- Palacky University, Olomouc, Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Faculty Memberadd
- Emotion, Consciousness, Indigenous Knowledge, Anthropology of Consciousness, Cultural Psychology, Indigenous Studies, and 14 moreConsciousness (Psychology), Social and Cultural Anthropology, Cross-Cultural Psychology, Shamanism, Anthropology of Shamanism, Cross-Cultural Studies, Decolonization, Indigenous Peoples, Cross-cultural studies (Culture), Decolonial Turn, Decolonial Thought, Body and Soul, Mind-body problem, and Nomadic/Indigenous Peopleedit
- I am a Professor at the Science and Research Department at the Prague College of Psychosocial Studies, Czech Republic... moreI am a Professor at the Science and Research Department at the Prague College of Psychosocial Studies, Czech Republic. In the broadest sense, my research is focused on the exploration of human emotions, consciousness, creativity, and coping with stress within the field of psychology.
Honestly, I must say that I enjoy science primarily because of its potential to inform our everyday lives, and also because of the people working in the field. Thanks to science, I have met many really interesting and original people that greatly inspire my professional, as well as private, life. Therefore, I welcome contact with those who have overlapping research interests.
Contact: trnkar@volny.cz
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-468X
Web of Science ResearcherID: S-7776-2017edit
This infographics shows three general models of how the Indigenous cultures understand consciousness. The Indigenous conceptualizations of consciousness vary widely between different cultural groups. This variability may be considered to... more
This infographics shows three general models of how the Indigenous cultures understand consciousness. The Indigenous conceptualizations of consciousness vary widely between different cultural groups. This variability may be considered to be the result of different, culture-specific ways of Indigenous understanding of inner processes and the psyche, especially the different use and patterns of metaphoric-symbolic thinking. The Indigenous concepts have been formed by hundreds of years of specific routes of cultural evolution. The evolution of Indigenous cultures proceeded in their native habitat. The meanings that emerged in this process represent adaptive solutions that were optimal in the given environmental and social milieu. Indigenous understandings of consciousness represent an important inspiration for scientific discussions about the nature of consciousness.
Research Interests: Indigenous Studies, Indigenous or Aboriginal Studies, Consciousness (Psychology), Social and Cultural Anthropology, Cultural Psychology, and 15 moreCross-Cultural Psychology, Shamanism, Cross-Cultural Studies, Indigenous Knowledge, Consciousness, Decolonialization, Indigenous Peoples, Anthropology of Consciousness, Cross-cultural studies (Culture), Anthropology of Shamanism, Decolonial Turn, Decolonial Thought, Body and Soul, Mind-body problem, and Nomadic/Indigenous People
Infographics based on our recently published article "Provision of psychotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Czech, German and Slovak Psychotherapists"<br>Original article published in July 2020 in International... more
Infographics based on our recently published article "Provision of psychotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic among Czech, German and Slovak Psychotherapists"<br>Original article published in July 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.<br>Authors: Elke Humer, Christoph Pieh, Martin Kuska, Antonia Barke, Bettina K. Doering, Katharina Gossmann, Radek Trnka, Zdenek Meier, Natalia Kascakova, Peter Tavel and Thomas Probst <br>Abstract:Psychotherapists around the world are facing an unprecedented situation with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To combat the rapid spread of the virus, direct contact with others has to be avoided when possible. Therefore, remote psychotherapy provides a valuable option to continue mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the fear of psychotherapists to become infected with COVID-19 during psychotherapy in personal contact and asses...
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic elicited huge stress responses in most world populations, and at this time psychotherapy is an important protective service against this stress. However, a somewhat neglected question is: How... more
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic elicited huge stress responses in most world populations, and at this time psychotherapy is an important protective service against this stress. However, a somewhat neglected question is: How stressful was the COVID-19 outbreak for psychotherapists themselves? The main aim of the present study was to investigate whether dispositional resilience predicted the perceived stress reported by psychotherapists during the COVID-19 outbreak. A total of 338 psychotherapists organized within the national psychotherapy associations of three European countries (Czech Republic, Germany, and Slovakia) were included in this online study (mean age 46.7, 77.8% female, 22.2% male). The participants were administered the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). For the data analysis, nonparametric ANOVA and two-level (mixed-effect) linear regression models were used. Dispositional resilience significantly predicted the perceived stress reported by psychotherapists during the COVID-19 outbreak. Higher dispositional resilience significantly reduced the level of perceived stress among psychotherapists (adjusted β = -0.47, p < .001). Those with moderate resilience (between mean ± SD values) had a lower perceived stress score than those with low resilience (mean + SD value) had a lower perceived stress score than the low resilience group by an average of 6.5. The results of this study imply that the involvement of psychotherapists in resilience supportive training may reduce their vulnerability to stress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Building on past constructive criticism, the present study provides further methodological development focused on the elimination of bias that may occur during first-person observation. First, various sources of errors that may accompany... more
Building on past constructive criticism, the present study provides further methodological development focused on the elimination of bias that may occur during first-person observation. First, various sources of errors that may accompany introspection are distinguished based on previous critical literature. Four main errors are classified, namely attentional, attributional, conceptual, and expressional error. Furthermore, methodological recommendations for the possible elimination of these errors have been determined based on the analysis and focused excerpting of introspective scientific literature. The following groups of methodological recommendations were determined: 1) a better focusing of the subject’s attention to their mental processes, 2) providing suitable stimuli, and 3) the sharing of introspective experience between subjects. Furthermore, the potential of adjustments in introspective research designs for eliminating attentional, attributional, conceptual, and expressional error is discussed.
Keywords: #introspection; #first-person methods; #introspective methods; #first-person experiments; #consciousness; #mental processes; #self-observation; #self-observer; #self-awareness; #bias; #methods; #philosophy of mind; #phenomenology; #Brentano; #Husserl; #bracketing; #self; #attention; #memory; #memory retrieval; #attributions; #cognitive distortions; #meta-cognition; #metacognition; #meta-cognitive awareness; #metacognitive awareness; #meta-cognitive monitoring; #metacognitive monitoring
MeSH Headings: Mental Processes; Consciousness; Self; Awareness; Cognition; Metacognition; Imagination; Attention
Keywords: #introspection; #first-person methods; #introspective methods; #first-person experiments; #consciousness; #mental processes; #self-observation; #self-observer; #self-awareness; #bias; #methods; #philosophy of mind; #phenomenology; #Brentano; #Husserl; #bracketing; #self; #attention; #memory; #memory retrieval; #attributions; #cognitive distortions; #meta-cognition; #metacognition; #meta-cognitive awareness; #metacognitive awareness; #meta-cognitive monitoring; #metacognitive monitoring
MeSH Headings: Mental Processes; Consciousness; Self; Awareness; Cognition; Metacognition; Imagination; Attention
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Philosophy of Mind, Memory (Cognitive Psychology), Phenomenological Psychology, Phenomenology, and 15 moreEmbodied Mind and Cognition, Attention (Psychology), Edmund Husserl, Metacognition, Consciousness, First-Person Methodologies, Introspection, Self-awareness, Self-Knowledge and Self-Awareness, Brentano, Mental processes, Bracketing Paradoxes, Introspective Research Methods, Attribution Bias, and First-Person Experiments
Different cultures show different understandings of consciousness, soul, and spirit. Native indigenous traditions have recently seen a resurgence of interest and are being used in psychotherapy, mental health counselling, and psychiatry.... more
Different cultures show different understandings of consciousness, soul, and spirit. Native indigenous traditions have recently seen a resurgence of interest and are being used in psychotherapy, mental health counselling, and psychiatry. The main aim of this review is to explore and summarize the native indigenous concepts of consciousness, soul, and spirit. Following a systematic review search, the peer-reviewed literature presenting research from 55 different cultural groups across regions of the world was retrieved. Information relating to native concepts of consciousness, soul, and spirit were excerpted from the sources and contrasted. Contrasting these indigenous concepts revealed important implications for understanding consciousness within a cross-cultural perspective and has practical implications for applied approaches utilizing native indigenous traditions. Keywords: #consciousness, #Indigenous psychologies, #decolonial psychology, #decolonial turn, #Indigenous science, #Indigenous knowledge, #decoloniality, #decolonizing, #cross-cultural comparison, #cultural psychology, #relational ontology, #global consciousness, #collective consciousness, #quantum binding, #quantum entanglement, #mind-body problem, #mind-body relations, #soul-body relations, #shamanic consciousness, #Indigenous concepts, #altered states of consciousness, #Indigenous Peoples, #Shamanism
Research Interests: Cognitive Science, Philosophy, Altered States of Consciousness, Shamanism, Indigenous Knowledge, and 15 moreConsciousness, Anthropology of Consciousness, Consciousness Studies, Decolonial Turn, Shamanic Possession, Trance, and Altered States of Consciousness, Shamanism and Shamanic Healing, Collective Consciousness, Relational Ontology, Mind-body problem, Altered States of Consciousness, Psychedelics, Decolonial Studies, Indigenous Science, Nomadic/Indigenous People, Decoloniality Thought, and Decolonizing the Mind
The Guilt and Shame Experience Scale (GSES) is a new, brief self-report instrument for assessing experiences of guilt and shame. It includes two distinct scales: feelings of shame and feelings of guilt. The present report focuses on... more
The Guilt and Shame Experience Scale (GSES) is a new, brief self-report instrument for assessing experiences of guilt and shame. It includes two distinct scales: feelings of shame and feelings of guilt. The present report focuses on results from a final validation study using a nationally representative sample of 7899 adolescents (M age = 14.5 ± 1.1 years, 50.7% boys) who participated in the 2014 Health Behavior in School-aged Children study. For factor analysis, the dataset was divided into two groups. One group (n = 3950) was used for the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and the second (n = 3949) for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The EFA results in a one-factor model of the GSES scale, while the CFA suggests a two-factor solution mirroring two scales, feelings of shame and feelings of guilt. Both models have a good fit to the data, and the scale also showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.89). A nonparametric comparison of different sociodemographic grou...
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Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a common human neurobiological trait that is related to many areas of human life. This trait has recently received increased public interest. However, solid scientific research on SPS is lagging... more
Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a common human neurobiological trait that is related to many areas of human life. This trait has recently received increased public interest. However, solid scientific research on SPS is lagging behind. Progress in this area is also hindered by a lack of comprehensive research tools suitable for a rapid assessment of SPS. Thus, the aim of this study was to offer a newly developed tool, the Sensory Processing Sensitivity Questionnaire (SPSQ), and to assess its psychometric properties and associations with emotional and relational variables measured during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found the tool to have good psychometric characteristics: high temporal stability (r = 0.95) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.92; McDonald’s ω = 0.92). The fit of the SPSQ bi-factor model was satisfactory: χ2 (88.0) = 506.141; p < 0.001; CFI = 0.993; TLI = 0.990; RMSEA = 0.070; SRMR = 0.039. Testing of configural, metric, scala...
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Emotion concepts are representations that enable people to make sense of their own and others’ emotions. The present study, theoretically driven by the conceptual act theory, explores the overall spectrum of emotion concepts in older... more
Emotion concepts are representations that enable people to make sense of their own and others’ emotions. The present study, theoretically driven by the conceptual act theory, explores the overall spectrum of emotion concepts in older adults and compares them with the emotion concepts of younger adults. Data from 178 older adults (⩾55 years) and 176 younger adults (20–30 years) were collected using the Semantic Emotion Space Assessment task. The arousal and valence of 16 discrete emotions – anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, hope, love, hate, contempt, guilt, compassion, shame, gratefulness, envy, disappointment, and jealousy – were rated by the participants on a graphic scale bar. The results show that (a) older and younger adults did not differ in the mean valence ratings of emotion concepts, which indicates that older adults do not differ from younger adults in the way they conceptualise how pleasant or unpleasant emotions are. Furthermore, (b) older men rated emotion conce...
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Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from a wide range of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits and impairment of emotional processing. The present study aimed to explore in PD patients compared to healthy adults... more
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) suffer from a wide range of non-motor symptoms, including cognitive deficits and impairment of emotional processing. The present study aimed to explore in PD patients compared to healthy adults the relationship between cognitive performance and emotional creativity (EC), defined as a set of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to originality and appropriateness of emotional experience. PD patients (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 40) underwent a complex neuropsychological assessment and were administrated with the self-reported Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI) questionnaire. To explore the relationship between cognitive tests and the ECI, a regression analysis was conducted. PD patients and healthy controls differed significantly in the EC component Preparedness as well as in the neuropsychological test battery scores. PD patients showed lower scores in cognitive tests and a lower score in Preparedness compared to healthy adults. The output of the regression analysis showed that the extent to which the neuropsychological tests relate to the ECI components is low.
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Psychotherapists around the world are facing an unprecedented situation with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To combat the rapid spread of the virus, direct contact with others has to be avoided when possible.... more
Psychotherapists around the world are facing an unprecedented situation with the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To combat the rapid spread of the virus, direct contact with others has to be avoided when possible. Therefore, remote psychotherapy provides a valuable option to continue mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study investigated the fear of psychotherapists to become infected with COVID-19 during psychotherapy in personal contact and assessed how the provision of psychotherapy changed due to the COVID-19 situation and whether there were differences with regard to country and gender. Psychotherapists from three European countries: Czech Republic (CZ, n = 112), Germany (DE, n = 130) and Slovakia (SK, n = 96), with on average 77.8% female participants, completed an online survey. Participants rated the fear of COVID-19 infection during face-to-face psychotherapy and reported the number of patients treated on average per week (in p...
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The family environment is associated with religiosity and spirituality as well as many aspects of adolescent lives, including their health behaviour. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess family environment associations with... more
The family environment is associated with religiosity and spirituality as well as many aspects of adolescent lives, including their health behaviour. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess family environment associations with adolescent religious attendance (RA), i.e., weekly participation in religious services, and spirituality in a highly secular country. A nationally representative sample (n = 4182, 14.4 ± 1.1 years, 48.6% boys) of Czech adolescents participated in the 2014 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children cross-sectional study. RA, spirituality and the family environment, i.e., family communication, perceived emotional support, and parental monitoring, were measured. Higher adolescent RA was associated with lower self-reported easiness of communication with mother (odds ratio (OR) = 0.68; 99% confidence interval (99% CI) = 0.47–0.99; p < 0.01). In contrast, spiritual respondents were more likely to report both easier communication with their father (OR per sta...
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Little is known about the relationship between emotional creativity and age-related cognitive decline. This study explored how deficits in some cognitive abilities are related to emotional creativity, i.e., cognitive abilities relating to... more
Little is known about the relationship between emotional creativity and age-related cognitive decline. This study explored how deficits in some cognitive abilities are related to emotional creativity, i.e., cognitive abilities relating to originality and appropriateness in emotional experience. One hundred and eighty-seven older adults (mean age = 63.2; 58.4% females) were administered the Emotional Creativity Inventory, the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale, and the Cognitive Complaint Interview. As hypothesized, emotional creativity was negatively related to apathy and positively to disinhibition/emotional dysregulation. Several processes, such as apathy-related loss of interest, unconcern, subjective lack of energy, and changed perception of one’s disinhibited emotional reactions, may explain the observed results.
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is often accompanied by significant changes in emotionality, such as apathy, anhedonia, anxiety and depression. The present review summarizes the empirical evidence, including amygdala changes and... more
Parkinson's disease (PD) is often accompanied by significant changes in emotionality, such as apathy, anhedonia, anxiety and depression. The present review summarizes the empirical evidence, including amygdala changes and psychological changes in emotionality in people suffering from PD. Seventeen empirical full-text articles including research on both amygdala and emotionality in PD were reviewed. The changes in amygdala volumes as well as changes in binding potentials, functional connectivity, regional homogeneity and regional cerebral blood flow were found to have various impacts on emotionality in people with PD. The integration of the results showed that some effects of amygdala changes on emotionality were lateralized. Some of the reviewed studies indicated that the volume loss in the left amygdala was found to be related to increased anxiety, whereas bilateral volume loss in amygdala was linked to increased depressivity. The reviewed results also support a hypothesis of b...
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Emotional creativity (EC) is a pattern of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to originality and appropriateness in emotional experience. EC has been found to be related to various constructs across different fields of... more
Emotional creativity (EC) is a pattern of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to originality and appropriateness in emotional experience. EC has been found to be related to various constructs across different fields of psychology during the past 30 years, but a comprehensive examination of previous research is still lacking. The goal of this review is to explore the reliability of use of the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI) across studies, to test gender differences and to compare levels of EC in different countries. Thirty-five empirical studies focused on EC were retrieved and the coefficients required for the meta-analysis extracted. The meta-analysis revealed that women showed significantly higher EC than men (total N = 3,555). The same gender differences were also found when testing scores from three ECI subscales, i.e. emotional novelty, emotional preparedness and emotional effectiveness/authenticity. When comparing EC in 10 different countries (total N = 4,375), several cross-cultural differences were revealed. The Chinese sample showed a significantly lower average ECI total score than all the other countries. Based on the integration of results, the avenues for future research on EC and the breadth of influence of the concept of EC across different fields of psychology are discussed. Keywords: Emotional Creativity, Review, Meta-Analyses, Meta-Analysis, Definition, Emotional Creativity Inventory, ECI, Reliability, Gender Differences, Cross-cultural, Cross-culture, Personality Traits, NEO Personality Inventory, Big Five, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Introversion, Neuroticism, Emotions, Creativity, Cognition, Cognitive Abilities, Affect, Fantasy, Coping, Alexithymia, Anhedonia, Self-understanding, Motivation, Creativeness, Innovative Performance, Creative Ability, Artistic Creativity, Creative Thinking. MeSH Headings: Emotions, Creativity, Affect, Affective Symptoms, Gender, Sex, Gender Identity, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Transcultural Studies, Temperament, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Anhedonia, Creativeness, Cognition, Cognitive Function, Artistic Creativity, Creative Ability, Creative Thinking
Research Interests: Personality Psychology, Sex and Gender, Creativity studies, Models of Creativity & of Creative Processes, Creativity, and 15 morePsychometrics, Emotional intelligence, Creative Problem Solving, Cross-Cultural Psychology, Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review, Cross-Cultural Studies, Emotion Regulation, Social emotions, Creative thinking, Critical Thinking and Creativity, Creativity Research, Big Five Personality Traits, Psychometric Properties, Psychometrics and Test Development, and Consciousness and Creativity
The personality traits of social work leaders are important factors influencing ethical decision-making in organisations. The lack of empirical evidence with regard to the relationship between personal authenticity and ethical... more
The personality traits of social work leaders are important factors influencing ethical decision-making in organisations. The lack of empirical evidence with regard to the relationship between personal authenticity and ethical decision-making in social work stimulated the present study. Two hundred and thirty-eight leaders (81.9% female) from organisations working in various fields of social work were given the Authenticity Scale, Managerial Ethical Profile, and conducted two free association tasks with the cue words authenticity and self. Authenticity was positively correlated with ethical decision-making. In contrast, authenticity was not correlated with the tendency to make decisions in an effort to maximise economic profit for the organisation. The results of the present study have important practical implications for the social work sector. The positive correlation of authenticity with ethical decision-making indicates that positive reinforcement of authenticity in leaders could possibly lead to supporting ethical decision-making within an organisation. Therefore, supporting authenticity in leaders working in social work may also help foster quality services and prevent unethical behaviour.
Research Interests: Ethics, Social Work, Personality, Leadership, Authenticity, and 15 moreSituational Ethics, Counseling, Ethical decision making, Morality Policy, Health Services, Social Services, Managerial ethics, Ethical dilemmas, Ethical Behavior, Unethical Behavior, Ethical Issues, social services organisations, unethical decisions, immoral practices, and human characteristics
Tobias-Renstrøm and Køppe (2020) show the several conceptual limits that new materialism and postmodern subject models have for psychological theory and research. The present study continues in this discussion and argues that the... more
Tobias-Renstrøm and Køppe (2020) show the several conceptual limits that new materialism and postmodern subject models have for psychological theory and research. The present study continues in this discussion and argues that the applicability of the ideas of quantum-inspired new materialism depends on the theoretical perspectives that we consider for analysis: be it the first-person perspective referring to the subjective experience of a human subject, or the third-person perspective, in which a human subject is observed by an external observer. While the arguments of new materialism are in accordance with the analysis of the act of observation performed by an external observer, some problems arise when trying to theoretically approach the first-person subjective experience of a human subject. For example, new materialism fails to explain why human minds can maintain the awareness of a subject's identity throughout their lives and to recall the memories about their past personal experiences.
Research Interests: Cognitive Psychology, Philosophy of Mind, Memory (Cognitive Psychology), Human Memory, Theoretical Psychology, and 15 moreEmbodied Mind and Cognition, Metacognition, Consciousness, Metaphysics of Mind, Phenomenology of the body, Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Introspection, Episodic Memory, Memory, Self-awareness, New Materialism, Mental Models, Awareness, New Materialisms, and Feminist new materialism
Fear, anger and hopelessness were the most frequent traumatic emotional responses in the general public during the first stage of outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic (N = 1,000). The four most frequent categories of... more
Fear, anger and hopelessness were the most frequent traumatic emotional responses in the general public during the first stage of outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic (N = 1,000). The four most frequent categories of fear were determined: (a) fear of the negative impact on household finances, (b) fear of the negative impact on the household finances of significant others, (c) fear of the unavailability of health care, and (d) fear of an insufficient food supply. The pessimistic communications used by the Czech mass media contributed to intensifying traumatic feelings, fears and psychological distress in the general public during the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic. The anxious emotional tone of the messages and the presentation of selectively chosen “bad ending stories” contributed to the psychological traumatization of the Czech population. This form of communication was motivated by an effort to reach the broadest audience possible. Older adults were the most affected part of the population because of their isolation and their very limited opportunity to share their worries and emotions with others. The communication used by the Czech mass media during the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic is a representative example of a traumatizing form of media communication during an epidemic.
Research Interests: Emotion, Media Studies, Traumatic Stress, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Trauma Studies, and 15 morePublic Health Policy, Mass-Media Ethics, Emotions (Social Psychology), Emotion Regulation, Public Health, Stress (Psychology), Trauma, Mass media, Public mental health, Pandemic Influenza, Journalism And Mass communication, Epidemiology and Public Health, Covid-19, Coronavirus COVID-19, and COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The philosophy of mind concerns much about how novelty occurs in the world. The very recent progress in this field inspired by quantum mechanics indicates that symmetry restoration occurs in the mind at the moment when new creative... more
The philosophy of mind concerns much about how novelty occurs in the world. The very recent progress in this field inspired by quantum mechanics indicates that symmetry restoration occurs in the mind at the moment when new creative thought arises. Symmetry restoration denotes the moment when one's cognition leaves ordinary internalized mental schemes such as conceptual categories, heuristics, subjective theories, conventional thinking, or expectations. At this moment, fundamentally new, original thought may arise. We also predict that in older age, symmetry restoration is less likely to occur as internalized mental schemes become more rigid in the elderly. Furthermore, the present study demonstrates that symmetry restoration may occur not only individually, in one's mind, but also collectively, during collaborative creative activities, e.g. during small-group brainstorming sessions or creative improvisational performances. The possibility of collective symmetry restoration interacts well with the ideas in the field of relational ontology. Relational ontology highlights an important ontological role of relations. The ontological primacy is not given to individual entities, as in traditional metaphysics, but to relational structures and transformative relational processes (interactions). When accepting this assumption, we cannot imagine the situation when the actor's mind could act absolutely independently and leave all of its relations as assumed in the compatibilist theory of free will. We argue that creative free action can be performed even in the case when the actor is entangled within their material, environmental, and social relational structures.
Research Interests: Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Philosophy of Mind, Creativity studies, Creativity, and 15 moreFoundations of Quantum Mechanics, Creative Problem Solving, Cognition, Creativity and Consciousness, Problem solving (Cognitive Psychology), Virtue Epistemology, Free Will, Creative thinking, Critical Thinking and Creativity, Relationality, Symmetry, Relational Ontology, Philosophy of mind Free will and Consciousness, Philosophy of Mind: Imagination, and Consciousness and Creativity
Emo youth subculture bases its subcultural identification mostly on symbols of death, dying, suicide and other kinds of morbid content. The main goal of the present study was to explore attitudes toward suicidal behaviour and self-injury... more
Emo youth subculture bases its subcultural identification mostly on symbols of death, dying, suicide and other kinds of morbid content. The main goal of the present study was to explore attitudes toward suicidal behaviour and self-injury in emo adolescents. Semistructured in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 14 emo adherents, accompanied by an analysis of emo Web discussion forums. The results show a subculture-specific display of rules, i.e. norms of how one should express emotions. These unusual display rules enabled emo community members to express any actual emotional experience in public spaces without any inhibition. Emo participants reported that the main philosophy of the emo subculture is “to experience and express actual emotions without any restraint”. Furthermore, participants reported attitudes that included high acceptance of suicidal behaviour and self-injury. The escalation of strong emotions, for example, strong depression in the form of suicide, was perceived as something quite common in emo communities. Identification with the emo youth subculture is considered to be a factor strengthening vulnerability towards risky behaviours. Keywords: Risky Behaviors, Risky Behaviours, Problematic Behaviors, Problematic Behaviours, Suicide, Suicidal Behavior, Suicidal Behaviour, Suicidal Ideation, Self-Injury, Self-Harm, Deliberate Self-Harm, Non-Suicidal Self Injury, Nonsuicidal Self Injury, Self-Injurious Behavior, Self-Destructive Behavior, Self Mutilation, Klonsky Affect-Regulation Model, Youth Subcultures, Music-Based Subcultures, Youth, Teens, Adolescents, Adolescence, Peer Contagion, Developmental Psychology, Adolescent Psychology, Death, Dying. MeSH Headings: Suicide, Dangerous Behavior, Suicidal Ideation, Self-Injurious Behavior, Self Mutilation, Adolescent, Psychology, Developmental
Research Interests: Death, Death Studies, Subcultures, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Death & Dying (Thanatology), and 14 moreSelf Harm, Youth Subcultures, Friendship, Cultural Anthropology, Near-Death Experiences, Self-Injury, Youth subcultures (Anthropology), Youth subcultures (Sociology), Peer Relations, Subculture, Cultural and Social Anthropology, Culture and death, Urban Subcultures, and Peer Groups and Their Influence Upon the Learning of Young Children
Many cultural variations in emotions have been documented in previous research, but a general theoretical framework involving cultural sources of these variations is still missing. The main goal of the present study was to determine what... more
Many cultural variations in emotions have been documented in previous research, but a general theoretical framework involving cultural sources of these variations is still missing. The main goal of the present study was to determine what components of cultural complexity interact with the emotional experience and behavior of individuals. The proposed framework conceptually distinguishes five main components of cultural complexity relating to emotions: 1) emotion language, 2) conceptual knowledge about emotions, 3) emotion-related values, 4) feelings rules, i.e. norms for subjective experience, and 5) display rules, i.e. norms for emotional expression.
Research Interests: Emotion, Languages and Linguistics, Human Values, Values, Cultural Psychology, and 17 moreCross-Cultural Psychology, Cross-Cultural Studies, Emotions (Social Psychology), Emotion Regulation, Social Norms, Concepts, Facial expression, Affect/Emotion, Cross-cultural studies (Culture), Cross-cultural Psychology (Culture), Cross-Cultural Communicaiton, Social Norms (Psychology), Cross-Cultural Communication, Emotions, Language and Emotion, Cross Cultural Psychology, and Cognitive linguistics (especially metaphor and metonymy, conceptualization of emotions and relationship between language, mind, and culture)
The ontological turn or ontologically-oriented approach accentuates the key importance of intercultural variability in ontologies. Different ontologies produce different ways of experiencing the world, and therefore, participation in... more
The ontological turn or ontologically-oriented approach accentuates the key importance of intercultural variability in ontologies. Different ontologies produce different ways of experiencing the world, and therefore, participation in alternative realities is very desirable in anthropological and ethnological investigation. Just the participation in alternative realities itself enables researchers to experience alterity and ontoconceptual differences. The present study aims to demonstrate the power of ritual in alteration, and to show how co-experiencing rituals serves to uncover ontological categories and relations. We argue that the experience of alterity in everyday activities is of a different quality than the experience of alterity when participating in rituals. Transcendent reality is accessible during rituals. It serves as source of potentialities. These potentialities are actualized in ritual and entangled with people's everyday existence. Furthermore, we argue that participating in ritual enables the researcher to step into the alterity of alterity, and to get nearer to the origins of ontologies. Ritual participation also invokes the extension of consciousness and provides a collectively shared cognition, opening up the ontological dimension and enabling access to existential experiences and concepts. In these settings, relations between people and the world can be recognized and investigated.
Research Interests: Sociology of Religion, Ethnic Studies, Anthropology, Ontology, Social Anthropology, and 42 morePhilosophical Anthropology, Consciousness (Psychology), Ethnography, Metaphysics of Consciousness, Consciousness (Anthropology), Social and Cultural Anthropology, Ritual, Altered States of Consciousness, Time-Consciousness, Shamanism, Quantum Cosmology, Consciousness, Ethnology, Extended Mind, Social Ontology, Transcendental Philosophy, Ritual (Anthropology), Anthropology of Consciousness, Cultural Anthropology, Ritual Theory, Transcendence, Anthropology of Shamanism, Transcendentalism, Consciousness Studies, Ritual Studies, Alterity, Identity and Alterity, Rituals, Initiation Rituals, Extended Cognition, Phenomenal Consciousness, Shamanic Possession, Trance, and Altered Staes of Consciousness, Philosophy of Mind (the hard problem of consciousness), Shamanism and Shamanic Healing, Sacred Space, Relational Ontology, Trance, Ritual Practices, Double Consciousness, Anthropology of Religion, Ontological Turn, and Shaman Practice
The chapter reviews the main explanations and interpretations for differences between cultures in mean levels of neuroticism. The relationships between neuroticism and cultural dimensions are also presented to provide a complex overview... more
The chapter reviews the main explanations and interpretations for differences between cultures in mean levels of neuroticism. The relationships between neuroticism and cultural dimensions are also presented to provide a complex overview of current cross-cultural investigation in neuroticism. Three paradigmatic questions of current cross-cultural research in neuroticism were identified in the present study: the question of a) the heritability of neuroticism; b) randomness, i.e., if worldwide distribution of neuroticism is systematic or random; and c) independence of neuroticism in terms of the independence of its measurement with measurement of cultural dimensions. The present review distinguished six different interpretations for differences between cultures in mean levels of neuroticism that has emerged in current cross-cultural research:
1) intercultural differences in neuroticism reflect slight differences in culture-specific components of neuroticism, all cultures share a similar personality dimension of neuroticism, but this trait does not mean completely the same thing in various cultures;
2) the mainstream religion in a given culture influences the level of neuroticism in that culture;
3) geographically close cultures also show similar levels of neuroticism in comparison with geographically distant cultures;
4) intercultural differences in neuroticism are caused by culturally endorsed response styles;
5) intercultural differences in neuroticism reflect genetic differences between cultural groups;
6) intercultural differences in neuroticism may be caused by adaptations of psychometric personality questionnaires to other languages.
Taking these interpretations together provides an intriguing theoretical background for further theoretical developments in this field. Various implications for both theory and empirical research are discussed in the Discussion subsection of this chapter. For example, we discussed the role of acquiescence response bias, differential item functioning in factor loadings, the Euclidean similarities of personality profiles across cultures, or various methodological problems of comparing neuroticism in different cultures.
1) intercultural differences in neuroticism reflect slight differences in culture-specific components of neuroticism, all cultures share a similar personality dimension of neuroticism, but this trait does not mean completely the same thing in various cultures;
2) the mainstream religion in a given culture influences the level of neuroticism in that culture;
3) geographically close cultures also show similar levels of neuroticism in comparison with geographically distant cultures;
4) intercultural differences in neuroticism are caused by culturally endorsed response styles;
5) intercultural differences in neuroticism reflect genetic differences between cultural groups;
6) intercultural differences in neuroticism may be caused by adaptations of psychometric personality questionnaires to other languages.
Taking these interpretations together provides an intriguing theoretical background for further theoretical developments in this field. Various implications for both theory and empirical research are discussed in the Discussion subsection of this chapter. For example, we discussed the role of acquiescence response bias, differential item functioning in factor loadings, the Euclidean similarities of personality profiles across cultures, or various methodological problems of comparing neuroticism in different cultures.
Research Interests:
People construe reality by using words as basic units of meaningful categorization. The present theory-driven study applied the method of a free association task to explore how people express the concepts of the world and the self in... more
People construe reality by using words as basic units of meaningful categorization. The present theory-driven study applied the method of a free association task to explore how people express the concepts of the world and the self in words. The respondents were asked to recall any five words relating with the word world. Afterward they were asked to recall any five words relating with the word self. The method of free association provided the respondents with absolute freedom to choose any words they wanted. Such free recall task is suggested as being a relatively direct approach to the respondents' self-and world-related conceptual categories, without enormous rational processing. The results provide us, first, with associative ranges for constructs of the world and the self, where some associative dimensions are defined by semantic polarities in the meanings of peripheral categories (e.g., Nature vs. Culture). Second, our analysis showed that some groups of verbal categories that were associated with the words world and self are central, while others are peripheral with respect to the central position. Third, the analysis of category networks revealed that some categories play the role of a transmitter, mediating the pathway between other categories in the network.
Research Interests: Cognitive Psychology, Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind, Philosophy Of Language, Philosophical Psychology, and 15 moreCognition, Psycholinguistics, Voluntary Associations, The Self, Cognitive Linguistics, Concept Mapping, Philosophy of Cognitive Science, Concepts, Experimental Psycholinguistics, Small-world networks, Small world concept, Cognitive Psycholinguistics, Self-concept, Self Concept, and Association Rules
The role of emotional creativity in practicing creative leisure activities and in the preference of college majors remains unknown. This study aims to explore how emotional creativity measured by the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI;... more
The role of emotional creativity in practicing creative leisure activities and in the preference of college majors remains unknown. This study aims to explore how emotional creativity measured by the Emotional Creativity Inventory (ECI; Averill, 1999) is interrelated with the real-life involvement in different types of specific creative leisure activities and with four categories of college majors. Data were collected from 251 university students, university graduates, and young adults (156 women and 95 men). Art students and graduates scored significantly higher on the ECI than other majors. Humanities scored significantly higher than technical/economic majors. Five creative leisure activities were significantly correlated with the ECI, specifically, writing, painting, composing music, performing drama, and do-it-yourself home improvement. Keywords: Creativity, Emotional Creativity, Emotions, Creativeness, Affect, Feelings, Leisure Activities, Creative Ability, Artistic Creativity, Creative Thinking, Creativeness, Aging, Cognitive Deficits, Performance. MeSH Headings: Emotions, Creativity, Leisure, Leisure Activities, Hobbies, Recreation, Affect Affective Symptoms, Creativeness
Research Interests: Creative Writing, Emotion, Models of Creativity & of Creative Processes, Creativity, Educational Psychology, and 15 moreArts Education, School Psychology, Pedagogy, Leisure Studies, Leisure, Artistic Research, Creative thinking, College student development, Art Education, Arts Education and Pedagogy, Educational, College Students, Educational Psychology and sociology, Educational Psychology and School Counselling, and Creativeness
The widely accepted two-dimensional circumplex model of emotions posits that most instances of human emotional experience can be understood within the two general dimensions of valence and activation. Currently, this model is facing some... more
The widely accepted two-dimensional circumplex model of emotions posits that most instances of human emotional experience can be understood within the two general dimensions of valence and activation. Currently, this model is facing some criticism, because complex emotions in particular are hard to define within only these two general dimensions. The present theory-driven study introduces an innovative analytical approach working in a way other than the conventional, two-dimensional paradigm. The main goal was to map and project semantic emotion space in terms of mutual positions of various emotion prototypical categories. Participants (N = 187; 54.5% females) judged 16 discrete emotions in terms of valence, intensity, controllability and utility. The results revealed that these four dimensional input measures were uncorrelated. This implies that valence, intensity, controllability and utility represented clearly different qualities of discrete emotions in the judgments of the participants. Based on this data, we constructed a 3D hypercube-projection and compared it with various two-dimensional projections. This contrasting enabled us to detect several sources of bias when working with the traditional, two-dimensional analytical approach. Contrasting two-dimensional and three-dimensional projections revealed that the 2D models provided biased insights about how emotions are conceptually related to one another along multiple dimensions. The results of the present study point out the reductionist nature of the two-dimensional paradigm in the psychological theory of emotions and challenge the widely accepted circumplex model.
Research Interests: Personality Psychology, Emotion, Languages and Linguistics, Emotional intelligence, Personality, and 15 moreCognitive Semantics, Conceptual Modelling, Semantic Memory, Emotions (Social Psychology), Corpus Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Lexical Semantics, Concept Mapping, Linguistics, Concepts, Affect (Cultural Theory), Emotions, Experience, Arousal, and Semantic memory, Categorization, Conceptual Knowledge
The presented study introduces a new theoretical model of collapse for social, cultural, or political systems. Based on the current form of quantum anthropology conceptualized by Heidi Ann Russell, further development of this field is... more
The presented study introduces a new theoretical model of collapse for social, cultural, or political systems. Based on the current form of quantum anthropology conceptualized by Heidi Ann Russell, further development of this field is provided. The new theoretical model is called the spiral model of collapses, and is suggested to provide an analytical framework for collapses in social, cultural, and political systems. The main conclusions of this study are:
1) The individual crises in the period before a collapse of social, cultural, and political systems form the trajectory of a conical helix similar to a vortex.
2) The occurrences of crises in the period before a collapse have the shape of the trajectory on the surface of the circular cone with a convex wall narrowing up to its peak. The shape of this cone is based on the Fibonacci sequence coiled into the three-dimensional space.
3) The constant circular movement along the trajectory of crises can occur in exceptional situations in the development of social, cultural, and political systems; however, such a state is
always temporary. In such cases, the trajectory of the crisis does not follow the Fibonacci sequence, but the shape of a regular helix. Remaining on the trajectory of a regular helix in the long-term is highly improbable for social, cultural, and political systems.
4) The creation of new potentialities after the final collapse of a system is explained by the conception of topological inversion, when the heretofore embodied part of the energy-information
field returns to the global, wave-particle energy-information potential.
5) The global, wave-particle energy-information potential is a source of energy-information for future embodiments in the sense of the future collapses of wave functions.
1) The individual crises in the period before a collapse of social, cultural, and political systems form the trajectory of a conical helix similar to a vortex.
2) The occurrences of crises in the period before a collapse have the shape of the trajectory on the surface of the circular cone with a convex wall narrowing up to its peak. The shape of this cone is based on the Fibonacci sequence coiled into the three-dimensional space.
3) The constant circular movement along the trajectory of crises can occur in exceptional situations in the development of social, cultural, and political systems; however, such a state is
always temporary. In such cases, the trajectory of the crisis does not follow the Fibonacci sequence, but the shape of a regular helix. Remaining on the trajectory of a regular helix in the long-term is highly improbable for social, cultural, and political systems.
4) The creation of new potentialities after the final collapse of a system is explained by the conception of topological inversion, when the heretofore embodied part of the energy-information
field returns to the global, wave-particle energy-information potential.
5) The global, wave-particle energy-information potential is a source of energy-information for future embodiments in the sense of the future collapses of wave functions.
Research Interests: Sociology, Cultural Studies, Sociology of Culture, Ethnic Studies, Quantum Physics, and 33 moreAnthropology, Philosophy of Physics, Social Anthropology, Cultural Sociology, Dynamical Systems, Ethnography, Nonlinear Dynamics and Stochasticity, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Nonlinear dynamics, Luhmann, Culture, Culture Studies, System Dynamics Modeling, System Dynamics, Cultural Anthropology, Wave Structure Interaction, Dynamical systems and Chaos, Niklas Luhmann, Societal Collapse, Society, Fibonacci Series, Development of complex societies, Fibonacci numbers, Wavefunction Collapse, Wave Function, Stuart Hameroff, Nonlinear Dynamical Systems, Quantum Mind, Interdimensional Studies of the Physical Quantum Mind, Fibonacci, Fibonacci Sequences, Quantum Mind and Entanglement, and QUANTUM ANTHROPOLOGY
Qualitative data acquired within the recent Czech part of the independent, multi-site collaborative research project Corrective Experiences are the core basis of this paper. Eight post-treatment interviews with clients of individual... more
Qualitative data acquired within the recent Czech part of the independent, multi-site collaborative research project Corrective Experiences are the core basis of this paper. Eight post-treatment interviews with clients of individual therapies were analysed with a special focus on the role of cultural beliefs and cultural expectations in the clients’ change of interpersonal attitudes. The methodology of this research is based on in-depth interviews providing data on significant shifts or changes in attitudes toward relationships after the end of therapy. All clients completed their therapeutic treatments prior to the interviews. We monitored the experiences of our participants in the following significant domains: first, how they perceive the aspect of the self and others, including relationships that had been modified, and second, what they perceive as corrective experiences within as well as outside of therapy and in interactions with others. These data were then analysed within the Czech cultural context with the intention of understanding the dynamics of clients’ relationships and the role of cultural knowledge in the psychotherapeutic treatment.
Research Interests: Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Family Therapy, Gender Studies, Sex and Gender, and 28 morePsychotherapy, Psychotherapy and Counseling, Marriage & Family Therapy, Cultural Psychology, Cross-Cultural Psychology, Stereotypes, Stereotypes and Prejudice, Gender, Culture, Cross-Cultural Studies, Cultural Psychiatry, Counselling & Psychotherapy, Clinical Health Psychology, Psychotherapy Research, Couple Therapy, Gender stereotypes, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Multicultural counselling, Multicultural counselling competency, Counselling Psychology, Clinical and Health Psychology, Psychotherapeutic Counseling Approaches, Cultural Influences, Social and Cultural Psychiatry, Counselling, Psychotherapeutic Method, Psychotherapeutic Competencies, and Psychotherapeutic Processes
Paleoanthropology can provide a lot of important information about body size, sexual dimorphism, locomotion, hand function, feeding ecology etc. of the last common ancestor of great apes and early hominids (LCA). But the fossils can... more
Paleoanthropology can provide a lot of important information about body size, sexual dimorphism, locomotion, hand function, feeding ecology etc. of the last common ancestor of great apes and early hominids (LCA). But the fossils can reveal only limited information about LCA social organization or social behaviour. Reconstructions of the communicatory signals phylogeny are frequently based on observations of the living primates. This paper discusses a new type of evidence for homologizing human and primate facial displays. The proposed new approach uses human neuro-cognitive decoding abilities for the primate facial displays. There is an assumption that facial displays which will be interpreted more accurately than others, should be rather homological with some of human facial expressions. Results of the preliminary study involving recognition of chimpanzee facial expressions are evaluated with integration of the previous research.
Research Interests:
The evolution of social structures has influenced the way in which individuals relate to the core or the periphery of given social networks. The present theoretical outline discusses differences in the use of various evolutionary... more
The evolution of social structures has influenced the way in which individuals relate to the core or the periphery of given social networks. The present theoretical outline discusses differences in the use of various evolutionary strategies from the perspective of different positions within the social structures of humans. Two groups of strategies were discussed, the strategies of balancing between inclusiveness and distinctiveness and dispositional strategies for stress management. Chronic stress levels in group members seems to be one of natural consequences of the cooperative, gregarious living of a social species. The use of strategies is discussed from the perspective of individuals in peripheral and prototypical positions. Prototypical group members are suggested to use strategies that utilise the main social network. Dispositional coping activity of prototypical group members can be characterised by the direction "towards", i.e., towards social structure, towards family, towards peers. In contrast, peripheral group members are more prone to use strategies based on creative cognitive processes and their self-oriented coping can be characterised by the direction "inwards", or even by the direction "against", because of their thing-oriented individualistic behaviour motivated by self-willed attitudes. The direction of stress management activities represents a new, interesting variable for future discussions about the evolution of social structure and the evolutionary differentiation of individuals´ positions within a social structure.
Research Interests: Social Psychology, Discrimination, Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, Group Theory, Social Exclusion, and 19 moreSocial and Groups Psychology, Social cognition (Psychology), Social Inequality (Anthropology), Social Groups, Social Inequalities, Social Inequality, Sociality, Evolution of sociality, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Social Exclusion and Inclusion, Equality and Non Discrimination, Hierarchy, Social hierarchy, Group Member Prototypicality, Human Behavior and the Social Environment, Social Exclusion and Social Inequalities, Forms of Sociality, Group Memberships and Intergroup Behaviour With Particular Reference to Multiple Group Memberships, and Discrimination and Social Exclusion
Coping strategies belong undoubtedly to the most relevant variables for human performance and health. The Stress Coping Style Questionnaire SVF 78 has previously received critical remarks for the lack of theoretical foundations and... more
Coping strategies belong undoubtedly to the most relevant variables for human performance and health. The Stress Coping Style Questionnaire SVF 78 has previously received critical remarks for the lack of theoretical foundations and unclear interrelationships between included strategies of coping. The present study verifies the factor structure of SVF 78 using exploratory factor analysis in a sample of 187 Czech undergraduates. Four common factors were extracted, interpreted and compared with the 3- and 5-factor solutions of the same data and with other studies analyzing local versions of the SVF Questionnaire in other countries. The results support methodological usefulness of using common factor scores instead of only empirically constructed stress coping questionnaire scales, particularly for research purposes.
Research Interests: Coping Strategies, Coping (Social Support), Stress, Stress Management, Stress (Psychology), and 8 moreStress and Burnout, Coping Styles, Coping, Stress and coping, Stress and Coping, Developmental Psychology, Child Psychopathology, Special Education, Children with Mental Retardation, Parent-Child Interaction, Adolescents coping with stressful situations, Coping with Stress, and Strategi Coping
Past empirical research has neglected the relationship of neuroticism and semantic perception of different emotions. Therefore, this study explored relationships of neuroticism with subjective assessments of 10 different negative... more
Past empirical research has neglected the relationship of neuroticism and semantic perception of different emotions. Therefore, this study explored relationships of neuroticism with subjective assessments of 10 different negative emotions. One hundred eighty seven university students from 19 to 34 years (males = 85, females = 102) completed Eysenck Personality Scales. Further, they assessed the valence of 10 given negative emotions - disgust, anger, sadness, fear, contempt, hate, disappointment, jealousy, envy and guilt. The neuroticism was negatively correlated with valence, high N-persons (i.e. persons with high neuroticism scores) assessed negative emotions as more negative than low N-persons. Further, males generally assessed negative emotions more positively than females. There are a few possible interpretations.
First, high N-persons may experience negative emotions more intensively than low N-persons. Neuroticism may act as a predisposition “to experience” negative emotions more intensively. This interpretation supports the Eysenck's model, where high levels of neuroticism are supposed to relate to the lower thresholds for activation in the limbic system which is responsible for most negative emotions.
Second, high N-persons may only “evaluate” negative emotions as more negative than low N-persons. It implies that high N-persons may retrospectively evaluate their memories of past negative experiences as more negative than low N-persons. Concepts for negative emotions may be connotatively more loaded with unpleasantness based on such repetitive evaluations within high N-persons. Semantic memory networks of high N-persons probably favor negative affect generally. Keywords: Neuroticism, Trait, Temperament, Neurotic, Personality, Big Five, Negative Emotionality, Negative Affect, Negativism, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Emotion Concepts, Semantic Memory, Conceptual Knowledge, Semantics, Emotional Concepts, Valence, Pleasantness, Disgust, Anger, Sadness, Unhappiness, Fear, Contempt, Hate, Disappointment, Jealousy, Envy, Guilt, Type D Personality, Neurotic Disorders, Psychoneuroses, Neuroses
MeSH Headings: Neuroticism, Temperament, Negativism, Type D Personality, Neurotic Disorders, Emotions, Affect, Irritable Mood, Disgust, Anger, Sadness, Fear, Contempt, Hate, Jealousy, Guilt, Revulsion, Semantics
First, high N-persons may experience negative emotions more intensively than low N-persons. Neuroticism may act as a predisposition “to experience” negative emotions more intensively. This interpretation supports the Eysenck's model, where high levels of neuroticism are supposed to relate to the lower thresholds for activation in the limbic system which is responsible for most negative emotions.
Second, high N-persons may only “evaluate” negative emotions as more negative than low N-persons. It implies that high N-persons may retrospectively evaluate their memories of past negative experiences as more negative than low N-persons. Concepts for negative emotions may be connotatively more loaded with unpleasantness based on such repetitive evaluations within high N-persons. Semantic memory networks of high N-persons probably favor negative affect generally. Keywords: Neuroticism, Trait, Temperament, Neurotic, Personality, Big Five, Negative Emotionality, Negative Affect, Negativism, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Emotion Concepts, Semantic Memory, Conceptual Knowledge, Semantics, Emotional Concepts, Valence, Pleasantness, Disgust, Anger, Sadness, Unhappiness, Fear, Contempt, Hate, Disappointment, Jealousy, Envy, Guilt, Type D Personality, Neurotic Disorders, Psychoneuroses, Neuroses
MeSH Headings: Neuroticism, Temperament, Negativism, Type D Personality, Neurotic Disorders, Emotions, Affect, Irritable Mood, Disgust, Anger, Sadness, Fear, Contempt, Hate, Jealousy, Guilt, Revulsion, Semantics
Research Interests: Personality Psychology, Emotion, Personality, The big five, Guilt/shame (Psychology), and 15 moreAffect/Emotion, Affect, Disgust, Negative Affect, Neuroticism, Neurotic Disorders, Big Five Personality Traits, Temperament, Emotional concepts, Emotional valence, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Personality Traits by Eysenck, Dissapointment, Negative emotionality, and emotion concepts
Previous research has revealed that the construction of a general dimensional model of emotional experience could be quite difficult challenge. Past attempts were built on empirical evidence and employed the judgment of facial... more
Previous research has revealed that the construction of a general dimensional model of emotional experience could be quite difficult challenge. Past attempts were built on empirical evidence and employed the judgment of facial expressions, the factor analysis of questionnaire data, multi-dimensional scaling techniques, or also, the analogy with the visual perception of colors. Interestingly, such models yielded a very high level of inconsistency in mutual comparison. The present study aims to provide a theoretical, dimensional model of emotional experience based on the analysis of three current phenomenological systems of emotional typology.
Although the phenomenological approach is sometimes criticized from the standpoint of positivistic psychologists, its application seems to be fruitful in situations when quantitative empirical evidence has brought inconsistent results. The limits of this approach are discussed in the final part of the chapter.
Although the phenomenological approach is sometimes criticized from the standpoint of positivistic psychologists, its application seems to be fruitful in situations when quantitative empirical evidence has brought inconsistent results. The limits of this approach are discussed in the final part of the chapter.
Research Interests:
The chapter is focused mainly on the process of strategy choice for emotion regulation or coping. I will outline issues such as the social rootedness of emotional experience, the communicative value of emotional exchange in relation to... more
The chapter is focused mainly on the process of strategy choice for emotion regulation or coping. I will outline issues such as the social rootedness of emotional experience, the communicative value of emotional exchange in relation to regulation strategies, and the role of imagination in emotional regulation. Further, I will also pay attention to several more general issues, like the sense of inauthenticity or the presumption of causality rooted in thinking styles.
Research Interests: Social Psychology, Emotion, Communication, Coping Strategies, Critical Thinking, and 14 moreSocial Interaction, Self Regulation, Emotion Regulation, Affect Theory, Affect/Emotion, Affect Studies, Causality, Self-regulation, Affect, Coping Styles, Coping, Social Communication, Stress and coping, and Causality and Analyticity
The present review summarizes the current research on anger coping and experiencing. We proceeded step by step, starting from the structure of anger coping, covering the influence of anger coping on somatic health, the influence of anger... more
The present review summarizes the current research on anger coping and experiencing. We proceeded step by step, starting from the structure of anger coping, covering the influence of anger coping on somatic health, the influence of anger coping on psychic health, and finally we discussed the interpersonal domain of anger coping, including dyadic interactions. The main emphasis was given on the shift in the conceptualization of anger coping from the simple descriptions of coping mechanisms towards the dynamic explanations within the interpersonal context. We discussed contextual factors, such as situational specificity, relative status of the individual within the social group, interpersonal targeting of anger expression, perceived level of injustice in anger elicitors, etc. Further, we also focused on the domain of the nonverbal expression of anger. Since nonverbal expression constitutes the essential part of emotional coping, we surveyed some aspects of this subfield, such as facial expression of anger, energetical costs of nonverbal expression of anger, intrapersonal emotional transfer, and emotional transfer of anger between individuals.
Research Interests: Emotion, Anger, Emotion Regulation, Affect Theory, Affect/Emotion, and 13 moreEmotional Contagion, Affect Studies, Anger regulation, Anger Management, Affect, Anger Treatment, Self Awareness and Anger, Anger Expression, Anger Expression Styles, the State-Trait Anger Scale (STAS), Anger Measurement, Anger Questionnaire, and Anger Scale
In the article, I comment on the study results of Ingram et al. (2012). Feelings of anger were hypothesized to be reported more often in the descriptions of past conflicts of boys than in the descriptions of past conflicts of girls.... more
In the article, I comment on the study results of Ingram et al. (2012). Feelings of anger were hypothesized to be reported more often in the descriptions of past conflicts of boys than in the descriptions of past conflicts of girls. However, the authors found that boys were no more likely than girls to describe feelings of anger ensuing from a conflict. An explanation of this interesting finding is not provided in the discussion section. The present study provides possible theoretical explanations for this finding, also using the results of our studies published in the past.
Research Interests: Emotion, Evolutionary Psychology, Gender Studies, Human Evolution, Communication, and 25 moreFacial Recognition, Anger, Conflict, Gender, Nonverbal Communication, Affect Theory, Nonverbal Behavior, Facial expression, Emotional Communication, Affect/Emotion, Anger regulation, Evolution and Human Behavior, Affect, Sex Difference, Facial Expressions and Emotions, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Gender Differences, Social Conflict, Sex Differences, Sex Differences Cognition, Sex Differences in Behaviour, Anger Expression, Anger Expression Styles, Facial Expression and Body Language, and Social Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
This chapter aims to demonstrate the dynamic aspects of inequalities forming within the family and friendship networks. The Velvet Revolution in 1989 triggered strong transformation processes in Czech society. Since that time, many... more
This chapter aims to demonstrate the dynamic aspects of inequalities forming within the family and friendship networks. The Velvet Revolution in 1989 triggered strong transformation processes in Czech society. Since that time, many changes in social relations have emerged in both the public and private spheres. The example of Czech society will be used as a model for the extraction of more general reflections in our study. The following outline is matched according to the planned topic areas of the manuscript: (1) Emergence of new identities: The process of interiorisation of the economic view of the world, self, family and social relations in individuals influenced significantly the emergence of new identities during the post-communist period. An interesting phenomenon is, for example, the emergence of the “entrepreneur woman”, or the still existing inequalities between women and men in the labour market and a related gender wage disparity. In relation with these issues, we will explore the trend of the increasing age of first-time mothers. (2) Shaping of new fears: Many sources of social fears in the communist period were based on the existential uncertainty that was artificially propagated by the communist system. We discuss three groups of actual fear elicitors and their development: aging, parenting and security. (3) Meaningfulness of private life: What does the “new freedom” mean for our private lives? What are the new opportunities vs. the real possibilities? Survival within a totalitarian regime vs. life in a globalising society: new personal responsibilities, challenges and risks. New sources of social fears have emerged since the Velvet Revolution. One of the key sources is the corruption of the judicial system and politics. Post-communist citizens largely do not trust to the efficacy of the judiciary and the police. The ongoing stratification of Czech society produces new inequalities that are mostly based on the economic factors. Members of the economic elite, who control strategically significant resources, are failing to follow the rules and norms of society: they represent the identity of “new elites”.
Research Interests: Gender Studies, Czech History, Gender History, Totalitarianism, Czech & Slovak Studies, and 13 moreCollective Memory, Social Inequality (Anthropology), Social Inequalities, Czech Republic, Social Inequality, Women and Gender Studies, History of Socialism, Contemporary History of Eastern Europe, esp. Czechoslovakia, Inequality, History of Czechoslovakia, Gender inequality, Totality, Totalitarism, and Totalitarian regimes
This chapter introduces a research-based conceptual framework for the study of inner psychosocial reality of business enterprises. It is called the Inner Organizational Ecosystem Approach (IOEA). This model is systemic in nature and it... more
This chapter introduces a research-based conceptual framework for the study of inner psychosocial reality of business enterprises. It is called the Inner Organizational Ecosystem Approach (IOEA). This model is systemic in nature and it defines the basic features of small and medium-size enterprises, such as elements, structures, borders, social actors, organizational climate, processes, and resources. Further, it also covers the dynamics of psychosocial reality, processes, emergent qualities, and higher-order subsystems of the overall organizational ecosystem, including the global business environment, which is understood as a macro-system where all the individual organizational ecosystems co-exist. In the applied part of the chapter, cognitive changes emerging within systemic leadership training are defined. Participation in systemic training causes changes in cognitive processing of reality, more specifically improvements in layer-based framing, relativistic contextual orientation, temporality drift, and meaning generation. All these changes are components of systemic mind, what is the concept newly proposed and defined by the present study. The systemic mind is a living matrix that is extremely open to acquiring new skills, new patterns of thinking, analyzing and meaning generation. It is processual and it can be considered as an ongoing process of continuous absorption of new cognitive patterns. Both, the Inner Organizational Ecosystem Approach and the concept of systemic mind provide new theoretical background for empirical investigation in the fields of systemic and systems psychology, complexity psychology, organizational psychology, economic anthropology, and social anthropology of work.
Research Interests: Human Resource Development, Leadership, Complexity Theory, Change Leadership, Systems Thinking, and 28 moreHuman Resource Management, Systems Theory, Systemic Therapy, Leadership and Mentoring, Complexity, Strategic Human Resource Management, Transformational Leadership, Organizational Leadership, Systemic Functional Linguistics, Social Systems Theory, Human Resource, Human Resources, Appraisal (Systemic Functional Linguistics), Leadership Development, Complexity Leadership Theory, Human Resources Development, Social Complexity, Systems thinking, complexity science, emergence and organisational development, the application of knowledge from Quakerism to public policy to achieve social enterprise and sustainable development, A Systemic Approach to Leadership, Systems Thinking and Problem Solving, Complexity Science, General Systems Theory, Human Resourse Management, Leadership styles, Systems Thinking Approaches, Systemic Change, Mental Models Systems Thinking, and Systemics Approach
Facial expression is one of the core issues in the ethological approach to the study of human behaviour. This study discusses sex-specific aspects of the recognition of the facial expression of fear using results from our previously... more
Facial expression is one of the core issues in the ethological approach to the study of human behaviour. This study discusses sex-specific aspects of the recognition of the facial expression of fear using results from our previously published experimental
study. We conducted an experiment in which 201 participants judged seven different facial expressions: anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise (Trnka et al. 2007). Participants were able to recognize the facial expression of fear significantly better on a male face than on a female face. Females also recognized fear generally better than males. The present study provides a new interpretation of this sex difference in the recognition of fear. We interpret these
results within the paradigm of human ethology, taking into account the adaptive function of the facial expression of fear. We argue that better detection of fear might be crucial for females under a situation of serious danger in groups of
early hominids. The crucial role of females in nurturing and protecting offspring was fundamental for the reproductive potential of the group. A clear decoding of this alarm signal might thus have enabled the timely preparation of females for
escape or defence to protect their health for successful reproduction. Further, it is likely that males played the role of guardians of social groups and that they were responsible for effective warnings of the group under situations of serious danger. This may explain why the facial expression of fear is better recognizable on the male face than on the female face.
study. We conducted an experiment in which 201 participants judged seven different facial expressions: anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise (Trnka et al. 2007). Participants were able to recognize the facial expression of fear significantly better on a male face than on a female face. Females also recognized fear generally better than males. The present study provides a new interpretation of this sex difference in the recognition of fear. We interpret these
results within the paradigm of human ethology, taking into account the adaptive function of the facial expression of fear. We argue that better detection of fear might be crucial for females under a situation of serious danger in groups of
early hominids. The crucial role of females in nurturing and protecting offspring was fundamental for the reproductive potential of the group. A clear decoding of this alarm signal might thus have enabled the timely preparation of females for
escape or defence to protect their health for successful reproduction. Further, it is likely that males played the role of guardians of social groups and that they were responsible for effective warnings of the group under situations of serious danger. This may explain why the facial expression of fear is better recognizable on the male face than on the female face.
Research Interests: Social Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology, Human Evolution, Communication, Behavioral Sciences, and 15 moreFacial Recognition, Fear, Nonverbal Communication, Nonverbal Behavior, Facial expression, Evolution and Human Behavior, Cortisol, Facial Expressions and Emotions, Social Communication, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Early Hominids, Nonverbal Communication and emotions, Communications: Nonverbal, interpersonal and cultural, Facial Expression and Body Language, and Stress hormones
Objectives: Problematic computer use is the use of computer technology that may be health-endangering and may cause immediate or later negative physical or psychological health outcomes or disturb well-being in users. The main purpose of... more
Objectives: Problematic computer use is the use of computer technology that may be health-endangering and
may cause immediate or later negative physical or psychological health outcomes or disturb well-being in users.
The main purpose of this study was to review current empirical research on coping strategies which adolescents
apply in the context of problematic computer use and the coping-relevant impacts of problematic computer use.
Methods: An integrative review of empirical studies using the Web of Science, Google Scholar, reference lists
and forward tracking was conducted. Of the 404 articles identified, 28 peer-reviewed, full-text articles that
directly addressed coping in relation to problematic Internet use, computer overuse and cyberbullying were
included in the review.
Results: This review identified the structure of specific coping strategies related to problematic computer use as
well as the general patterns of relationships between reviewed instances of problematic computer use, situational
coping and dispositional coping.
Conclusions: Instrumental action and talking with others were the most frequent strategies used by adolescents to cope with
cyberbullying. The structure of the coping strategies related to problematic Internet use and computer overuse is
highly differentiated, revealing a new and promising area for future research.
may cause immediate or later negative physical or psychological health outcomes or disturb well-being in users.
The main purpose of this study was to review current empirical research on coping strategies which adolescents
apply in the context of problematic computer use and the coping-relevant impacts of problematic computer use.
Methods: An integrative review of empirical studies using the Web of Science, Google Scholar, reference lists
and forward tracking was conducted. Of the 404 articles identified, 28 peer-reviewed, full-text articles that
directly addressed coping in relation to problematic Internet use, computer overuse and cyberbullying were
included in the review.
Results: This review identified the structure of specific coping strategies related to problematic computer use as
well as the general patterns of relationships between reviewed instances of problematic computer use, situational
coping and dispositional coping.
Conclusions: Instrumental action and talking with others were the most frequent strategies used by adolescents to cope with
cyberbullying. The structure of the coping strategies related to problematic Internet use and computer overuse is
highly differentiated, revealing a new and promising area for future research.
Research Interests: Computer Science, Human Computer Interaction, Digital Humanities, Youth Studies, Young people's use of Technology, and 63 moreAddiction, Child and adolescent mental health, Social Anxiety, Coping Strategies, Depression, Children and Families, Adolescent Emotional Health and Behavior, Human-Computer Interaction for Games, Adolescent Development, Stress, Stress Management, Anti Bullying, Bullying, School Bullying, Cyberbullying, Positive Youth Development, Adolescent Health, Children and Youth, Children and Media, Adolescent, Adolescence (Psychology), Adolescent Depression, Young People, Stress (Psychology), Depression (Psychology), Addiction (Psychology), Anxiety, Youth, Children, HCI4D - Human-Computer Interaction for Development, Coping Styles, Youth development, Adolescent Mental Health, Computers, Internet Addiction, Video game addiction, Internet addiction, cyberpsychology, gaming, gambling, sex, social networks, Adolescence, Coping, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cyber Bullying, Addiction Behaviour, Child and Adolescent Psychology, Adolescents, Stress and coping, Stress and Coping, Developmental Psychology, Child Psychopathology, Special Education, Children with Mental Retardation, Parent-Child Interaction, Adolescentes, Conflict Resolution, Communication Skills, Communicating with Teens, Forgiveness, Bullying at School and in Workplace, Adolescents coping with stressful situations, Technostress, Child and Adolescent Health, Child and Adolescent Anxiety, Strategi Coping, Internet addiction and PIU Pathological Internet Use, Depresssion, Psychology and Internet Addiction, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Computer and Human interactions, Tegnologies Affect on Childrens Health, Children and Teens Health, Psychology of Human Computer Interaction, School Bullying and Cyberbullying Among Adolescents, and Human-Computer Interaction
Progressive methods of data evaluation based on recent artificial neural networks are introduced to the field of psychology in the current study. Artificial neural networks techniques work on different basis than the classical statistical... more
Progressive methods of data evaluation based on recent artificial neural networks are introduced to the field of psychology in the current study. Artificial neural networks techniques work on different basis than the classical statistical methods. Particularly, the Kohonen's Self-Organizing Map (SOM), the Modified Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH), and the recent Group of Adaptive Models Evolution (GAME) were used in this study for a self-organized clustering of the measured data and for an analysis of factor significance. Significance of seven various factors for facial expression decoding accuracy was assessed. Gender was considered to be the most significant factor for the correct recognition of facial expressions. Place of origin yielded the second highest significance. Results indicate women to be better decoders than men and persons growing up in urban areas to be better decoders than persons growing up in rural areas.
Research Interests: Artificial Intelligence, Social Cognition, Artifial Intellegence, Artificial Inteligence, Social cognition (Psychology), and 6 moreArtifical Intelligence, Artificial Neural Networks for modeling purposes, Artificial Neural Networks, Inteligencia artificial, Artificial Intelligence And Techniques, and Artificial Neural Network
The influence of the sex of the expresser was examined in relation to correct perception of facial expressions by the receiver. Two hundred and twenty-seven college students (114 women, 103 men) judged seven facial expressions, anger,... more
The influence of the sex of the expresser was examined in relation to correct perception of facial expressions by the receiver. Two hundred and twenty-seven college students (114 women, 103 men) judged seven facial expressions, anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise, by choosing the appropriate emotion name from a list of six Czech options, on men and women's faces. No significant difference was found between rates of correct perception of facial expressions on the faces of women and on the faces of men. The facial expression of fear was better recognized on the man's face than on the woman's face in this set of subjects. The results do not support the hypothesis of more accurate recognition of facial expressions on women's faces than on men's faces.
Research Interests: Social Psychology, Communication, Facial Recognition, Nonverbal Communication, Nonverbal Behavior, and 8 moreFacial expression, Facial Expressions and Emotions, Gender Difference, Social Communication, Women and Men Psychology (and Gender Differences), Gender Differences, Nonverbal Communication and emotions, and Communications: Nonverbal, interpersonal and cultural
This chapter summarizes the conceptual foundations and research on emotional creativity. Emotional creativity is defined as a pattern of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to originality and appropriateness in emotional... more
This chapter summarizes the conceptual foundations and research on emotional creativity. Emotional creativity is defined as a pattern of cognitive abilities and personality traits related to originality and appropriateness in emotional experience. This construct pervades human creative performance and represents an important link between emotional experience and cognitive processes. Empirical research in this field has revealed various links of emotional creativity to personality variables (e.g., openness to experience), positive affect, fantasy proneness, coping strategies, post-traumatic growth, better self-understanding, and one’s engagement in practicing creative leisure activities. In the applied settings, emotional creativity has been found to be positively related to the intrinsic motivation of employees, the innovative performance of employees, teaching efficacy, and an increased awareness of professional roles. Interestingly, the available meta-analysis of past studies revealed that women showed significantly higher emotional creativity than men. Emotional creativity has also been found to be lower in older adulthood compared to younger age. Because the levels of emotional creativity were found to be sensitive to the decline of cognitive functions in older adults, their decrease can be considered as one of the indicators of cognitive aging. Recent research in clinical neuropsychology has also revealed that older adults in the early stages of Parkinson’s disease showed decreased emotional creativity compared to healthy older adults.
Research Interests: Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Cognitive Science, Emotion, Models of Creativity & of Creative Processes, and 15 moreCreativity, Emotional intelligence, Personality, Creative Problem Solving, Cognition, Aging, Emotions (Social Psychology), Emotion Regulation, Affect Theory, Creative thinking, Affect/Emotion, Cognitive Aging, Emotions, Creativity Research, and Psychological Theory
The book offers a fresh look on man, cultures, and societies built on the current advances in the fields of quantum mechanics, quantum philosophy, and quantum consciousness. The authors have developed an inspiring theoretical framework... more
The book offers a fresh look on man, cultures, and societies built on the current advances in the fields of quantum mechanics, quantum philosophy, and quantum consciousness. The authors have developed an inspiring theoretical framework transcending the boundaries of particular disciplines in social sciences and the humanities. Quantum anthropology is a perspective, studying man, culture, and humanity while taking into account the quantum nature of our reality. This framework redefines current anthropological theory in a new light, and provides an interdisciplinary overlap reaching to psychology, sociology, and consciousness studies.
Contents:
1. Introduction: Why Quantum Anthropology?
2. Empirical and Nonempirical Reality
3. Appearance, Frames, Intra-Acting Agencies, and Observer Effect
4. Emergence of Man and Culture
5. Fields, Groups, Cultures, and Social Complexity
6. Man as Embodiment
7. Collective Consciousness and Collective Unconscious in Anthropology
8. Life Trajectories of Man, Cultures and Societies
9. Death and Final Collapses of Cultures and Societies
10. Language, Collapse of Wave Function, and Deconstruction
11. Myth and Entanglement
12. Ritual, Observer Effect, and Collective Consciousness
13. Conclusions and Future Directions
Contents:
1. Introduction: Why Quantum Anthropology?
2. Empirical and Nonempirical Reality
3. Appearance, Frames, Intra-Acting Agencies, and Observer Effect
4. Emergence of Man and Culture
5. Fields, Groups, Cultures, and Social Complexity
6. Man as Embodiment
7. Collective Consciousness and Collective Unconscious in Anthropology
8. Life Trajectories of Man, Cultures and Societies
9. Death and Final Collapses of Cultures and Societies
10. Language, Collapse of Wave Function, and Deconstruction
11. Myth and Entanglement
12. Ritual, Observer Effect, and Collective Consciousness
13. Conclusions and Future Directions
Research Interests: Discourse Analysis, Sociology, Sociology of Culture, Anthropology, Philosophy, and 35 morePhilosophy of Mind, Philosophy Of Language, Perception, Philosophy Of Religion, Social Anthropology, Practice theory, Linguistic Anthropology, Metaphysics of Consciousness, Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, Social and Cultural Anthropology, Altered States of Consciousness, Phenomenological Psychology, Phenomenology, Anthropology of space, Continental Philosophy, Culture, Consciousness, Critical Discourse Analysis, Phenomenology of the body, Corpus Linguistics and Discourse Analysis, Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Anthropology of Consciousness, Cultural Anthropology, Phenomenology of Space and Place, Phenomenology of Temporality, Consciousness Studies, Society, Phenomenology of Time, General Systems Theory, Quantum Mind, Anthropology of Religion, Ontological Turn, Quantum Mind and Entanglement, Quantum Physics. Philosophy of Mind, and QUANTUM ANTHROPOLOGY
This paper is a shortened version of an invited lecture held at the University of Copenhagen (Department of Anthropology) on 28 March 2019.