ﻣﺣﺎﺿﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻔﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺙ
)ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ (
ﻣﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ /ﺃ.ﻋﺑﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ /ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﺔ /ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ І
.1ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ Measuring
ﺱ/ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ؟
ﺝ/
ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ :ﻫﻭ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻳﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻳﺱ ﻣﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺑﺗﺩﺍﺭﻳﺞ ﻣﻛﻭﻧﺔ ﻣﻥ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻣﻥ ﻭﺣﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ
،ﻭﻳﺟﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺗﻡ ﺍﻟﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻣﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﺛﻧﺎء ﺍﻟﻌﻣﻝ ﻟﻠﺣﺻﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ ﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﻭﺳﺎﻁﺔ ﻣﺣﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺭﺍﺟﻳﻝ
ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﺧﺭﻯ ،ﺣﻳﺙ ﻳﻣﻛﻥ ﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻧﺗﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺭﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺩﻗﻳﻘﺔ ﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﺿﻣﻥ ﺃﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻁﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻸﺑﻌﺎﺩ
ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﺔ .ﻻﺣﻆ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺩﻧﺎﻩ
)ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ (
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ /
ﻋﻧﺩ ﺍﻟﺗﺷﻐﻳﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻲ )ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﻗﻁﻊ ﺍﻟﻣﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻣﺛﻝ ﺍﻟﺧﺭﺍﻁﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﻔﺭﻳﺯ ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻫﺎ ( ﻳﻘﺎﺱ ﻁﻭﻝ ﻭﻗﻁﺭ ﻭﺳﻣﻙ
ﺍﻟﻣﺷﻐﻭﻻﺕ ﻭﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﻭﻛﺫﻟﻙ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻭﻭﻅ )ﺍﻟﻠﻭﻟﺏ ( ﻭﻏﻳﺭ ﺫﻟﻙ ﺑﻭﺳﺎﻁﺔ ﺃﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﻗﻳﺎﺱ ﻳﺗﻭﻗﻑ ﻧﻭﻉ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺯﺓ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺏ ،ﻓﻣﺛﻼ ﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻁﻭﺍﻝ ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﻣﺳﺎﻁﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﻗﺩﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺭﻭﻣﺗﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ
ﺍﻟﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎ ﺗﺳﺗﻌﻣﻝ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺗﺳﻣﻰ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺿﺑﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻣﻧﻘﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻣﺔ ،ﻭﻏﻳﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻥ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﺃﺟﻬﺯﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ .
ﻣﻼﺣﻅﺔ /
ﺗﻛﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻝ ﺍﻟﻣﻬﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺗﻳﺎﺭ ﻧﻭﻉ ﺃﺟﻬﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻬﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺗﻌﻣﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﺩﻡ ﺗﺄﺛﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺣﺭﺍﺭﺓ
ﻭﻛﺛﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺗﺧﺩﺍﻡ ﻟﻛﻲ ﺗﻌﻁﻲ ﺍﻟﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻁﻠﻭﺑﺔ ﻻﺣﻅ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺔ ﻗﻳﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻘﻼﻭﻭﻅ.
)ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ أﺒﻌﺎد اﻟﻘﻼووظ(
1
ﻣﺣﺎﺿﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻔﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺙ
)ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ (
ﻣﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ /ﺃ.ﻋﺑﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ /ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﺔ /ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ І
ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ Measuring Instruments
.1ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﻭﺷﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ The Measuring Rules and Tapes
ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﻟﻠﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻴﺮﺓ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ) (Measuring Tapesﻓﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ
ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ .ﻻﺣﻆ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻂ .
)ﻣﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﻭﺷﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ (
ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ Steel Rule
ﺱ/ﻋﺮﻑ ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ ) ( Steel Rule؟
ﺝ/
ﻫﻲ ﺍﻗﺪﻡ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻛﺜﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﻴﻮﻋﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺵ ،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻉ
ﻭﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻭﺑﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﻱ ) ( Metric Systemﺍﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ
ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻱ ), ( British Standardﻭﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺑﺄﻁﻮﺍﻝ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ) 600، 300، 150ﻭ (1000mmﻭﺩﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻣﺎ
)(1mmﺃﻭ ) .( 0.5mmﻻﺣﻆ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﺍﺩﻧﺎﻩ.
)ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ(
2
ﻣﺣﺎﺿﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻔﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺙ
)ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ (
ﻣﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ /ﺃ.ﻋﺑﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ /ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﺔ /ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ І
ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻣﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ
ﺱ /ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ؟
ﺝ/
ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﻣﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﺍﻟﻰ ﺷﻜﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻰ :
.1ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺑﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺪﺭﺟﺔ :ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ.
.2ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺭﻗﻴﻘﺔ :ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻁﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻻﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎﻕ .
.3ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ :ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﺑﺾ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﻨﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ
ﺍﻻﻁﻮﺍﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ .
.4ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯ :ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﻐﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻻ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻁﺮﻑ
ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻭ ﺣﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺤﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺧﻂ ﺗﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍء ﻣﻦ
ﺣﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯ .
.5ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﻤﺎﺳﻚ :ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻁﻮﺍﻝ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﻁﻖ ﺍﻟﻀﻴﻘﺔ .
.6ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺸﻄﻮﻓﺔ :ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻁﻮﺍﻝ ﺗﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﺑﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ
) ( Filletsﺗﻤﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﺩﻳﺔ .
.2ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻣﺮﻧﺔ .1ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺑﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ
.3ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺻﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﻄﻮﻓﻪ .2ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯ
)ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ(
3
ﻣﺣﺎﺿﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻔﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺙ
)ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ (
ﻣﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ /ﺃ.ﻋﺑﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ /ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﺔ /ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ І
.2ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ Vernier Caliper
ﺱ/ﻋﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ؟
ﺝ/
ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ :ﻫﻲ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﻁﻮﺍﻝ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺗﺼﻞ ﺇﻟﻰ 0.02mmﻭﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ
ﻗﻴﺎﺱ )ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ( ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻧﺎﻥ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺘﺤﺮﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻪ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ )ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ( ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﺍﻹﻁﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﺴﻤﺎﺭ ﺭﺑﻂ ،ﻭﻟﻺﻁﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ
ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻳﺜﺒﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ﺫﺭﺍﻉ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻖ )ﻣﺤﺪﺩ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻖ ( .
ﻳﺒﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﺩﻧﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍء ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ
ﻓﻚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ
)ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍء ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ(
ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ Accuracy
ﺱ/ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ؟
ﺝ/
ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ :ﻫﻲ ﺍﺻﻐﺮ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻬﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﺴﻪ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ
ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻭﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﺘﻘﺴﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍء ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻭﻱ ) 0.05، 0.1ﻭ.(0.02mm
ﺱ/ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ؟
ﺝ/
ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ) ( xﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ :
X=A–B
ﺣﻴﺚ :
=Aﻁﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺑـ )( mm
=Bﻁﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺠﺔ ﺑﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑـ ) ( mmﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﻁﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ) ( Lﻣﻘﺴﻮﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ
ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ). ( N
= B
ே
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ :
ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻻﺗﻲ :ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ = ﺍﻗﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻗﺮﺍءﺗﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺞ
ۯ
ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ \ﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ) =( X
ۼ
4
ﻣﺣﺎﺿﺭﺍﺕ
ﺍﻟﻔﺻﻝ ﺍﻟﺛﺎﻟﺙ
)ﺍﻟﻘﻳﺎﺱ ﻭﺍﻟﺗﺣﺩﻳﺩ (
ﻣﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻣﺎﺩﺓ /ﺃ.ﻋﺑﺩ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺯﺍﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻣﺭﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﻟﻰ /ﻗﺳﻡ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻣﻳﻛﺎﻧﻳﻛﻳﺔ /ﻛﻠﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻧﺩﺳﺔ ﻋﻣﻠﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺻﻧﻳﻊ І
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
ﻗﺪﻣﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ،ﻁﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ) ( 9mmﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ) ( 10ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﺔ ﻭﻁﻮﻝ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻲ ) ( 1ﻣﻠﻢ ،ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ؟
ﺍﻟﺠﻮﺍﺏ :
A=1 mm
B = 9/10 = 0.9 mm
X =1- 0.9 = 0.1 mm ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ
ﻣﺪﻯ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ Measuring Range
ﺱ /ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑـ )ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ( ؟
ﺝ/
ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻁﻮﻝ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﻴﺴﻪ ،ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻁﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻁﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ،ﺣﻴﺚ ﻻ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ
ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺮﺍءﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ،ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻥ
ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ :
ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ = ﻁﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ــ ﻁﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ
ﻣﺜﺎﻝ :
ﻗﺪﻣﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ،ﻁﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ) ( 150ﻣﻠﻢ ،ﻭﻁﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ) (9ﻣﻠﻢ ﻣﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ) ( 10ﺍﻗﺴﺎﻡ ،ﻣﺎ
ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﻗﺘﻬﺎ ؟ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ؟
ﺝ/
X=A- B
X= 1- 9/10
X=0.1 mm
ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ = ﻁﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ – ﻁﻮﻝ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ
ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ = 9 - 150
= 141ﻣﻠﻢ
ﺍﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ
ﺱ/1ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ؟ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﺩﻭﺍﺗﻪ .
ﺱ2ﺍﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ،ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﻰ 25ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻪ ،ﻳﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ 24
ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ )ﻛﻞ 1ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ = ( 0.5mmﻭﻁﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ
30cm؟
ﺱ/3ﻣﺎ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻣﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ ؟ﻭﺿﺢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ؟
ﺱ/4ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﺴﺎﻁﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ؟ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ؟
ﺱ/5ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺪﺩﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ؟
ﺱ/6ﺍﺭﺳﻢ ﻗﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻭﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺋﻬﺎ ؟
ﺱ/7ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ .1:ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻣﺔ .2ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ؟
ﺱ/8ﻣﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺻﻠﺐ ﺑﺤﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺯ ﺍﺛﻨﺎء ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺧﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻮﺿﺤﺎ ﺍﺟﺰﺍﺋﻬﺎ ؟
5
