Few studies have inquired about the relationship between myrmecological activity and the granulometry and mineralogy of sediments of a palaeontological site. The objectives of this article are to determine the sedimentological or...
moreFew studies have inquired about the relationship between myrmecological activity and the granulometry and mineralogy of sediments of a palaeontological site. The objectives of this article are to determine the sedimentological or mineralogical distinctions produced by ants of the species Messor barbarus when excavating their nests and extracting grains and vertebrate fossil remains from the Miocene palaeontological site of Somosaguas (Madrid, Spain), to evaluate the degree of taphonomic influence this myrmecological activity has on the fossil remains, and to decide whether or not it can be used as a tool for palaeontological prospection. Results show that Messor barbarus does not alter fossil remains when examined under a 10× binocular magnifying glass. Ants preferentially extract from the ant nest grains of medium sizes (0.25–2 mm) compared to the non-ant-modified soils, and also extract a higher quantity of feldspars. These significant granulometric and mineralogical modifications should be considered when carrying out compositional, sedimentological or stratigraphical studies, since these can become biased and alter geological interpretations as provenance or palaeoclimatic signal. Grain size selection could be due to Messor barbarus' physical capacities or the use of clay particles as cementing elements in nests. Mineralogical distinction may be related to feldspars' embayments and pits filled with finer material (mainly smectites), making transportation and pheromone impregnation easier. Results show that the ant mounds had increasing concentrations of fossil remains the nearer they were from the main excavation area, therefore the study of ant mounds in potentially fossiliferous zones can indeed be used as a new method of palaeontological prospection.
Many studies have demonstrated Spanish students and in extension the whole society have an alarmingly scarce geological and paleontological knowledge. Several projects throughout Spain have carried out outreach activities related with...
moreMany studies have demonstrated Spanish students and in extension the whole society have an alarmingly scarce geological and paleontological knowledge. Several projects throughout Spain have carried out outreach activities related with geology and palaeontology. The Somosaguas Paleontology Project (Complutense University of Madrid) carries out several different activities around the Somosaguas paleontological sites related to scientific research, training of young researchers,preparation of didactic tools and materials to carry out scientific outreach for the general public, students and especially for people with functional diversity. Scientific outreach, especially to young audiences and those people with functional diversity, requires an intense training and adaptation of the contents and teaching methods and materials. Nowadays, new technologies offer a wide variety of tools that are of great use for scientific dissemination. These new technologies are particularly useful since they are very appealing to young audiences, bringing them closer and in contact with science in an easy, funny and intuitive way for them. Somosaguas site hosts a fifteen-meter by three-meter wall painting representing a natural landscape with the fauna and flora inhabiting Madrid 14 million years ago. Through Augmented Reality (AR) and using the app Layar, the wall painting is now equipped with digital content, which with the use of any mobile device helps to expand the information about each and every one of the Miocene species identified at this paleontological site. Preliminary results show this new tool has an incredibly positive influence over the visitors, who show great interest and a better comprehension of the different contents explained during the activities that have been carried out.
This communication presents how a stratigraphy fieldtrip adapted to people with visual impairment was prepared and carried out. This fieldtrip aimed to promote scientific knowledge on Earth sciences to people with visual impairment and to...
moreThis communication presents how a stratigraphy fieldtrip adapted to people with visual impairment was prepared and carried out. This fieldtrip aimed to promote scientific knowledge on Earth sciences to people with visual impairment and to inspire Earth scientists to take into account the needs of people with disabilities when designing public engagement activities. To do this, the theme chosen for the fieldtrip was the importance of sedimentary rocks shaping the Earth and what information can one extract from observing sedimentary structures. The Triassic outcrops of Riba de Santiuste (Guadalajara, Spain) were observed during this fieldtrip. The expected learning outcomes were: a) understanding what are sedimentary rocks, how they are formed and how they fold and crop out, b) knowing what is a sedimentary structure and recognising some of them and c) be able to make inferences of the sedimentary environment from certain sedimentary structures. The fieldtrip was prepared, through the NGO " Science without Barriers " together with the Madrid delegation of the National Association for Spanish Blind People (ONCE-Madrid). ONCE-Madrid was responsible of advertising this activity as a part of their yearly cultural program to its affiliate. A preparatory fieldtrip was carried out to test the teaching methodology and to make an appropriate risk assessment. This was made together with the responsible of the Culture Area of ONCE-Madrid and two blind people. The involvement of end-users in the preparation of activities is in the core of the European Disability Forum motto: " Nothing about us without us ". A crucial aspect of the site was accessibility. In terms of perambulatory accessibility of outcrops the site is excellent and suitable to some extent for end-users regardless of their physical fitness. The fieldtrip itself took place on October 15th 2016 and 30 people with and without visual disability attended. In addition to overall observations and explanations of strata and stratification, five types of sedimentary structures were observed in detail: Grain size differences and its meaning in terms of energy of the sedimentary environment, plant roots bioturbation traces, flute casts, ripples and convolute stratification. An introduction to the fieldtrip was available in Braille, as well as maps and figures in relief. A 3D plaster model representing the whole outcrop was used to give an overall view of the area as it was noted during the preparatory fieldtrip that totally blind people with no geological background had problems " zooming out " , i.e. imagining the whole geological structure from detailed manipulation of strata. The feedback of the majority of the attendants to the fieldtrip was very enthusiastic. They highlighted the suitability of the activities and materials, perceived the fieldtrip as an enjoyable learning experience and met to some extent the expected learning outcomes. It is noteworthy that the fieldtrip was positively perceived positively by attendants with and without visual disability.
Previous experiences with people with both physical and intellectual functional diversity around palaeontological issues have demonstrated the important value of science outreach directed to people with disabilities. The aforementioned...
morePrevious experiences with people with both physical and intellectual functional diversity around palaeontological issues have demonstrated the important value of science outreach directed to people with disabilities. The aforementioned practices act twofold: as a learning tool and also improving the quality of life of the participants and thus, their self-image. All these pioneer experiences were the first step in a process of developing new attitudes contributing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development of United Nations, where among the 17 goals proposed an effective social inclusion of people with disabilities is required. For this, real inclusive practices in geological outreach are imperious. A close cooperation with all the parts (researchers and participants), in a kind of coworking attitude is needed. This Inclusive-Coworking is considered in the sense of social gathering in order to share equal values and look for the synergy that this different outlook implies. And what is more important: the change of role of the previously learners into an active part of the scientific outreach, providing the adequate methodology for that. The offer of non-formal learning activities normally includes the participation of university professors and researchers in Science Week editions. During the 2016 session in Madrid, four adults with intellectual disability who were participants in the previous edition, contributed in the palaeontological workshop. They were in charge of four of the eight modules explaining the origin of fossils and how to collect them, the evolution of equids' limbs, and the main dentition types in vertebrates to the twenty 16 year old secondary students who attended the workshop. During the development of the experience all the students were pleased with the inclusive approach, and the interaction of all participants was fruitful. Although the explanations took a bit more time when made by our functional diverse fellows, all the abstracts concepts were correctly described and the social perspective of the experience had an excellent reception. This activity was prepared and designed with expert educators and other professionals related to disability in order to guide the scientists with regard to the learning strategies and specific needs of the attendees. Most of our previous activities dealing with palaeontology were targeted either towards people with, or without disabilities, but never mixing them. So far, successful lab-based activities adapted to people with both intellectual and sensory disabilities have been developed, but this is the first experience in which functional diversity people act as teachers themselves. This is an important step forward in eliminate barriers to non-formal education. We hope that our actions, based on the Agenda for Sustainable Development more Inclusive model, can inspire other actions and programs dealing Accessible Geoscience. This work was funded by the project INNOVA-DOCENCIA 2 (2016-17) " Geodivulgar: Geología y So-ciedad " of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid. We want to thank the non-profit association Ciencia sin Barreras for their valuable help during the development of Geodivulgar activities, as well as all the students volunteers.
El proyecto de innovación Geodivulgar y la asociación Ciencia sin Barreras proponen desde 2012 diversos talleres de contenido fundamentalmente geológico. Estas actividades se ofrecen a participantes con distintos grados de formación...
moreEl proyecto de innovación Geodivulgar y la asociación Ciencia sin Barreras proponen desde 2012 diversos talleres de contenido fundamentalmente geológico. Estas actividades se ofrecen a participantes con distintos grados de formación (desde estudiantes de educación primaria hasta profesorado universitario) con independencia de sus capacidades intelectuales y sensoriales, adaptando los contenidos a las necesidades específicas en cada caso. El diseño universal de las actividades y el uso de materiales didácticos multisensoriales permiten una eficaz transmisión del conocimiento, posibilitando su rápida adaptación a cualquier persona, adecuando el discurso en el momento. Al evaluar la adquisición de conocimientos mediante cuestionarios posteriores a las actividades, se ha observado que cuando se han realizado actividades con personas con educación superior, se tiende a sobreestimar los conocimientos previos de los participantes. Estos resultados nos muestran que, para la continua mejora de los talleres, hay que planificar previamente y atender a la retroalimentación inmediata. Por otro lado, es necesario adecuarse siempre al nivel que tenga el receptor, para lograr una comunicación efectiva real. AbstRAct The innovation project Geodivulgar and Ciencia sin Barreras (Science without Barriers) association since 2012 carry out different workshops with essentially geological contents. These activities are offered to participants with different levels of education (from elementary school students to university professors) regardless of their intellectual and sensorial capacities, adapting the contents to the specific needs in each case. Universal design and the use of multisensory didactic materials are the basis to plan any action of this kind, allowing efficient transmission of knowledge and enabling instant adaptation if needed, only adjusting the language level to different public. Trying to assess the knowledge gain with questionnaires after the workshops, we have observed that sometimes the participant's previous knowledge is overestimated, continuing with the explanations not taking this into account. These results show that it is necessary to reinforce the workshops in order to obtain a real effective communication.
Debris-flow hosted assemblages dominated by mammalian remains are very scarce in the fossil record and few examples are reported. Herein we present a detailed taphonomic study of Somosaguas-North (Madrid Basin, Spain), a Middle Miocene...
moreDebris-flow hosted assemblages dominated by mammalian remains are very scarce in the fossil record and few examples are reported. Herein we present a detailed taphonomic study of Somosaguas-North (Madrid Basin, Spain), a Middle Miocene mammalian-dominated site embedded in debris-flow deposits, in order to increase our knowledge of the mode of formation of fossiliferous assemblages in this depositional context. The assemblage includes 6592 large-mammal remains belonging to at least 10 different species. Fossils are found in matrix-supported , poorly-sorted coarse arkosic sandstones and fine conglomerates, which are interpreted as the result of successive debris-flow deposits. Breakage constitutes a pervasive taphonomic alteration in the bone assemblage; however, together with unidentifiable bone fragments, we also found complete to almost complete skeletal elements. Bone remains are isolated, a fact that is indicative of a time of exposure of the carcasses long enough to enable decay and complete disarticulation. There are no associations of elements belonging to the same individual , which suggests that, prior to or during debris-flow transport, bones were profusely dispersed. Based on the taphonomic evidence, we suggest that Somosaguas-North assemblage was formed by successive debris-flow transport and burial of pre-existing thanatocoenoses. Bones from those thanatocoenoses were modified by biostratinomic agents (trampling, weathering) in varying degrees depending on their time of exposure. Debris flow transport produced further abrasion and breakage in collagen-depleted bones. Our results are congruent with an environmental context of semiarid landscapes presenting long arid periods and highly irregular hydrological seasonality. Finally, we compared the Somosaguas-North assemblage with other debris-flow hosted vertebrate assemblages. Although Somosaguas-North shares taphonomic features with some of these sites, it is not possible to define consistent and single taphonomic patterns for debris-flow assemblages, given the varied taphonomic histories of the remains prior to and during debris-flow transport.
The western area of the Cenozoic Madrid Basin has not been adequately studied. This, combined with the high homogeneity of detrital facies makes the stratigraphic correlation with other areas of the basin rather difficult. Consequently,...
moreThe western area of the Cenozoic Madrid Basin has not been adequately studied. This, combined with the high homogeneity of detrital
facies makes the stratigraphic correlation with other areas of the basin rather difficult. Consequently, only a detailed characterization of different
study zones can allow subsequent correlation over this area. Over the last years there have been discovered several vertebrate fossil
sites in this area that allow the dating of the sediments which host the fossil remains and provide data about palaeoclimatic trends. In this
paper we present the results of the light minerals petrographic analysis carried out in one of these sites (Somosaguas paleontological site).
Previous palaeontological and isotopic studies in this site indicate a climate event of cooling and rising aridity that has been described globally
for the period after the Miocene Climatic Optimum. The petrographic data and indices presented here corroborate this trend towards
a more arid climate through the Somosaguas sedimentary succession. Besides we study the grades of alteration of plagioclase grains as a
proxy in the evaluation of palaeoclimatic variations. The increase towards the top of the succession of less altered plagioclase grains suggests
a decrease in precipitations and thus more aridity. Part of the quartz and K-feldspar grains display several features like embayments
and alterations pointing to palaeosoils formation and reworking processes. These characteristics and other observations suggest several
sedimentary pulses in a geotectonic setting of “basement uplift” and a mixed lithological provenance for the Somosaguas deposits (granites,
gneisses and minor quantities of low-grade metamorphic rocks).
Los jóvenes son los principales consumidores de cine, por lo que resulta interesante ver cómo la Paleontología es tratada en las películas y si puede servir como herramienta para explicar de forma coherente la evolución de la vida en la...
moreLos jóvenes son los principales consumidores de cine, por lo que resulta interesante ver cómo la Paleontología es tratada en las películas y si puede servir como herramienta para explicar de forma coherente la evolución de la vida en la Tierra. Se propone un método que permite evaluar determinados aspectos paleontológicos de películas. Sólo un 20% de las 25 películas analizadas tiene un buen rigor científico. Los aspectos relacionados con eventos temporales son los peor tratados, mientras que los relacionados con la anatomía de los organismos prehistóricos son los que tienen una mejor consideración.
Aunque el principal objetivo de estas películas no es enseñar la historia de la vida, pueden ser utilizadas como elementos motivadores y generadores de una visión crítica. En este sentido se incluyen algunas propuestas didácticas para su uso por parte del profesorado
de Ciencias de la Tierra.
Educational perspectives are usually low when designing curricula for people with functional diversity and there are few attempts to promote scientific divulgation among these collectives. Geodivulgar is a pioneer project for the...
moreEducational perspectives are usually low when designing curricula for people with functional diversity
and there are few attempts to promote scientific divulgation among these collectives. Geodivulgar is a
pioneer project for the divulgation of geology among people with functional diversity in Spain. The
working group of Geodivulgar is formed by different partners, and includes university lecturers,
graduate and postgraduate students, and technical staff from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid
(UCM) and other universities and research institutions as Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM),
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) or Instituto Geológico y Minero de España
(IGME) and also some foundations (FOAPS: Fundación Once para la Atención de Personas con
Sordoceguera) and non-profit associations (CSB: Ciencia sin Barreras).
Multisensory material by itself helps people with functional diversity to enhance their communication
skills. Nevertheless, Geodivulgar’s perspective goes beyond the usual divulgation model adding a
social interaction perspective and the integration of several society groups (lecturers, researchers,
students and end-users).
The first programmed workshops were carried out in a university (UCM) in a big city with a relatively
wide cultural offer for disabled people, but since then, there was a demand from areas with low
population for this kind of workshops. Therefore, portable kits were prepared so they could allow
combining indoor and outdoor geology divulgation activities in areas with a limited cultural offer for
people with functional diversity. These kits are an optimum solution for small groups in outside areas
and create new alternatives for scientific divulgation. The use of portable kits makes possible a faster
assemblage of divulgation activities compared to conventional stationary workshops as they are
ready-made. They provide a wider diffusion since the end user do not need to inhabit nearby a
university or research center and there is the possibility of combining them with field experiences,
which in turn result in a much better understanding of geological concepts.
The interest of these traveling experiences is also evident from a social perspective, as they promote
interactions with scientists who are normally not available to these groups. These experiences have
also an educational purpose for the students who are involved as divulgators as they improve
transferable skills, such as their communicative skills, and increase their awareness to diversity that
will be of use in their future professional life.