أو اﻟﺘﻘﻠﺺ‬: ‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻷﻧﻔﻌﺎل‬
(L ) ‫اﻷﺻﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‬

e= 
 

 ٪[][mm/mm]W‫א‬WE
[mm]E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬W∆L
 [mm]‫א‬‫א‬WL
 [mm]{‫א‬‫א‬WLf

:L ‫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻮل اﻷﺻﻠﻲ‬Lf ‫∆ هﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻃﺮح اﻟﻄﻮل اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬L ‫ﺣﻴﺚ أن ﻓﻲ أﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺸﺪ اﻻﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬
∆L=Lf – L .
 
 
 
 
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 
 
 

 
 
 
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 J50 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

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 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WK1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W K2
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WK3
‫א‬‫א‬  JE46F‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬K4
 E48F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪100
 

 J51 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

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 


 F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE48  
 
 EF،‫א‬‫א‬EF،EF، EF
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 J52 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 J6‫א‬ J5‫א‬ J4‫א‬ J3‫א‬ J2‫א‬ J1
 ‫א‬ J10‫א‬ J9‫א‬ J8‫א‬‫א‬ J7‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E49F‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E49F
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 
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 J53 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E50F
 

 J54 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬(A)‫א‬(O)‫א‬‫א‬ J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 

 

[N/ ]‫א‬ [Pa]،‫א‬W

[]،‫א‬We
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE

 
‫( آﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎس اﻟﺼﻼﺑﺔ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ‬51) ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‬

 

 J55 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
T‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 ‫א‬E52F
 W
‫א‬E52F
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 J56 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬ J1
K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J3
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W  J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
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 

 J57 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W J3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 E54F‫א‬E53F‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E53F
 EFEFEF
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 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E54F

 J58 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬1،11،2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  J1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J2
E55F‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E55F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE56F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 J59 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE56F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬  J1
‫א‬E57F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 J60 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E57F‫א‬
 
 
 J61 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬  J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
 
 W
‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J62 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 J63 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬Eσ-e FE‫א‬–‫א‬F J1
 W
‫ א‬ J
‫ א‬ J
‫א‬  J
‫ א‬ J
 
 
 
 W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬–‫א‬F J2
‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
EF‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W8،2
E‫א‬  J
E‫א‬  J
E‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
 

 J64 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬
 Compression Test
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Compression test‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ KE58F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE58F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 

 J65 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J3
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
‫א‬  J
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K59‫א‬

 J66 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E59F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬A K‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 
  =
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 J67 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬‫א‬F  J1
K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬‫א‬F  J2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬50
K‫א‬‫א‬
Omax‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

σ max =
‫א‬‫א‬WE‫א‬F  J3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬60 J55‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E60F‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E60F‫א‬

 

 J68 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  =

 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

σ max =
 

 K[N] {‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WF

( {‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬A

E61F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W

 E60F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E61F‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WF

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WA

 ‫א‬WA

 J69 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ WE61F‫א‬

 

 

 

 

 

 J70 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫א‬‫ א‬ J1

‫א‬‫א‬108‫א‬  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

W‫א‬‫ א‬ J2

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

K‫א‬  J

W‫א‬‫ א‬ J3

‫א‬‫א‬0،9‫א‬  J

‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  J
K‫א‬E62F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 J71 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E62F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J3
K
 
 
 
 
 

 J72 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  J1
‫א‬  J2
‫א‬  J3
‫א‬  J4
 
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬  J1
‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫ א‬ J2
‫א‬E63F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E64F‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E63F
 

 J73 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE64F‫א‬
 
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫ א‬ J3
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬ J4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬??‫א‬
‫א‬E65‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬EaF‫א‬

 J74 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬a F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E65F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 J75 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
b=3CM‫א‬W1،3
21،5KgLMM‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KT15EF
 ‫؟‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
15 T=15000 Kg=‫א‬WF‫א‬‫א‬
 12.5KgL =‫א‬Wσ
3cm=30mm= ‫א‬Wb
 W‫א‬‫א‬
A =a×b
O

 Wa‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 σ = = => A
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 J76 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WW
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 E66F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E66F

 J77 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE67F‫א‬
 
 

  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E67F‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ 30kg m
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E66F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J78 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬55*10*10 mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬1.5E68F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E69F‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 
 
 K‫א‬E68F‫א‬
 

  
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E69F‫א‬

 J79 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 W‫א‬
 
175Kg.m‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬75*10*10 mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E70F2mm45‫א‬V
 .E71F
 

  
 
 ‫א‬WE70F
 
 

 J80 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE71F
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 
‫א‬ 9
 
‫א‬ 9
 
‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 
 
 

 J81 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1L4‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬3
 K‫א‬E72F45‫א‬‫א‬
 

 J82 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 

 5mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E72F
 0.67 mm‫א‬
 
 
 
 
K‫א‬‫א‬E73F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 

 J83 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 [J] [mm]‫א‬
 5.4  
 9.5  0.17
 11.3  0.34
 18.6  0.68

5mm‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E73F
 0.67mm‫א‬
 
 

 J84 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E74)K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E74F

 J85 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE75F‫א‬
 

 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E75F

 J86 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬–
 ‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬–
 ‫א‬ J
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬–
 ‫א‬–
 ‫א‬–
 ‫א‬–

 J87 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E√F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
      
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1
       ‫א‬‫ א‬2
       ‫א‬‫ א‬3
       ‫א‬‫א‬ 4
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬5
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬6
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 7
       ‫א‬‫א‬ 8
       ‫א‬‫א‬ 9
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬10
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 11
       ‫א‬‫א‬ 12
       ‫א‬‫א‬ 13
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ E‫א‬ F ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ?  ?  ?? ‫א‬     ، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 

 J88 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﺘﻘﻨﻲ واﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

3
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K J2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J3
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪90‫א‬‫א‬
 K21W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KEF‫א‬ •
KEKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 J90 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 W
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K2
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬K3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J91 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬EGrak HuntingF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EMicro Flows F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬KEMacro Flows F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEGold working F‫א‬‫א‬E Heat treatment F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬

 J92 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 J93 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Visual Inspection‫א‬‫א‬ K1

Penetrant Inspection‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2

Magnetic Particle Test ‫א‬‫א‬ K3

Radiography ‫א‬‫א‬ K4

Ultrasonic‫א‬‫א‬ K5

Eddy Current Test‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K6

 

 J94 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 WType of defects‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Inherent Defects K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Processing defects‫א‬ K2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Service defects‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬Cracks ‫א‬ K1
Porosity‫א‬ K2
Tears‫א‬ K3
Lack of bond‫א‬‫א‬EF K4
Inclusions‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، Segregation‫א‬‫א‬ K6
K‫א‬‫א‬
Lack of penetration in welding‫א‬‫א‬ K7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
KFatigue Defects‫א‬‫א‬ K9
‫א‬‫א‬،Blow Holes‫א‬ K10
K‫א‬
K Flakes‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K11
Pitting‫ א‬K12
Laps‫א‬‫ א‬K13

 J95 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 

 J96 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 Visual Inspection‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •
Surface porosity‫א‬‫א‬ •
Unfilled crater •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KSharp notch ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬–،EShot blastingF‫א‬،ESand blastingF
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،EPhotocellsF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،EPhototubesF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE76F
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 J97 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬E76F
 
 
 
 
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EConverging lens F‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
 EBackgroundF‫א‬‫א‬EContrastF
 
 
 

 J98 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ K1
 E77F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ K1
‫א‬ K2
‫א‬ K3
‫א‬ K4
‫א‬‫א‬ K5
‫א‬ K6  
 E77F
‫א‬ .7
 
W‫א‬‫א‬ K2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬T‫א‬
 E78F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K8
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K9
‫א‬ K10
‫א‬ K11
‫א‬ K12
‫א‬ K13  
 E78F
‫א‬ K14
 
 
 

 J99 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E80F‫א‬E79F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 E79F

 
 E80F
 
 

 J100 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WLuminex penetrant and developer and fluorescent testing methods
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KEAcid etchingF‫א‬EVapor degreasingF
 K‫א‬‫א‬ESand blastingF‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،ECapillariesF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Oil and whiting method ‫א‬‫א‬ K1
Dye method ‫א‬ K2
Fluorescent method ‫א‬‫א‬ K3
Radio –active method‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K4

 J101 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 WOil and whiting method ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F
 KE81F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E81F
 
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 

 J102 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 WDye method‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬? K1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬ K4
KEtalc F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K5
K‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 J103 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 WFluorescent method ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬EFluorescent F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEUltravioletF‫א‬‫א‬
 
 EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 15 J5  ‫א‬
 30  ‫א‬
 30  ‫א‬
 15  
 30  
 30  
 30  
 60  
 60  
 10  ‫א‬‫א‬
 30  ‫א‬‫א‬
 15  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E82F
 
 
 

 J104 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K     ‫א‬  ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
( ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Zyglo pentrex )
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E82F،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WRadio Active Method‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Low flash F،E VolatileF‫א‬ K1
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Epoint
‫א‬    ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    K2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K3
K‫א‬‫א‬ K4
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K5
K‫א‬‫א‬
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 J105 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 Magna Flux Inspection‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬EParamagneticF‫א‬‫א‬ 9
EDiamagnetic F‫א‬‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬EFerromagnetic F‫א‬ 9
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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 J106 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

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 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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E84F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE85F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E83F
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 J107 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



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E84F


K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E85F

 J108 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬9
K‫א‬ 9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KCIRCULAR FIELD
 KLongitudinal Field

 J109 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



Radiography ‫א‬‫א‬

E86F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
2%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 E86F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 J110 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
{‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE87F‫א‬

 
 E87F
 
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 J111 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫א‬E87‫א‬F{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬3\2
 

 J112 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 
 
 
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1،7
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W2،7
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W3،7
 
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬W4،7

 J113 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E√F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ 
      
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬2
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬3
       ‫א‬‫ א‬4
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬5
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬6
       ‫א‬‫ א‬7
       ‫א‬‫א‬ 8
       ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 9
       ‫א‬‫ א‬10
       ‫א‬‫ א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ E‫א‬ F ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬  ‫א‬   ?  ?  ?? ‫א‬     ، 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 J114 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬
–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K1
K1429
‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫–א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫–א‬‫א‬ K2
K1405‫א‬
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K3
‫א‬ K4
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 
www.arab-eng/vb/t187876.html

 J115 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬


  ‫א‬‫א‬
 1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 5 OMAW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 5 E ‫ א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬
 6  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 10 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 11 E‫א‬F‫א‬ W
 12 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 14 ‫א‬‫א‬
 16  ‫א‬‫א‬
 17 SMAW ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 20 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 22  ‫א‬
 24  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 25  GMAW ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 25 E‫א‬F‫א‬
 25 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 26 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 28  ‫א‬
 30 ‫א‬
 31  GTAW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 31 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 34  ‫א‬‫א‬
 35 ‫א‬

 J116 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 37  ‫א‬
 39 ‫א‬‫א‬
41 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
44  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
45 ‫א‬‫א‬
47  ‫א‬‫א‬
49 ‫א‬‫א‬
 51 ‫א‬‫א‬
 55  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 57  ‫א‬‫א‬
 65 ‫א‬‫א‬
 65  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 66 ‫א‬‫א‬
 67 ‫א‬‫א‬
 71 ‫א‬‫א‬
 72 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 73  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 77  ‫א‬‫א‬
 78  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 81 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 86 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
91 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
91 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
94 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 95  ‫א‬‫א‬

 J117 J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬



‫اﻟﻔﻬﺮس‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬
 97 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 99 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 101  E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 103 ‫א‬‫א‬
 106  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 110  ‫א‬‫א‬
 111 ‫א‬‫א‬
 113  
 115  ‫א‬‫א‬
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 J118 J