- Archaeology, Ancient economies (Archaeology), Prehistoric Archaeology, Archaeological Method & Theory, Pottery (Archaeology), Makó Kosihy, and 26 moreNagyrév, Bell Beaker, Hungary, Prehistory, Settlement Patterns, Neolithic Europe, History of Archaeology, Hystory of Archaeology, Cultural History, Landscape Archaeology, Cultural Landscapes, Neolithic, Stone tools, Copper age, Neolithic Archaeology, Quantitative Methods, Medieval ceramics (Archaeology), Lengyel Culture, Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Prehistoric Settlement, Medieval castles, Baden culture, Linear Pottery Culture, Studying funerary rituals about inhumation and cremation., Cremation as a funeral practices, and Interested in cremation and inhumation of funerary rituals of the past.edit
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Cremation was one of the permissible burial practices in the Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). This treatment has largely remained unexplained by previous research in Central Europe due to its descriptive nature. As a result, we present... more
Cremation was one of the permissible burial practices in the Linear Pottery Culture (LPC). This treatment has largely remained unexplained by previous research in Central Europe due to its descriptive nature. As a result, we present several thoughts on some key issues here. First, we discuss the current state of research in Central Europe, as well as some specifics with regard to the LPC and cremation. Second, we focus on two graveyards with exclusively or primarily cremation graves. Based on the current state of research, our goal is to evaluate the results obtained using a quantitative data analysis method, as well as an evaluation of the interpretation of cremation within the LPC population.
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The study presents the settlement at the Pustý hrad Castle in Zvolen-Upper castle area in the Late and Final Bronze Age through the expression of pottery. The assemblage includes the diagnostic ceramic material found during systematic... more
The study presents the settlement at the Pustý hrad Castle in Zvolen-Upper castle area in the Late and Final Bronze Age through the expression of pottery. The assemblage includes the diagnostic ceramic material found during systematic excavation since 2016. The amount and variability of the culturally heterogeneous pottery collection document the intense presence and movement of people at this hillfort in the Urnfield culture period. A thorough analysis of the pottery allowed the specification of the basic settlement phases from the Late Bronze Age (stage HA1) to the beginning of the Hallstatt period (stage HC1), which corresponds with the period approx. from the 12 th to the 8 th century BC. Highland settlement at Upper castle site belongs to a system of hillforts established at geographically favourable sites in the mountainous region of the Slovenské stredohorie mountains at the end of the Bronze Age.
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This contribution presents and interprets the results of the analysis of fauna relics from the Pustý hrad Castle in Zvolen in Central Slovakia. The analysed series comes from the Upper castle, from the half of the 13th to the 14th... more
This contribution presents and interprets the results of the analysis of fauna relics from the Pustý hrad Castle in Zvolen in Central Slovakia. The analysed series comes from the Upper castle, from the half of the 13th to the 14th centuries. A total of 6082 bone fragments weighing about 28 kg were processed. In addition to standard quantification methods (MNI, NISP and weight), the age of the animals and the relative quality of the meat from the body parts represented were also analysed. At the same time, the analysis also considered individual buildings, their location and function, and thus the differences in the representation of species in individual units. Comparisons of results with analogous collections from the late medieval castles of the Hungarian and Czech Kingdoms were not left out either.
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Abstrakt: Cieľom je predstaviť a interpretovať výsledky analýzy faunálnych pozostatkov z vrcholnostredovekého hradu Peťuša v katastrálnom území Ostrá Lúka, okres Zvolen. Analyzovaný súbor pochádza z výskumu lokality v rokoch 2011–2017.... more
Abstrakt: Cieľom je predstaviť a interpretovať výsledky analýzy faunálnych pozostatkov z vrcholnostredovekého hradu Peťuša v katastrálnom území Ostrá Lúka, okres Zvolen. Analyzovaný súbor pochádza z výskumu lokality v rokoch 2011–2017. Osteologické pozostatky tvorilo celkovo 6 791 fragmentov s hmotnosťou približne 49,3 kg. Pri analýze boli použité kvantifikačné metó-dy – NISP a MNI. Dominovali domáce druhy (napr. tur domáci, sviňa domáca, ovca/koza atď.) nad lovenými (napr. srnec hôrny, jeleň obyčajný, zajac poľný atď.). Zároveň tu boli zachytené aj pozostatky komenzálnych živočíchov a malakofauna. Na lokalite sa objavuje hlavne bežný kuchynský odpad so stopami po sekaní a rezaní, ale zachytené boli aj stopy po zuboch hlo-davcov či mäsožravcov. Na niektorých kostiach boli zaznamenané aj stopy po pôsobení žiaru, predovšetkým na domácich druhoch (ovca/koza, sviňa domáca, tur domáci), vyskytujú sa však aj na kostiach divých druhov (jeleň, srnec). Na lokalite predpokladáme aj spracovani...
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The aim of the contribution is to bring near the actual agricultural labour work, it´s products and tools on an example of a Romanian village Bezid. Agriculture has always been the primary daily occupation of examined community.... more
The aim of the contribution is to bring near the actual agricultural labour work, it´s products and tools on an example of a Romanian village Bezid. Agriculture has always been the primary daily occupation of examined community. Attraction of the locality is, that lot of daily used tools are archaic and at the same time agricultural labour work of soil cultivation and their activity sequence remains in this region from the half of 20th century to this day unchanged. The paper is divided into sections which describe farming, gardening and breeding activity of the community. At the end is explained the care maintenance of hand tools, which is an inseparable part of agricultural holding.
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The paper discusses a single find of a Roman coin – a subaerat Gallienus antoninianus – a random find from the Pustý hrad (Deserted) Castle in Zvolen. The find corroborates the view that the site was settled in the early or late Roman... more
The paper discusses a single find of a Roman coin – a subaerat Gallienus antoninianus – a random find from the Pustý hrad (Deserted) Castle in Zvolen. The find corroborates the view that the site was settled in the early or late Roman Period. The coin is a Roman currency commonly used in trade with the Quadi. A thorough analysis of the coin allowed us to determine its age, method of production and interpret its historical context. So far, no similar contemporary finds of young subaerat antoninianus coins are known from the Danubian Barbaricum.
This paper discusses selected small metal finds linked with belief found at the medieval royal seat Pustý hrad (Deserted Castle) in Zvolen, Central Slovakia. As part of the latest research into the Upper Castle between 2016 and 2020,... more
This paper discusses selected small metal finds linked with belief found at the medieval royal seat Pustý hrad (Deserted Castle) in Zvolen, Central Slovakia. As part of the latest research into the Upper Castle between 2016 and 2020, several dozen minor metal items were discovered, from which we will present specimens with religious motifs. Analysis of the selected examples of material culture brought information not only about the spectrum of forms and decorations of finds going back to the 13th-14th century but above all about their differences in meaning and types. In the form of discussion, we also reflect on the significant concentration of this type of metal finds in the Upper Castle around the peak platform near the flanking tower in the eastern line of the castle curtain wall and its possible role in crafts and money forging activities.
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A tanulmány a közép-szlovákiai Zólyomban (Zvolen) Pusztavár-Alsóvár lakótoronyának kutatásából származó leletek elemzésével foglalkozik. Az Alsóváron található lakótorony építése és használata a 13. századra, fokozatos pusztulása a 14.... more
A tanulmány a közép-szlovákiai Zólyomban (Zvolen) Pusztavár-Alsóvár lakótoronyának kutatásából származó leletek elemzésével foglalkozik. Az Alsóváron található lakótorony építése és használata a 13. századra, fokozatos pusztulása a 14. század elejére tehető. A vár a híres középkori Zólyomi erdő területén található. Az elhagyott várból származó csontleletek 3633 darabot tartalmaztak, amelyek súlya körülbelül 19,3 kg. A sorozatban a háziállatok domináltak (szarvasmarha, sertés, juh/kecske, kutya, macska stb.), és kevesebb a vadászott állat (őz, gímszarvas, nyúl, mókus stb.). Szerepelnek köztük társállatfajok, békák és a malakofauna maradványai is. A madárcsont leletek között nemcsak a háziasított fajok (házi tyúk, lúd, kacsa, házi galamb), hanem vadon élők is (fácán, fürj, szajkó, sólyom stb.) előkerültek. A régészeti maradványok túlnyomórészt konyhai hulladékot képeztek, de lehetővé teszik a vár környéke természeti környezetének feltárását is. Végül az elemzés betekintést nyújtott a ...
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The aim is to present human activity (settlements, economy, and material culture) in the Zvolen Basin and surrounding areas during the Late Neolithic, Copper Age, and Bronze Age. Special interest will be given to the upland settlement of... more
The aim is to present human activity (settlements, economy, and material culture) in the Zvolen Basin and surrounding areas during the Late Neolithic, Copper Age, and Bronze Age. Special interest will be given to the upland settlement of Deserted Castle in Zvolen and the evidence of its prehistoric occupation. At the same time, other closer dated prehistoric sites in the region will be introduced with emphasis on various settlement types and their relationship to the natural conditions in the region. Although the surrounding mountains make the Zvolen Basin, located in the central part of Slovakia, a relatively isolated geographical entity, contacts with near and distant regions are visible in the material culture since prehistoric times. In this area, the higher zones of landscape (between 300 and 700 m a.s.l.) were inhabited for the first time during the Late Neolithic and Copper Age. The objective of these first colonists was probably the exploitation of rare resources. The turbulent nature of this period within the prehistoric Zvolen Basin is illustrated by the presence of fortifications in upland settlements as early as the Copper Age. The intensive occupation of upland hill forts in the region is evident later during the Late and Final Bronze and Early Iron Age.
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The aim of the article is to draw attention to a sole find of a clay mold for casting counterfeit coins of Emperor Leopold I. The artifact was unexpectedly unearthed at the National Cultural Monument Pustý hrad (Deserted Castle) in... more
The aim of the article is to draw attention to a sole find of a clay mold for casting counterfeit coins of Emperor Leopold I. The artifact was unexpectedly unearthed at the National Cultural Monument Pustý hrad (Deserted Castle) in Zvolen. In the 2019 research season, during the excavation of the rubble backfill of the flanking tower ditch in the eastern line of the Upper Castles fortification, five fragments from a casting mold were discovered. The item serves as proof of counterfeiting activity, and it is a unique modern find, dated at the end of the 17th century, not only from Deserted Castle, but in general from the territory of Slovakia, as we do not know a similar artefact from other castles.
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The article focuses on the current state of research of the first Neolithic culture in Slovakia.So far around 70 sites are known from Slovakia dated to the Early Linear Pottery Culture and the Early Eastern Linear Pottery Culture. Most of... more
The article focuses on the current state of research of the first Neolithic culture in Slovakia.So far around 70 sites are known from Slovakia dated to the Early Linear Pottery Culture and the Early Eastern Linear Pottery Culture. Most of the sites are known only from surface collections, and in only four cases have dwellings been documented. Settlement features/pits have been discovered at around half the sites. Finally, we know graves from only four (and possibly five) sites. In the article we deal also with the elaboration of the Early LPC/ELPC material culture. We discuss pottery from the point of view of typology and decoration and other types of findings, such as chipped stone industry, ground and polished stones, small clay artefacts, daub, animal bones etc., are not omitted either. The goal is to evaluate the research possibilities of the Early LPC/ELPC in Slovakia.
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Zámerom publikácie je prezentovať aktuálne výsledky výsku-mov z dvoch dôležitých a výnimočných stredovekých hradov Stredného Slovenska: Pustého hradu vo Zvolene a hradu Peťuša v katastri obce Ostrá Lúka. Cieľom je predstaviť odbornej i... more
Zámerom publikácie je prezentovať aktuálne výsledky výsku-mov z dvoch dôležitých a výnimočných stredovekých hradov Stredného Slovenska: Pustého hradu vo Zvolene a hradu Peťuša v katastri obce Ostrá Lúka. Cieľom je predstaviť odbornej i širokej verejnosti nové nálezy a dôležité poznatky zistené terénnym i archívnym výskumom a tým rozšíriť znalostio týchto pamiatkach.
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE HIGH-PRESSURE
GAS INTERCONNECTION PIPELINE SK-HU IN 2013
GAS INTERCONNECTION PIPELINE SK-HU IN 2013
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Publikácia je výstupom komplexného spracovania a vypovedacej možnosti dochovaného archeologického materiálu z Dolného hradu Pustého hradu vo Zvolene za výskumné sezóny 2009 – 2014. Kniha referuje o osídlení lokality od najstaršieho... more
Publikácia je výstupom komplexného spracovania a vypovedacej možnosti dochovaného archeologického materiálu z Dolného hradu Pustého hradu vo Zvolene za výskumné sezóny 2009 – 2014. Kniha referuje o osídlení lokality od najstaršieho obdobia až do novoveku a predstavuje všetky druhy objavených archeologických i stavebno-historických nálezov. Ponúka zároveň dôkladnú analýzu terénnej situácie i pamiatkovej obnovy hradu. Súčasťou diela je prehľad doterajších dejín bádania archeologickej lokality, geologická charakteristika polohy, flóra a fauna areálu, história a každodenný život na vrcholno-stredovekom hrade a záverom sú charakterizované formy a možnosti popularizácie národnej kultúrnej pamiatky Pustý hrad vo Zvolene.
The publication is the output of the complex processing of the preserved archaeological material from the Lower Castle of Pustý hrad in Zvolen from seasons 2009-2014. The book informs of the site’s settlement from the oldest times to the modern era and presents all kinds of discovered archaeological and construction-historical finds. It also offers a detailed analysis of the terrain situation and the monument’ restoration. The work also includes a review of the investigation at the archaeological site so far, geological characteristics of the location, fauna and flora of the area, history and everyday life at medieval castle and, finally, forms and opportunities for popularization of the national cultural monument of Pustý hrad in Zvolen.
The publication is the output of the complex processing of the preserved archaeological material from the Lower Castle of Pustý hrad in Zvolen from seasons 2009-2014. The book informs of the site’s settlement from the oldest times to the modern era and presents all kinds of discovered archaeological and construction-historical finds. It also offers a detailed analysis of the terrain situation and the monument’ restoration. The work also includes a review of the investigation at the archaeological site so far, geological characteristics of the location, fauna and flora of the area, history and everyday life at medieval castle and, finally, forms and opportunities for popularization of the national cultural monument of Pustý hrad in Zvolen.
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The chapter deals with the analysis and evaluation of stone tool manufacture artefacts from the Neolithic settlement in Hurbanovo-Bohatá. Their presence in structures does not suggest any existence of an area on the site where siliceous... more
The chapter deals with the analysis and evaluation of stone tool manufacture artefacts from the Neolithic settlement
in Hurbanovo-Bohatá. Their presence in structures does not suggest any existence of an area on the site where
siliceous material would be processed. We can rather assume that the inhabitants were orientated on agriculture.
Based on the research of 185 finds from the settlement, three groups of stone industry have been assessed: chipped
stone industry, polished stone industry and ground stone industry.
The chipped stone industry (Table 14) consists of 47 items with predominance of flakes and blades. The set
comprises a high number of tools (Table 22), particularly various types of scrapers and retouched blades, and includes
also artefacts with utility/working retouch. Petrographic study of the artefacts proved that a wide range of siliceous
materials had been used in the production of chipped stone industry. Both domestic raw materials (radiolarite,
hornfels, limnosilicites, jasper and obsidian) and raw materials from neighbouring countries were used, especially
from Hungary and Poland. From Hungary it was mainly radiolarite Szentgál-type, menilite hornstone and radiolarite
Tevel, while from Poland it was Jurassic-Cracow flint and flint from glacigenic sediments.
The polished stone assemblage was represented in minimum amount. It consists of three whole hatchets and five
chips. For production was used material from igneous and metamorphic rocks.
The numerous collection of ground stone artefacts was made of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks.
The objects in this group, used for everyday work on the settlement, included mainly grinders (made of sandstone
and tuff), grinding plates (made of phyllite) and grinding stones (quartz fluvial pebbles). On some phyllite grinding
plates and quartz fluvial pebbles were traces of red material on worked surfaces. The analysis of this material
indicated the use of cinnabar/red mercury sulfide (HgS), which poses the question of the significance of cinnabar in
the middle Neolithic.
in Hurbanovo-Bohatá. Their presence in structures does not suggest any existence of an area on the site where
siliceous material would be processed. We can rather assume that the inhabitants were orientated on agriculture.
Based on the research of 185 finds from the settlement, three groups of stone industry have been assessed: chipped
stone industry, polished stone industry and ground stone industry.
The chipped stone industry (Table 14) consists of 47 items with predominance of flakes and blades. The set
comprises a high number of tools (Table 22), particularly various types of scrapers and retouched blades, and includes
also artefacts with utility/working retouch. Petrographic study of the artefacts proved that a wide range of siliceous
materials had been used in the production of chipped stone industry. Both domestic raw materials (radiolarite,
hornfels, limnosilicites, jasper and obsidian) and raw materials from neighbouring countries were used, especially
from Hungary and Poland. From Hungary it was mainly radiolarite Szentgál-type, menilite hornstone and radiolarite
Tevel, while from Poland it was Jurassic-Cracow flint and flint from glacigenic sediments.
The polished stone assemblage was represented in minimum amount. It consists of three whole hatchets and five
chips. For production was used material from igneous and metamorphic rocks.
The numerous collection of ground stone artefacts was made of sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks.
The objects in this group, used for everyday work on the settlement, included mainly grinders (made of sandstone
and tuff), grinding plates (made of phyllite) and grinding stones (quartz fluvial pebbles). On some phyllite grinding
plates and quartz fluvial pebbles were traces of red material on worked surfaces. The analysis of this material
indicated the use of cinnabar/red mercury sulfide (HgS), which poses the question of the significance of cinnabar in
the middle Neolithic.
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The National Cultural Monument of the Pustý hrad castle in Zvolen towers majestically on a hill at the south edge of the town of Zvolen, in the heart of Slovakia. The interest in research into this site goes back to the 18th century.... more
The National Cultural Monument of the Pustý hrad castle in Zvolen towers majestically on a hill at the south edge of the town of Zvolen, in the heart of Slovakia. The interest in research into this site goes back to the 18th century. Modern archaeological research conducted annually since 1992 has confirmed the importance of the castle as the seat of the Zvolen County Committee and a favourite leisure and hunting location of Hungarian kings in the High Middle Ages. The article introduces the individual stages of research into this significant site and presents its results, as well as their contribution not only to the history of the castle but also to the enhancement of the specialist and lay public's awareness of the potential and results of archaeological research. The paper also sums up all known published outcomes regarding Pustý hrad in Zvolen. Prínos dlhodobého výskumu lokality Pustý hrad vo Zvolene pre bádanie a jeho perspektíva do budúcnosti Abstrakt: Národná kultúrna pamiatka Pustý hrad vo Zvolene sa hrdo týči na rovnomennom kopci na južnom okraji mesta Zvolena v srdci Slovenska. Záujem o výskum tejto lokality je evidentný od 18. storočia. Moderný archeologický výskum, realizovaný každoročne od roku 1992, osvetlil jeho význam ako sídla Zvolenského ko-mitátu a obľúbeného miesta odpočinku a poľovačiek panovníkov Uhorska vo vrcholnom stredoveku. Cieľom príspevku je predstaviť jednotlivé etapy a výsledky bádania na tejto významnej lokalite a ich prínos nielen pre dejiny hradu, ale aj pre zvýšenie povedomia odbornej i laickej verejnosti o možnostiach a výsledkoch archeologického bádania. Dôležitým prínosom príspevku je aj zhrnutie všetkých známych publikačných výstupov týkajúcich sa Pustého hradu vo Zvolene. Kľúčové slová: Slovensko-Pustý hrad vo Zvolene-vrcholný stredovek-archeologický výskum-propagácia.