Spot

For security and justice professionals (e.g., police officers, lawyers, judges), the thousands of peer-reviewed articles on nonverbal communication represent important sources of knowledge. However, despite the scope of the scientific work carried out on this subject, professionals can turn to programs, methods, and approaches that fail to reflect the state of science. The objective of this article is to examine (i) concepts of nonverbal communication conveyed by these programs, methods, and approaches, but also (ii) the consequences of their use (e.g., on the life or liberty of individuals). To achieve this objective, we describe the scope of scientific research on nonverbal communication. A program (SPOT; Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques), a method (the BAI; Behavior Analysis Interview) and an approach (synergology) that each run counter to the state of science are examined. Finally, we outline five hypotheses to explain why some organizations in the fields of sec...

Resumen:
Actualmente se usan los musicales como mecanismo de atracción y persuasión. Los anuncios televisivos musicales incorporan los atributos icónicos y los códigos relacionados con el género cinematográfico musical. Pero aunque las principales referencias de los musicales, así como sus usos, generalmente se mantienen en los spots, la interpretación semiótica y su estructura varían considerablemente respecto de las películas. Estas modificaciones son debidas a la influencia de parámetros como la duración, la finalidad, la forma de recepción, el origen del guión y su estructura. Mediante una comparación cualitativa entre cine musical y spots musicales se pretende argumentar esta diferencia de interpretación.

Resumen: Este artículo es una reflexión sobre la influencia del cine en la publicidad comercial, concretamente del séptimo arte en los spots. Y mucho más puntual, el estudio se centrará en un caso en particular: se trata del comercial 'Cinco años' del coche Mercedes clase C en el que se encuentran nexos con la película protagonizada por Tom Hanks, Big. El objetivo del siguiente pretende, mediante un análisis de contenido, evidenciar que realmente existe dicha intertextualidad. Los protagonistas, la música, los temas, el eslogan… son algunas de las claves que apuntan hasta este vínculo intencionado por parte de la casa Mercedes. Abstract: This article is a reflection about cinema's influence on commercial advertising, specifically the cinema on spots. And much more timely, the research will be based on a particular case: it's about Mercedes C-class' spot called 'Five years' in which we can find connections the movie starring the actor Tom Hanks, Big, in 1988. The present objective, then, is to prove, through the analysis of the content, that the above-mentioned intertextuality does exist. Main characters, music, matters and slogan… are some of the keys that show that there is really a deliberate link made by the creators of the spot.

Αν και πολλοί γνωρίζουν τη σχέση των Πολεμικών Αεροποριών με το Διάστημα διεθνώς και αρκετοί γνωρίζουν ότι στην Ελλάδα η ΠΑ υπήρξε το πρώτο όπλο από τα τρία, που αντιλήφθηκε από το 1977 την ανάγκη αξιοποίησης του Διαστήματος και συγκρότησε ειδικό φορέα, λίγοι γνωρίζουν την σχέση της Σχολής Ικάρων με αυτό. Με αφορμή την επανέκδοση του ΙΚΑΡΟΥ και την ύπαρξη ειδικής θεματικής του παρόντος τεύχους στο Διάστημα, το κείμενο αυτό θα παρουσιάσει ορισμένα σημεία αυτής της σχέσης.

This paper deals with landslide hazards and risk analysis of Penang Island, Malaysia using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing data. Landslide locations in the study area were identified from interpretations of aerial photographs and field surveys. Topographical/geological data and satellite images were collected and processed using GIS and image processing tools. There are ten landslide inducing parameters which are considered for landslide hazard analysis. These parameters are topographic slope, aspect, curvature and distance from drainage, all derived from the topographic database; geology and distance from lineament, derived from the geologic database; landuse from Landsat satellite images; soil from the soil database; precipitation amount, derived from the rainfall database; and the vegetation index value from SPOT satellite images. Landslide susceptibility was analyzed using landslide-occurrence factors employing the probability-frequency ratio model. The results of the analysis were verified using the landslide location data and compared with the probabilistic model. The accuracy observed was 80.03%. The qualitative landslide hazard analysis was carried out using the frequency ratio model through the map overlay analysis in GIS environment. The accuracy of hazard map was 86.41%. Further, risk analysis was done by studying the landslide hazard map and damageable objects at risk. This information could be used to estimate the risk to population, property and existing infrastructure like transportation network.

(ESP) La estrecha relación entre la música y la imagen tiene una gran relevancia en la eficacia del mensaje publicitario. Esta unión queda reforzada por el fenómeno de la sincronía musicovisual, cada vez más presente en todo tipo de piezas audiovisuales publicitarias. Este estudio pretende analizar este fenómeno aplicado a los tráileres de televisión, realizando un análisis de contenido de más de cien casos. Los objetivos de esta investigación son: señalar los elementos del sonido empleados, conocer la representatividad de la sincronía musicovisual en los tráileres de televisión y saber qué tipos de sincronía se usan más. A pesar de que el elemento del sonido más usado es la voz y el silencio, la sincronía musicovisual está presente en la mayoría de los casos analizados. Esta sincronía se origina por el ritmo del montaje principalmente, y según las tipologías señaladas destacan casos con una sincronía musicovisual semidura y estética.

(ENG) The close relationship between music and image has great relevance in the effectiveness of the advertising message. This link is reinforced by music-visual sync, which is becoming more and more present in audiovisual advertising formats. This study aims to analyze this phenomenon applied to television trailers, by conducting a content analysis of more than one hundred trailers. The objectives of this research are: to point out the elements of the sound used, to know the representativeness of music-visual sync in television trailers and to know what types of synchrony are the most called upon. Despite the fact that the most used elements of sound are the voice and the silence, the music-visual sync is present in most of the analyzed cases. This synchrony is originated mainly by the rhythm of the assembly, and according to the indicated typologies they emphasize cases with a semi-hard and aesthetic music-visual sync.

Color is a crucial element in achieving effective and efficient communication. This article presents an analysis of the
color elements used in TV ads aimed at children broadcast during November 2009 in Spain by the Disney Channel
children’s network which, according to Kantar Media, is the audience leader in open-to-air television programing.
The convenience sample included the group of advertisers that Infoadex classifies as part of the «sports and leisure»
sector, which includes products and services traditionally aimed at children, such as toys and leisure parks, as well
as self-promotion ads for other television networks. The analysis quantifies the use of color in ads aimed at children
and concludes that brands use color in very different ways. This study also examines the relationship between the
color combinations chosen by advertisers in their ads and logos, confirming that the use of color combinations in ads
and logos is arbitrary. Most advertisers who target children prefer to apply a range of colors to create contrast and
highlight the product and its features and benefits, instead of strengthening the brand’s corporate image. The study
highlights the randomness in decision-making on the use of color.

Daily time-step normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series from satellite-derived (NOAA/AVHRR, SPOT/VEGETATION, TERRA/MODIS) and ground-based micrometeorological sensors were evaluated for a coniferous pine forest (Pinus sylvestris L.) located in Hyytiälä, Finland. Micrometeorology-based broadband NDVI was calculated from observed upward and downward photosynthetically activity radiation (PAR) and global radiation measurements. The composite satellite-derived NDVI time series were smoothed with a best index slope extraction method (BISE) and adjusted Fourier transform (AFT) in order to downscale from the compositing period to daily scale.The broadband and satellite-derived NDVIs were highly correlated during the main growth period (Julian days 90–270), but poorly correlated when the entire year was considered, i.e., large differences occurred during winter. High correlations were also found between the seasonal courses for broadband NDVI and daily air temperature. The analysis revealed that the onset of greenness in spring was consistently determined from broadband NDVI time series in different years, but that fluctuations in NDVI during the late season transition to winter dormancy prevented reliable prediction of the termination in physiological activity. Efforts to retrieve the same relationships during spring from satellite-derived NDVI failed.After comparing the smoothed time series from different NDVI determinations, we examined the relationship between NDVI, gross primary production (GPP) and FAPAR. An obvious exponential relationship is found between broadband NDVI and GPP (R2=0.72 for clear weather conditions; also detectable from the satellite sensors), while a linear relationship occurs between broadband NDVI and FAPAR (R2=0.79). FAPAR in relation to satellite-derived NDVI is best described with a logistic curve under clear weather conditions, but the level of correspondence is low (R2=0.53). Overall, broadband NDVI is a good index to describe physiological activity of the pine forest during certain periods, i.e. provides a means for obtaining other physiological parameters that are required by ecosystem models. However, during the late season, broadband NDVI estimated over the pine stand is influenced by more than vegetation physiological activity. Though satellite-derived NDVI is more difficult to link to GPP, it may still provide useful information under clear weather conditions. Satellite-derived NDVI remains our only choice for generalization in large-scale investigations. Thus, intensified examination of the influences of smoothing and downscaling of satellite-derived NDVI is inevitable.

Η κρίση και ο Πόλεμος στον Περσικό κόλπο (1990-1991), υπήρξε μια δυναμική παρουσίαση των δυνατοτήτων που απορρέουν απο τις νέες τεχνολογίες. Αυτών που επιτρέπουν την χρήση οπλικών συστημάτων υψηλής ακρίβειας, όσο και εκείνων που εξασφαλίζουν την ταχύτερη διακίνηση των πληροφοριών και του συντονισμού των δυνάμεων. Ανάμεσα στις νέες τεχνολογίες που τα αποτελέσματα τους προβλήθηκαν ιδιαίτερα έντονα, ήταν η χρήση δορυφορικών συστημάτων. Ήταν ίσως η πρώτη φορά, που το μεγάλο κοινό αντελήφθη στην πράξη την μεγάλη, στρατηγική και τακτική, συμβολή των δορυφορικών συστημάτων στις πολεμικές επιχειρήσεις, αφού η χρήση τους επηρέασε τόσο σημαντικά την πορεία και το αποτέλεσμα του πολέμου. Παράλληλα όμως ο ίδιος πόλεμος αποκάλυψε σημαντικές αδυναμίες, που εντοπίζονται κυρίως στους τομείς των πληροφοριών και επικοινωνιών. Η μελέτη αυτή θα εστιαστεί στα δορυφορικά συστήματα (στρατιωτικά-εμπορικά), που χρησιμοποίησαν οι συμμαχικές δυνάμεις, στην θετική συνεισφορά τους καθώς και στις αδυναμίες που εντοπίστηκαν.

Observations on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) scenes of the European Remote Sensing (ERS) satellite and Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), complemented by field structural analysis permit a new understanding of relationships between tectonics and volcanism since the late Miocene (10 Ma) in Central Anatolia. Volcanic edifices form elongate stratovolcanoes, linear clusters and volcanic ridges. They indicate emplacement on tension fractures and tail-crack or horsetail features. For instance, the Kara Dag volcano is rooted on a tail-crack which accommodates a horizontal left-lateral throw component at a fault termination. Caldera complexes of Cappadocia are associated with horsetail fault patterns. The emplacement of volcanoes also benefits from larger-scale tectonic structures: the Erciyes Dag volcano is localized by the Sultan Saz releasing bend which opens along the sinistral strike-slip Ecemis fault. Deformation has been analysed from tension fractures—which are perpendicular to the direction of extension—and from field structural analysis. On a regional scale, the tectonic regime responsible for the distribution of volcanic vents in this area of convergence and lateral extrusion, is not compression but extension. The Central Taurus range is the thermally uplifted shoulder of the Adana–Cilicia basin, which is related to lithosphere thinning. Westward movements in the northwestern part of the studied area are influenced by the active back-arc Aegean extension situated to the west. Farther to the south, the direction of motion turns southwest and south, under the influence of the opening of the Adana–Cilicia basin. We interpreted that extension in the Central Anatolian plateau is related to crustal blocks moving above sub-horizontal detachment surfaces located in the lower crust. This is based on several facts: the Tuz Gölü fault zone is a within-crust detachment; the Tuz Gölü basin does not affect the whole lithosphere because otherwise it would have been bordered by thermally uplifted shoulders; movements change trend within a small (50 km) region.

The purpose of this project is to test High Resolution Stereoscopic (HRS) data of SPOT5. This project is done in the framework of the “HRS study Team ” international test, supported by ISPRS-CNES. The Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was derived from the HRS data and was evaluated by using a 3D reference data set. The study site for HRS data is located in Manosque, France. It is a countryside landscape, with fields and villages. The height relief is medium and in some areas considerably intensive. The HRS data was acquired on 14 th August 2002. A number of different DEM generation experiments were carried out, in order to examine the influence of different processing parameters on the final accuracy of the DEM. Thus: 1) The same date acquisition of the stereo-pair reduces the radiometric variations of images; nevertheless, the fact that the images are captured by two different sensors has led us to apply a histogram matching technique for image pre-processing, in some experiments. 2) T...