- Architect (Graduate with Honours) M.Sc. Master's Degree in Urban Management and Valuations. Director of the UPC Maste... moreArchitect (Graduate with Honours) M.Sc. Master's Degree in Urban Management and Valuations. Director of the UPC Master in Urban Planning and Sustainability and Postgraduate program of Smart Cities: Urbanism and Technologies. Assistant lecturer, Department of Architectural Technology (TA) UPC’s Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB). Researcher in the Centre of Land Policy and Valuations (CPSV) and member of the Urban Quality of Life and Sustainability Research Group.
Head of the Department of Housing and Land Reserves of the Secretariat of Infrastructure and Urban Development of the State of Baja California (2005-10) Founding Member and Coordinator of Urban Planning within the Municipal Institute of Research and Urban Planning of Mexicali, and President of the Mexicali Association of Architects.
She has undertaken research in the areas of urban planning, land and housing policy, analysis of urban growth processes: Sprawl vs. Compact City, urban climate and measures for climate change adaptation; sustainable urban planning, mobility, public space, urban regeneration and models of city management.edit
This paper is the presentation of the results and developed tasks in the framework of the research project titled City without barriers. Tool for the evaluation and visualization of the accessibility into public space, using TLS, GIS and... more
This paper is the presentation of the results and developed tasks in the framework of the research project titled City without barriers. Tool for the evaluation and visualization of the accessibility into public space, using TLS, GIS and GPS Technologies, 1 developed during 2014 and 2015 by the authors and others researchers and technicians in the Centre of Land Policy and Valuations (CPSV) and the Virtual City Modelling Lab (LMVC) of the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC) The main goal of the applied research project was the development of a tool to assess the degree of accessibility and calculate optimal routes in public space, and above all their incorporation into an integral system (tool), with accessibility information, services, and support's content. This tool has been developed in two formats, Web platform and App, and the App can be downloaded in situ and remotely via Web. This has been achieved, by steps, and the first one has been the development of a methodology to facilitate universal access to public space, evaluating and obtaining optimal routes for the users. This methodology has been based in the use of ICT, specifically the 1 Financed in the framework of the Call 2013, of the Program RecerCaixa (RecerCaixa and ACUP)
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According to NASA's temperature record, Earth in 2021 was about 1.1 degrees Celsius warmer than the late 19th century average, the start of the industrial revolution. The rate of Global Warming (GW), however, differs across different... more
According to NASA's temperature record, Earth in 2021 was about 1.1 degrees Celsius warmer than the late 19th century average, the start of the industrial revolution. The rate of Global Warming (GW), however, differs across different regions of the planet. The Mediterranean is one of the "hotspots" of climate change, with more prominent temperature increases throughout the 20th and 21st centuries (Giorgi 2006). Since the mid-20th century, the average temperature over the Mediterranean has been increasing above the global average. The recent temperature record reveals an annual mean temperature for the entire basin that is approximately 0.4°C above the global mean (Lange 2021). This increase is even higher on the Spanish coast, which has experienced increases of more than 2°C (Arellano 2022).The aim of this paper is to analyze the warming process in the main Spanish urban areas since unified records were kept in the early 1970s. For this purpose, the evolution experienced by temperatures between 1971 and 2022 in 21 meteorological stations representative of all the Spanish Autonomous Communities is analyzed. Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia, Zaragoza, Seville, Malaga, Bilbao, Valladolid, Ciudad Real, Badajoz, Asturias, Corunya, Ourense, Murcia, Logroño, Palma de Mallorca, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Santa Cruz de Tenerife, are studied.The results show that, if on a global scale temperatures have risen 0.94°C since 1971, the increase in the main cities of peninsular Spain has been 2.17°C. And 2022 will be the warmest year on record. The research carried out differentiates the evolution experienced by maximum and minimum temperatures, showing that the continental influence is mainly manifested in the increase of maximum temperatures, while in the area of Mediterranean influence, the increase of minimum temperatures is more pronounced. On the other hand, the Cantabrian and Atlantic coasts, as well as, above all, the Canary Islands, show less pronounced increases, below 2°C.The study also presents the heat and cold waves (Serra 2022) experienced by the cities studied. Diurnal heat waves (DHW) have increased from 0.6 per year per weather station in the decade 1971-1980, to 1.71 in 1981-1990, 1.81 in 1991-2000, 2.72 in 2001-2010, and 3.84 in 2011-2020. 2022, with 7.11 DHW per station, is the year with the highest number of diurnal heat waves in the entire series. Regarding nocturnal heat waves (NHW) they have increased from 0.47 per station per year in the decade 1971-1980, to 1.53 (1981-1990), 1.57 (1991-2000), 3.55 (2001-2010), and 4.63 (2011-2020). Again 2022 is the year with the highest number of NHW, with 7.61 per weather station.2022 appears, therefore, as the warmest year since records have been kept, and the one in which a greater number of NHW has been experienced.
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The study of urban heat islands (UHI) is of great importance in the context of climate change (CC). The use of satellite images has helped considerably to understand UHI, especially in analyses of land surface temperature (LST). However,... more
The study of urban heat islands (UHI) is of great importance in the context of climate change (CC). The use of satellite images has helped considerably to understand UHI, especially in analyses of land surface temperature (LST). However, available sensors have a major limitation: their low spatial resolution (100 meters, Landsat; 1000 meters, MODIS) does not allow detailed analysis of UHI. Moreover, most remote sensors are limited to daytime data collection, while UHI mainly appear during the night. The images provided by satellites that study nocturnal thermal radiation, such as MODIS, have very low spatial resolution. There is abundant literature about the fusion of images from several satellites and sensors, especially information from MODIS and Landsat. However, most of these studies have concentrated on studying the combination of congruent images in the temporal plane, to extrapolate the results obtained to other temporal instances for which there is no detailed information. In general, few studies have focused on increasing the resolution of thermal images beyond the 100 meters/pixel of Landsat. The objective of this paper is to combine information from various sensors (Modis, Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2) by constructing a set of OLS models of daytime and nighttime LST. These models provide a detailed view of daytime UHI (10 meters) and a robust evaluation of the range of cooling produced during the night. A modelling exercise at 1 meter/pixel of resolution has also been developed, using information from more detailed sensors installed on aircraft in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area.
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Satellite nocturnal images of the earth are a useful way to identify urbanisation. Nighttime lights have been used in a range of scientific contributions, including studies on building human development indices and on the identification... more
Satellite nocturnal images of the earth are a useful way to identify urbanisation. Nighttime lights have been used in a range of scientific contributions, including studies on building human development indices and on the identification of megalopolises and impacted landscapes. However, the study of the area and internal structure of urban systems by nighttime light imagery has had a fundamental limitation to date: the low spatial resolution of satellite sensors. Although the DMSP Operational Linescan System (OLS) has been gathering global low-light imaging data for over 40 years, its 2.7 km/pixel footprint has limited its use for in-depth studies of urban development. The 2011 launch by NASA and the NOAA of the Suomi National Polar Partnership (SNPP) satellite, with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on board, has led to a significant improvement. This instrument has better spatial resolution (742 m/pixel), on-board calibration, a greater radiometric range, and fewer saturation and blooming problems than DMSPOLS data. However, it still has considerable limitations for the in-depth study of the area and internal structure of urban systems. The launch of Luojia 1-01 in June 2018 has increased expectations. LJ1-01 is a nano satellite weighing 20 kg that can obtain high-resolution nocturnal images (130 metres/pixel). The aim of this paper is to analyse, and compare with previous satellites, the new instrument’s capacity to delimit the urbanised area and its efficiency in identifying types of urban landscape (compact, dispersed and urban). The case study is Barcelona Metropolitan Region (3,200 km2, 4.7 million inhabitants).
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<p>There is no universal definition of a heatwave, but extreme events associated with particularly hot, sustained temperatures have been known to have a notable impact on human mortality, regional economies and... more
<p>There is no universal definition of a heatwave, but extreme events associated with particularly hot, sustained temperatures have been known to have a notable impact on human mortality, regional economies and ecosystems. In this paper, we use the concept of heatwave applied by the Spanish Meteorological Agency (AEMET). In this definition, a heatwave is considered an episode of at least three consecutive days in which the stations that are considered register maximums above the 95% percentile of the series of maximum daily temperatures for the months of July and August from the period 1971 to 2000. However, this definition has a major limitation: it refers only to maximum temperatures, not minimum ones. Maximum temperatures can have serious consequences, especially on heat stroke. However, the health effects are more pronounced in the case of night heat, where the inability to rest (especially in homes without air conditioning, as is generally the case in in Spain) can cause significant worsening of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases that produce a high proportion of premature deaths. For this reason, in this study we differentiate between heatwaves during the day (DHW) and at night (NHW), paying special attention to the latter.</p><p>The research aims to study extreme heat events in the city of Barcelona between 1971 and 2020. Since the urban climate presents a marked spatial variation, taking into account the geographical characteristics of the territory, as well as the spatial distribution of the island of urban heat, the research is carried out based on the information provided by four representative meteorological stations of the study area: Fabra Observatory, CMT, Raval and Barcelona Airport.</p><p>The maximum average temperatures at the Fabra Observatory, and for the last 50 years, increased 2.88 degrees, which represents an annual increase of 0.058 degrees/year. The minimum average temperature increased 2.38 degrees, 0.048 degrees/year. However, the increases differ very significantly depending on the spatial location of the meteorological station. The results are quite different for other observatories, as Barcelona airport. At the airport, the increase in maximum temperature was less prominent (2 °C in the last 50 years, 10.3%). However, the minimum temperatures increased by 35.8%; 3.62 °C between 1971 and 2020. An OLS model, with the maximum and minimum daily temperatures of the last 50 years from various stations (Fabra, Airport, Raval and CMT), and using the year, the month and the calendar day (cd *) as explanatory variables, generally confirmed the warming process in the Barcelona area.</p><p>Therefore, global warming is a clear reality in the Mediterranean area in which Barcelona is located. The work shows a marked difference in extreme heat events between different urban locations. The proximity to the sea, the altitude, the different urban density and the quantity and quality of urban greenery have a determining effect on daytime and nighttime heat waves.</p>
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Nighttime light imagery of the earth are a useful way to study the urbanization process. Satellite nocturnal images have been used to identify metropolitan areas as well as urban growth. However, the study of the extent and internal... more
Nighttime light imagery of the earth are a useful way to study the urbanization process. Satellite nocturnal images have been used to identify metropolitan areas as well as urban growth. However, the study of the extent and internal structure of urban systems by nighttime lights has had a fundamental limitation to date: the low spatial resolution of satellite sensors. DMSP Operational Linescan System (OLS), with its 2.7 km/pixel footprint, and Suomi National Polar Partnership (SNPP) satellite, with the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensor on board, with a spatial resolution of 742 m/pixel, still have considerable limitations for the in-depth study of the internal structure of urban systems. The launch of Luojia 1-01 in June 2018 has increased expectations. Its high-resolution nocturnal images (130 metres/pixel) allows a better in-depth study of the landscape impacted by the urbanization. Nevertheless, the areas resulting from urban sprawl process are characterized by weak night lighting, which makes identification extremely difficult. Breaking the rigid boundary that historically distinguished the urban from the rural, the topological inversion of the landscape produced by urban sprawl, makes difficult to identify the territories impacted by dispersed, fragmented and low density urbanization processes. The identification of the sprawled zones and their segmentation of the agricultural covers as well as the rest of the open spaces is especially complex, given the spatial resolution of Luojia 1-01. In this sense, the consideration of the NDVI, altitude, orientation, slope as well as the information provided by the thermal bands of Landsat8 can help to carry out a finer identification of the different urban landscapes, and specifically of the Urban Sprawl. The aim of this paper is to analyse the capacity of Luojia 1-01 to identify different types of urban landscapes, especially the results of the urban dispersion process known as Urban Sprawl. The case study is Barcelona Metropolitan Area (636 km² and 3.2 million inhabitants).
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Literature widely recognize the strong influence of urban green areas in the microclimatic regulation and its potential to mitigate warming in cities. To promote viable actions to climate change adaptation for cities through vegetation... more
Literature widely recognize the strong influence of urban green areas in the microclimatic regulation and its potential to mitigate warming in cities. To promote viable actions to climate change adaptation for cities through vegetation and therefore help to palliate the urban heat island effect (UHI) and to reduce health risk during extreme heat episodes requires accurate criteria for each context in its different scales. This study presents a multi-scale approach to quantify the influence of urban green spaces at two different scales: global (Barcelona Metro Area) and detailed (studying the environments of seven specific parks) in the urban continuum of the cities of Gavà, Viladecans and Castelldefels. For this purpose, Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 data imagery are analyzed. The study confirms the significance of the NDVI to moderate the LST, as well as the intensity and extent of the cooling effect of the parks. In conclusion, the models and methods applied in this study suggest effective planning measures to moderate UHI.
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The separation between the countryside and the city, from rural and urban areas, has been one of the central themes of the literature on urban and territorial studies. The seminal work of Kingsley Davis [10] in the 1950s introduced a wide... more
The separation between the countryside and the city, from rural and urban areas, has been one of the central themes of the literature on urban and territorial studies. The seminal work of Kingsley Davis [10] in the 1950s introduced a wide and fruitful debate which, however, has not yet concluded in a rigorous definition that allows for comparative studies at the national and subnational levels of a scientific nature. In particular, the United Nations (UN) definition of urban and rural population is overly linked to political and administrative factors that make it difficult to use data adequately to understand the human settlement structure of different countries. The present paper seeks to define a more rigorous methodology for the identification of rural and urban areas. For this purpose it uses the night lights supplied by the SNPP satellite, and more specifically by the VIIRS sensor for the determination of the urbanization gradient, and by means of the same construct a more realistic indicator than the statistics provided by the UN. The arrival of electrification to nearly every corner of the planet is certainly the first and most meaningful indicator of artificialization of land. In this sense, this paper proposes a new methodology designed to identify highly impacted (urbanized) landscapes worldwide based on the analysis of satellite imagery of night-time lights. The application of this methodology on a global scale identifies the land highly impacted by light, the urbanization process, and allows an index to be drawn up of Land Impacted by Light per capita (LILpc) as an indicator of the level of urbanization. The methodology used in this paper can be summarized in the following steps: a) a logistic regression between US Urban Areas (UA), as a dependent variable, and night-time light intensity, as an explanatory variable, allows us to establish a nightlight intensity level for the determination of Areas Highly Impacted by Light (AHIL); b) the delimitation of the centers and peripheries is made by setting a threshold of night-time light intensity that allows the inclusion of most of the centers and sub-centers; c) once identified urbanized areas, or AHIL, it is necessary to delimit the rural areas, or Areas Little Impacted by Light (ALIL), which are characterized by low intensity night light; d) finally, rurban landscapes are those with nightlight intensities between ALIL and AHIL. The developed methodology allows comparing the degree of urbanization of the different countries and regions, surpassing the dual approach that has traditionally been used. This paper enables us to identify the different typologies of urbanized areas (villages, cities and metropolitan areas), as well as “rural”, “rurban”, “periurban” and “central” landscapes. The study identifies 186,134 illuminated contours (urbanized areas). 404 of these contours have more than 1,000,000 inhabitants and can be considered real “metropolitan areas”; on the other hand there are 161,821 contours with less than 5,000 inhabitants, which we identified as “villages”. Finally, the paper shows that 40.26% live in rural areas, 15.53% in rurban spaces, 26.04% in suburban areas and only 18.16% in central areas.
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Research Interests: Geography, Economic Geography, Remote Sensing, Economic Development, Urban Policy, and 12 moreUrbanization, Urban Development, Urban Sprawl, Suburbanization, Sustainable City, Satellite Imagery, Sustainable Use, Metropolitan Area, Land Consumption, Diffuse City, consumption sociology, and Low density
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Global Warming is causing increasing Heat Waves (HW) that affect human health. In this context, urban heat islands (UHI) increase the effects of heatwaves, representing a serious inconvenience to human health and comfort. For these... more
Global Warming is causing increasing Heat Waves (HW) that affect human health. In this context, urban heat islands (UHI) increase the effects of heatwaves, representing a serious inconvenience to human health and comfort. For these reasons the study of UHI is of great importance in the context of climate change and global warming. The literature on urban climate has highlighted the singular importance of the nighttime UHI. High nighttime temperatures have a negative effect on human comfort and health. Situation that is aggravated in extreme heat events, such as Heat Waves. For this reason, this work seeks to study the spatial distribution of temperature in a situation of maximum nocturnal thermal stress, in order to know the real impact of UHI in heat wave episodes. Given the practical identity between air temperature (that is, that experienced by humans) and land surface temperature (obtained by remote sensing), the study of the nocturnal LST is of great importance. This paper aims to develop a nighttime land surface temperature (LST) model using Landsat imagery in order to study UHI contribution in HW episodes. Once nighttime LST (supplied by the Landsat 8 TIR sensor) has been obtained, the analysis of the mean temperature of land uses (obtained by Urban Atlas) allows a first approach to the UHI at night. First of all, a "geographic" OLS model is developed, with explanatory variables such as longitude, latitude, altitude, slope, orientation and distance to the sea. Model that allows knowing the impact of the "physical" variables in the spatial distribution of the nocturnal LST, without considering the urban aspects. Next, the real surface temperature of each type of urban and rural landscape is compared with that obtained in the "geographic" model. Comparison that allows knowing not only which landscapes are hotter (or colder), but also their heat balance in relation to their physical-geographical characteristics. Finally, an OLS model is developed integrating, together with the "geographical" variables, "urbanterritorial" variables (such as NDVI, NDBI, albedo, imperviousness, …). "Hybrid" model that allows to know in detail the spatial distribution of the UHI, as well as the contribution of each type of urban landscape to the night UHI. The case study is the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (636 km2, 3.3 million inhabitants).
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The study of urban heat islands (UHI) is of great importance in the context of climate change (CC) and global warming. Cities accumulate heat in urban land covers as well as in built infrastructures, representing true islands of heat in... more
The study of urban heat islands (UHI) is of great importance in the context of climate change (CC) and global warming. Cities accumulate heat in urban land covers as well as in built infrastructures, representing true islands of heat in relation to their rural (less artificialized) environment. The densest urban spaces as well as the industrial and commercial areas are characterized by accumulating more heat during the day. On the other hand, the areas of lower density, the Urban Sprawl, tend to have a better climatic behaviour. The lower density as well as the greater amount of vegetation in the Urban Sprawl areas reduce the UHI during daylight hours. Nevertheless, the literature on urban climate has highlighted the singular importance of the nighttime UHI. It is during the night that the effects of UHI become more apparent, due to the low cooling capacity of urban construction materials and is during nighttime that temperatures can cause higher health risks, leading to the aggravation of negative impacts on people’s health and comfort in extreme events such as heat waves becoming more and more frequent and lasting longer. However, the study of nocturnal UHIs is still poorly developed, due to the structural problems regarding the availability of land surface and air temperature data for night time. This paper aims to develop a model for nocturnal UHI using data from Landsat thermal bands (with spatial resolution of 30 square meters per pixel) and contrasting Landsat's very limited nighttime images with daytime ones. The contrast allows the construction of “cooling” models of the LST based on geographical (longitude, latitude, distance to the sea, DTM, slope, orientation, etc.) and land covers characteristics (density, vegetation and building indexes, impervious surface, and others parameters). Said models will allow evaluating the nighttime LST of the different urban landscapes: historical centers, "ensanches", discontinuous urban fabrics (of different densities), scattered building areas and industrial and commercial areas, trying to clarify the nightly UHI of Urban Sprawl. The case study is the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona (636 km2, 3.3 million inhabitants).
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La posible intensificación del ciclo hidrológico debido al cambio climático y sus efectos en la hidrología deben tenerse en consideración con el fin de prevenir problemas futuros en los sistemas de drenaje urbano. Las curvas de... more
La posible intensificación del ciclo hidrológico debido al cambio climático y sus efectos en la hidrología deben tenerse en consideración con el fin de prevenir problemas futuros en los sistemas de drenaje urbano. Las curvas de intensidad-duración-frecuencia (IDF), una importante herramienta utilizada en el diseño y construcción de diferentes estructuras hidrológicas para la gestión del agua, podrían verse alteradas por un supuesto aumento de las lluvias intensas debido al cambio climático (Rodríguez et al. 2014). Así como en otras latitudes se ha reportado un aumento de la precipitación total debido al calentamiento global (IPCC, 2007), en la zona mediterránea varios estudios apuntan una tendencia dominante decreciente en las últimas décadas (Pérez y Boscolo 2010). No ocurre así con la precipitación de carácter extremo o torrencial, para la cual se prevé un aumento, debido a una mayor ocurrencia de episodios lluviosos más cortos y de mayor intensidad (Christensen y Christensen 2003...
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Objetivo: La investigación plantea el estudio del rol de los mercados municipales de Barcelona como agente de revitalización urbana, identificando sus sinergias espaciales, funcionales y sociales. Desarrollando un análisis de su atractivo... more
Objetivo: La investigación plantea el estudio del rol de los mercados municipales de Barcelona como agente de revitalización urbana, identificando sus sinergias espaciales, funcionales y sociales. Desarrollando un análisis de su atractivo comercial; como focos de polaridad de comercio de proximidad, y de su atractivo social; como puntos de encuentro y sociabilidad en los barrios. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo que permitió una evaluación conjunta de los mercados municipales de Barcelona, mediante la revisión bibliográfica y sistematización de datos mediante el uso de herramientas de georreferenciación (SIG). Asimismo, se formularon entrevistas semiestructuradas a los actores, permitiendo conocer sus perspectivas. Derivando finalmente en el estudio de caso del Mercado de L’Abacería Central – Vila de Gracia. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el carácter revitalizador que los mercados aportan al tejido urbano y social de la ciudad no es una cualidad aislada...
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El objetivo principal de este estudio es caracterizar la intensidad de la isla de calor urbana en la ciudad de Barcelona a lo largo del periodo octubre 2006 - octubre 2017. La intensidad de la isla de calor es la diferencia de... more
El objetivo principal de este estudio es caracterizar la intensidad de la isla de calor urbana en la ciudad de Barcelona a lo largo del periodo octubre 2006 - octubre 2017. La intensidad de la isla de calor es la diferencia de temperatura, en un momento determinado, entre el núcleo urbano y las zonas no urbanas (o periurbanas) próximas. Es el indicador más sencillo para cuantificar el calentamiento de la ciudad, en relación a su entorno, especialmente durante las horas nocturnas. Para que la diferencia de temperaturas se pueda atribuir a los efectos de la urbanización, se requiere que los emplazamientos que se comparan sean suficientemente cercanos como para tener el mismo clima regional y que sus factores geográficos locales (altitud y distancia al mar) sean similares. En este estudio, se calculan, día a día, las diferencias de las temperaturas mínimas registradas en la estación meteorológica de El Raval, situada en el centro de Barcelona, y el observatorio meteorológico del aeropu...
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La Región Metropolitana de Barcelona (RMB), es una de las áreas del Mediterráneo más densamente pobladas. Por ello, tiene mucho interés conocer con detalle la temperatura del aire, ya que, en situaciones extremas, como olas de frío o de... more
La Región Metropolitana de Barcelona (RMB), es una de las áreas del Mediterráneo más densamente pobladas. Por ello, tiene mucho interés conocer con detalle la temperatura del aire, ya que, en situaciones extremas, como olas de frío o de calor, puede afectar a la salud y calidad de vida de la población. Puesto que el número de estaciones termométricas que hay en la actualidad es insuficiente para realizar una interpolación óptima, se opta por estimar la temperatura del aire a partir de la temperatura en superficie, proporcionada por el satélite MODIS, y de otras variables como los índices de vegetación y de edificación y variables topogeográficas. Para ello se ha realizado la Regresión Múltiple en la que las variables dependientes son la temperatura mínima, media y máxima diaria del aire de 48 estaciones termométricas. Las variables independientes de la regresión son: las temperaturas en superficie de día y de noche, los índices de vegetación NDVI y de edificación NDBI, todas ellas c...
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El proceso de metropolitanización ha marcado el desarrollo urbano del siglo XX. Sin embargo, especialmente desde 1950, se ha venido produciendo un verdadero cambio de escala en dicho crecimiento: el crecimiento infinito de las periferias... more
El proceso de metropolitanización ha marcado el desarrollo urbano del siglo XX. Sin embargo, especialmente desde 1950, se ha venido produciendo un verdadero cambio de escala en dicho crecimiento: el crecimiento infinito de las periferias metropolitanas, alentado por el proceso de urban sprawl, la urbanización creciente de los entornos rurales en los intersticios existentes entre las ciudades, no sólo ha venido a enlazar espacialmente sistemas urbanos anteriormente aislados, sino que ha generado nuevos espacios urbanos caracterizados por una creciente complejidad, así como por la expansión ilimitada del fenómeno urbanizador. Las megalópolis, intuidas a principios del siglo XX por los pensadores precursores del urbanismo contemporáneo, se han hecho realidad. El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en realizar un ensayo para la identificación y caracterización preliminar de las megalópolis en los inicios del siglo XXI. La publicación reciente por la NASA de la imagen planetaria de las luc...
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Partiendo de la premisa que uno de los principales objetivos de toda sociedad debería ser el proporcionar un entorno accesible y libre de barreras a todas las personas, se desarrolla este artículo, cuyo objetivo principal es presentar una... more
Partiendo de la premisa que uno de los principales objetivos de toda sociedad debería ser el proporcionar un entorno accesible y libre de barreras a todas las personas, se desarrolla este artículo, cuyo objetivo principal es presentar una síntesis de los trabajos realizados en el marco del proyecto Ciudad sin Barreras. Herramienta para la evaluación y visualización de la accesibilidad al espacio público, en base a tecnologías TLS, GIS i GPS, así como también el explicar sus principales resultados, consistentes en herramientas de evaluación de la accesibilidad y de información de rutas óptimas en entornos urbanos.
Para ello en una primera etapa se desarrolla el contexto de la situación de la accesibilidad; presentando algunas estadísticas de las características de la población con diversidad funcional, así como abordando conceptos como la accesibilidad universal e incidiendo en las aportaciones que la nuevas Tecnologías de la información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) pueden realizar en la mejora de las condiciones de accesibilidad.
Se desarrolla un breve análisis del estado actual de las metodologías de evaluación de la accesibilidad, así como de tecnologías utilizadas en el desarrollo de herramientas de evaluación previas. A partir de las cuales se explican los desarrollos específicos en el marco del proyecto y los resultados del mismo.
Respecto de estos últimos, se incide en la importancia de realizar los cálculos de accesibilidad sobre una base métrica de precisión (en este caso un MDT) obtenido mediante TLS, en base a parámetros previamente probados, pero sobre todo se incide en el valor de la herramienta de cálculo de las rutas optimas resultantes, directamente como resultados de los parámetros de evaluación sobre todas las superficies posibles de ambos casos estudiados, disponible tanto en Web como en App.
Para ello en una primera etapa se desarrolla el contexto de la situación de la accesibilidad; presentando algunas estadísticas de las características de la población con diversidad funcional, así como abordando conceptos como la accesibilidad universal e incidiendo en las aportaciones que la nuevas Tecnologías de la información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) pueden realizar en la mejora de las condiciones de accesibilidad.
Se desarrolla un breve análisis del estado actual de las metodologías de evaluación de la accesibilidad, así como de tecnologías utilizadas en el desarrollo de herramientas de evaluación previas. A partir de las cuales se explican los desarrollos específicos en el marco del proyecto y los resultados del mismo.
Respecto de estos últimos, se incide en la importancia de realizar los cálculos de accesibilidad sobre una base métrica de precisión (en este caso un MDT) obtenido mediante TLS, en base a parámetros previamente probados, pero sobre todo se incide en el valor de la herramienta de cálculo de las rutas optimas resultantes, directamente como resultados de los parámetros de evaluación sobre todas las superficies posibles de ambos casos estudiados, disponible tanto en Web como en App.