Downtown

Chapter 3 presents empirically informed analyses of a number of new public
space projects initiated first as counter-projects and counter-spaces
by a variety of community and historic preservation society interests.
It demonstrates further that, Vancouver City Council (VCC) proved
receptive to the counter-projects and provided an overarching strategic
spatial framework within which the projects on the ground were
devised and implemented. This chapter also introduces the importance
of the social animation of public space, whether through politicised
collective action or ludic enjoyment. Changing representations of space
through time are shown to have implications for spatial practice on the ground, based on differences in the way social behaviour in public
space is understood and interpreted.

During the period between 1860 and 1940, Downtown Cairo witnessed a major building boom that gave birth to a unique architecture combining European styles with local influences and materials. The architectural product of that era will never be equalled and we need to increase the public awareness to these historic buildings that may be less than a hundred years old. The purpose of this project is to document this endangered architectural heritage as a pilot project, using the latest technology in Geographic Information Systems (GIs) thus enabling a variety of users (for instance the municipality, historians, architects, tourists) to browse the database and to locate historic buildings.

Aydın Türk, Y. (2017). The Development of Commercial Functions From The Past to The Present and The Trends in Downtown Changes: The Example of Trabzon. In H. Arapgirlioğlu, A. Atik, R. L. Elliott, & E. Turgeon (Eds.), Researches on Science and Art in 21th Century Turkey (Vol. 1, pp.1299-1306). Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION:
Due to urban development, the commercial functions in Trabzon city center have changed and improved both qualitatively and quantitively. The city center first expanded to its surrounding areas sporadically like oil stains. Some of the functions in the center moved out of the center and due to the outward sprawl of the center some new centers were born. Some functions concentrated in the newborn subcenters and they gained a specialized subcenter character.
The urban functions that developed and changed parallel to the developments in technology, communication and transportation emerged as specialized subcenters outside the city center in the east and west for such reasons as logistical convenience, parking facilities, proximity to the coastal road and need for the use of larger areas.
The newly emerging types of trade or land uses that are determined by planning decisions and certain investments concomitantly attract certain types of trade and service. For this reason, when making plan decisions it is important that land uses and designs should be taken into consideration. When one considers the functional centers outside the city center that require use of large lands and where it is possible to drive cars, it is necessary to make a good planning for mass transportation and personnel vehicle transportation. The city has shown a linear development, is very close to the surrounding settlements and has been in interaction with them. For this reason, it is important that a holistic and comprehensive planning approach should be adopted for the whole of the city. Within Trabzon has had the status of a metropolis and in this context, it is important and necessary that in the planning works for the peripheral settlements, planners should adopt approaches towards the conversion of the fragmented structure into a more holistic and sustainable structure.

THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES what may first appear to be a relatively mundane event and an apparently common-sense project: assembling approximately twenty women (faculty members, graduate students, community-based researchers) in one space (one room in one building at a designated address marked on a map), at one time (from 1:00 PM to 3:00 PM Greenwich time, according to a twenty-four-hour clock), on one day (a date plotted on the Julian calendar as 23 July 2000). The reason these diverse groups of women got together was to collaborate on designing and planning research intended to document and analyze the relationships between housing and health as created, understood, and articulated by low-income women living in inner-city Vancouver. Specifically, we were gathering to plan a six-week pilot project to test the participatory methodology we hoped to practise during a three-year research project entitled the Health and Home Research Project. Through offering a "thick description"...

La géographie urbaine de l’exclusion fait face à deux questions : quelle méthode pour l’appréhender ? Quelle répartition spatiale de la pauvreté dans les villes ?
Pour y répondre, ce livre crée d’abord un nouvel indice synthétique d’exclusion, agrégeant treize indicateurs issus de différentes sources. Ensuite, en appliquant cet indice aux grandes métropoles françaises, il montre les limites de la « gentrification », terme qui désigne la réoccupation du centre des villes par des catégories socioprofessionnelles relativement aisées, après réhabilitation urbaine de quartiers dotés d’un cachet historique.
Alors que la vision habituelle de la géographie de la pauvreté est celle d’un modèle européen (un centre-ville relativement aisé entouré de banlieues défavorisées), les métropoles françaises fonctionnent plutôt sur un modèle américain (un centre-ville dégradé avec une périphérie mieux lotie). Toutefois, il existe d’incontestables diversités spatiales de la pauvreté entre les agglomérations de Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Nice, Marseille et Toulouse. Les données et les nombreuses cartes proposées sont parlantes. Enfin ce livre explique en détail les facteurs de chaque géographie sociale urbaine. Démontrant le caractère centripète de la localisation des problèmes sociaux, ce livre, aux résultats originaux et frappants, fait date.

Key Words:
Mexico City, Mexiko Stadt, Città del Messico, Rascasuelo, grattasuolo, gratte-sol, earthscraper, earth-scraper, earth scraper, Bunker Arquitectura, Esteban Suarez, Zocalo, Arief Budiman, Herzog and De Meuron, heritage, patrimoine, centre-ville, place, Platz, square, Mexique

During the period between 1860 and 1940, Downtown Cairo witnessed a major building boom that gave birth to a unique architecture combining European styles with local influences and materials. The architectural product of that era will never be equalled and we need to increase the public awareness to these historic buildings that may be less than a hundred years old. The purpose of this project is to document this endangered architectural heritage as a pilot project, using the latest technology in Geographic Information Systems (GIs) thus enabling a variety of users (for instance the municipality, historians, architects, tourists) to browse the database and to locate historic buildings.

In the following article the attention is paid mainly to public space attractiveness questions. The main idea in a context of aesthetic and functional issues of urban renewal is to enable all the participants to start a dialogue. It is needed so as to identify local community’s needs, preferences and aspirations. There is presented a case study of a city of Poznan in the context of a common city centre problems as well as ongoing spatial and social changes.