Urban Landscapes

In the 1880s British and American planned industrial communities revealed a distinct shift in spatial practices as two discrete architecture and landscape architectural aesthetics were applied to community design: Beaux Arts, and Arts and Crafts. Two of the most extensive planned industrial communities during this decade received aesthetic attention: Pullman, Illinois near Chicago (1880), established by George Pullman, and Port Sunlight, near Liverpool (1888), established by William Lever. Both Pullman and Lever believed that by applying a distinctive aesthetic they could establish a cohesive visual ideology for social control. Lever and Pullman believed that by creating “beautiful” spaces, this would encourage and/or constrain worker attitudes and behaviors, what Henri Lefebvre calls “means of control” (1991, p 26). In addition, both Pullman and Port Sunlight became central to establishing and maintaining each company's brand identity. This paper explores the visual ideologies these two industrialists used to produce a distinctive sense of community while also revealing the inherent tensions and limitations of those aesthetics. Not only do Pullman and Port Sunlight reflect an important shift in spatial practices during the 1880s, their architects and landscape architects became influential leaders in the visual ideologies of the City Beautiful and Garden City planning movements.

How to explore photography as a way of problematizing urban phenomena? Is it possible to use different aesthetic concepts, in photography, to expand the dialogue with cities? These two questions guide the photographic research developed as part of the project, "Highrise Living and the Inclusive City", with a focus in São Paulo / Brazil and Lyon / France. The first question highlights the territory and the production of capitalist urban space by photography realized in fieldwork. The second one involves editing and re-elaborating the images, considering the approximation between the research project, local records and photography aesthetic. The High-Rise Project, on the other hand, discusses the contemporary verticalization process and its spatial and social implications in Sao Paulo city, considering a contextual (São Paulo, Lyon) and multiscale analysis model, while incorporating different reading strategies and territory interpretation. The field study, initially organized as a team, resulted in different materials, including the photographic one, from which discussion and editing meetings were conducted by this researcher, considering possibilities for language experiments in interaction with the territory. The series and photographic montages realized allowed a reflection about the relationship between public spaces and paths capturing a specific ambience to the places; and, also, exploring different comparative strategies that highlight, in the four distinct regions, intense landscape transformation due to verticalization. On the other hand, these photographic setting acquire a relative autonomy in relation to the original project, being placed on the edge of applicated use of image and esthetic research with its own characteristics.

Les Jardins des femmes presents the work of artist and professor, Cynthia Imogen Hammond. Several series of paintings, all created between 2017-2019, explore the complex and powerful relationships between historic gardens and the women who occupy and care for them, including the garden of the Caetani Cultural Centre in Vernon; the garden of the Colby-Curtis Museum in Stanstead, and the garden of St Margaret's Home, also known as the Notman Garden, in Montreal. Working with archival documents, photographs, and interviews, Hammond’s paintings are in dialogue with the past but attest to the ongoing importance of such gardens, especially the Notman Garden, which today is on the cusp of change. This exhibition is a collaboration between Cynthia Hammond and Annmarie Adams, an architectural historian at McGill University. Dr Adams lent her voice to the collective struggle to save Notman House from development in the early 2000s. Her texts accompany the exhibition.

Mutevoli e sfaccettati, quelli in cui abitiamo sono paesaggi che tremano, molto spesso spogli di quei valori che li caratterizzavano così distintamente un tempo. La Convenzione Europea del Paesaggio nasce con la missione prioritariamente etica di garantire alle persone un paesaggio di qualità, che contribuisca al benessere, al soddisfacimento dei desideri di sviluppo delle comunità ed al rafforzamento dell'identità europea. Tale proposito oggi ha bisogno di nuovi strumenti per determinare la sua efficacia sul territorio senza però rischiare di aggiungere complessità alla fitta gerarchia di strumenti urbanistici vigenti. Di fronte a questa duplice domanda di recupero di senso dei luoghi attraverso agevoli mezzi, gli obiettivi di qualità paesaggistica possono fornire una risposta innovativa che si articola secondo tre parametri capaci di descrivere l'attuale posizione di un paesaggio nello spazio percettivo della popolazione: Modulo, Direzione e Verso. Parole chiave Obiettivi di qualità paesaggistica, qualità del paesaggio, osservatori del paesaggio, indicatori di qualità paesaggistica.

La rappresentazione della trasformazione di paesaggi
urbani, grazie agli strumenti offerti dalla convergenza
al digitale, sempre più si avvale di
prodotti multimediali in cui la commistione fra
reale e virtuale avviene senza soluzione di continuità.
Nelle prefigurazioni così generate vero, falso
e finto si sovrappongono e confondono, esercitando
un innegabile potere seduttivo. Attraverso
l’analisi di alcuni casi studio riferiti a recenti interventi
di riqualificazione urbana in ambito europeo
e di esperienze personalmente condotte si discuterà
dei limiti, delle derive e delle potenzialità di
tali sistemi di rappresentazione e comunicazione.
The representation of transformation of urban
landscapes, thanks to the tools offered by the digital
convergence, more and more uses of multimedia
outputs where the mix between real and
virtual is done seamlessly. In the simulations created,
true, false, and fake overlap and merge, exerting
an undeniable seductive power. Through
the analysis of case studies referred to recent intervention
of urban regeneration in Europe and
experiences personally conducted I will discuss
about the limits, the drifts and the potential of
these systems of representation and communication.

“Beauty will save the world”. This celebrated claim by Dostoyevsky uniting aesthetic and ethical aspects finds its roots in the Greek principle that beauty coincides with goodness [1]. In the Greek world, “beautiful” and “good” are so indissoluble that a term exists to describe both concepts: kalokagathos, “beautiful and good”.

Urban rooftops are a potential source of water, energy, and food that contribute to make cities more resilient and sustainable. The use of smart technologies such as solar panels or cool roofs helps to reach energy and climate targets. This work presents a flexible methodology based on the use of geographical information systems that allow evaluating the potential use of roofs in a densely built-up context, estimating the roof areas that can be renovated or used to produce renewable energy. The methodology was applied to the case study of the city of Turin in Italy, a 3D roof model was designed, some scenarios were investigated, and priorities of interventions were established, taking into account the conditions of the urban landscape. The applicability of smart solutions was conducted as a support to the review of the Building Annex Energy Code of Turin, within the project ‘Re-Coding’, which aimed to update the current building code of the city. In addition, environmental, economic...

Urban rooftops are a potential source of water, energy, and food that contribute to make cities more resilient and sustainable. The use of smart technologies such as solar panels or cool roofs helps to reach energy and climate targets. This work presents a flexible methodology based on the use of geographical information systems that allow evaluating the potential use of roofs in a densely built-up context, estimating the roof areas that can be renovated or used to produce renewable energy. The methodology was applied to the case study of the city of Turin in Italy, a 3D roof model was designed, some scenarios were investigated, and priorities of interventions were established, taking into account the conditions of the urban landscape. The applicability of smart solutions was conducted as a support to the review of the Building Annex Energy Code of Turin, within the project ‘Re-Coding’, which aimed to update the current building code of the city. In addition, environmental, economic...

Featured Application: This work presents the analysis of the element of the 'roof' as a methodological approach to assess the renovation opportunities of existing rooftops, as a stimulus to mitigate the urban phenomena of heat island mitigation by focusing on the role of codes, policies, and regulations in cities. Abstract: Urban rooftops are a potential source of water, energy, and food that contribute to make cities more resilient and sustainable. The use of smart technologies such as solar panels or cool roofs helps to reach energy and climate targets. This work presents a flexible methodology based on the use of geographical information systems that allow evaluating the potential use of roofs in a densely built-up context, estimating the roof areas that can be renovated or used to produce renewable energy. The methodology was applied to the case study of the city of Turin in Italy, a 3D roof model was designed, some scenarios were investigated, and priorities of interventions were established, taking into account the conditions of the urban landscape. The applicability of smart solutions was conducted as a support to the review of the Building Annex Energy Code of Turin, within the project 'Re-Coding', which aimed to update the current building code of the city. In addition, environmental, economic, and social impacts were assessed to identify the more effective energy efficiency measures. In the Turin context, using an insulated green roof, there was energy saving in consumption for heating up to 88 kWh/m 2 /year and for cooling of 10 kWh/m 2 /year, with a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 193 tCO2eq/MWh/year and 14 tCO2eq/MWh/year, respectively. This approach could be a significant support in the identification and promotion of energy efficiency solutions to exploit also renewable energy resources with low greenhouse gas emissions.

Newly constructed cities or new towns, like the new model in modern urban planning
have great importance and until now different countries including India have used this
model in urban planning with various motives and in various forms.
Landscape and public spaces design has been the basic concern of landscape architects and
urban designers. Landscape can strengthen the city's cohesion and Cause environmental
sustainability and readability. Public space is a social space which makes sense in line
with the objectives of human and aesthetic principles.
The present article aims to study Indian new towns and focuses on public spaces in these
cities to review their weaknesses and continuing changes. Also, by examining, analyzing
and comparing the samples we answer the question: “what are the cause of the failure
and the lack of opportunities for social interaction in some of these public spaces? Which
deficiencies have made people to change these public spaces?”
This article studies new towns using library documents, written and internet sources and
articles related to the samples. Also, this model is analyzed using field studies.

It is difficult to determine if smaller urban landscapes such as foundation plantings around buildings are just ornamental or if they have crossed a threshold and become functional communities. We hypothesize that one measure of functionality is the emergence of symbiotic relationships and ecosystem engineers, in particular the appearance of mycorrhizae. The mycorrhizae themselves are difficult to detect but a good indicator of their presence would be the grazers of mycorrhizae and their predators, in particular the microarthropods (Oribatid, Mesostigmatid and Prostigmatid mites and Collembolans). We hypothesize that microarthropod diversity and abundance can indicate when the functional threshold has been crossed. In this study microarthropods in the top two cm of soil were compared among urban, mid-urban (transitional) and natural sites on the University of Victoria campus, British Columbia. We found significantly fewer total microarthropods in the urban sites compared with mid-urban and natural sites. When microarthropods were separated by trophic level, we found that low trophic level microarthropods (dominated by Oribatid mites and Collembolans), were significantly more abundant in natural sites, while predaceous microarthropods (Mesostigmatid mites and Pseudoscorpions) were significantly more abundant in the mid-urban sites. We conclude that soil microarthropod diversity and bundance can indicate when a community has become ecologically functional and is not just ornamental.