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WO2014075405A1 - 一种高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014075405A1
WO2014075405A1 PCT/CN2013/071716 CN2013071716W WO2014075405A1 WO 2014075405 A1 WO2014075405 A1 WO 2014075405A1 CN 2013071716 W CN2013071716 W CN 2013071716W WO 2014075405 A1 WO2014075405 A1 WO 2014075405A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hot
steel sheet
strength
sheet according
dip galvanized
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PCT/CN2013/071716
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钟勇
王利
冯伟骏
张理杨
Original Assignee
宝山钢铁股份有限公司
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Application filed by 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 filed Critical 宝山钢铁股份有限公司
Priority to ES13854299T priority Critical patent/ES2701407T3/es
Priority to EP13854299.8A priority patent/EP2921569B1/en
Priority to JP2015542139A priority patent/JP6208246B2/ja
Priority to KR1020157015819A priority patent/KR102100727B1/ko
Priority to MX2015005838A priority patent/MX380341B/es
Priority to US14/442,426 priority patent/US10100385B2/en
Priority to CA2889927A priority patent/CA2889927C/en
Publication of WO2014075405A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014075405A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D7/00Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/013Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, in particular to a high-formability hot-dip galvanized ultra-high-strength steel sheet and a manufacturing method thereof, which have a yield strength of 600 to 900 MPa, a tensile strength of 980 to 1200 MPa, and an elongation of 15 to 22%. Good plasticity, low cost and so on. Background technique
  • hot-dip galvanized products have obtained a large number of applications in automobiles with their much superior rust resistance.
  • the average usage can reach more than 80%, and the usage of some models even reaches 100. %.
  • the development of high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheets in China is relatively late, and the products are still incomplete.
  • hot-dip galvanized high-strength steel products with excellent forming properties and low cost are still blank in China.
  • high-Si design hot-dip galvanized high-strength steel products are caused by their metallurgical characteristics.
  • Japanese Patent No. 2010-053020 discloses a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in workability and a method for producing the same. It is characterized in that the composition of the component is, in mass%, containing C: 0.04-0.15%, Si: 0.7-2.3%, Mn: 0.8-2.2%, P ⁇ 0.1%, S ⁇ 0.01%, Al ⁇ 0.1%, N ⁇ 0.008%, and the balance consists of iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the structure is a ferrite phase of 70% or more, a bainite phase of 2% or more and 10% or less, a pearlite phase of 0% or more and 12% or less, and a retained austenite phase of 1% or more and 8% or less.
  • the average crystal grain size of the ferrite is 18 ⁇ m or less, and the average crystal grain size of the retained austenite is 2 ⁇ m or less.
  • the steel of the present invention has a tensile strength of 590 MPa or more and is excellent in workability (ductility and hole expandability).
  • the invention is a TRIP steel with a tensile strength of only 600 to 700 MPa and cannot meet the requirements of ultra high strength steel.
  • Chinese patent CN200810119822 discloses a lOOOOMPa grade cold-rolled hot-dip galvanized dual-phase steel and a manufacturing method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of high-strength steel plates for cold-rolling hot-dip galvanizing. It is characterized by a component mass percentage: C: 0.06-0.18%, Si: ⁇ 0.1%, Mn: 1.2-2.5%, Mo: 0.05-0.5%, Cr: 0.05-0.6%, Al: 0.005-0.05%, Nb : 0.01-0.06%, Ti: 0.01-0.05%, P ⁇ 0.02%, S ⁇ 0.01%, N ⁇ 0.005%, and the balance is an inevitable impurity.
  • the steel of the present invention has an elongation of only about 10%, which is difficult to meet the requirements for high forming properties of ultra high strength steel for automobiles, and the steel of the present invention needs to be added more.
  • Expensive alloying elements such as Mo, Cr, and Nb, Ti, etc., are not suitable as automotive steels that are extremely cost-effective.
  • Japanese Patent JP 2008-255442 discloses a hot-dip galvanized ultra-high-strength steel having a tensile strength of 780 MPa or more and a method for producing the same. It is characterized by percentage of component mass, C: 0.03-0.25%, Si: 0.02-0.60%, Mn: 2.0-4.0%, Al ⁇ 0.8%, N: 0.0020-0.015%, Ti ⁇ 0.5%, Nb ⁇ 0.5% , Ti+Nb: >0.05%, Si: 0.02-1.00%, Cu ⁇ 1.5%, Ni ⁇ 1.5%, Cu+Ni: >0.05%, and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
  • the microstructure is composed of ferrite having an average grain size of less than 5 ⁇ m and a hard second phase having an average particle diameter of less than 0.5 ⁇ m.
  • the manufacturing method of the invention is as follows: immediately after hot rolling, it is cooled to below 700 ° C in 10 s; it is taken up between 400 and 700 ° C; after pickling, it is cold rolled at 35 to 80 % reduction; in Ac3 ⁇ 950 Annealing 5 ⁇ 200s; cooling to 400 ⁇ 600°C and keeping 5 ⁇ 200s; hot dip galvanizing and heating up to 540 °C for alloying.
  • the invention can achieve a tensile strength of 1000 MPa and an elongation of up to 18%, and can meet the performance requirements of ultra high strength steel for automobiles.
  • this invention requires the addition of a considerable amount of Nb, V, Ti alloying elements (total amount > 0.25%), which not only greatly increases the material. The cost, but also the manufacturing difficulty in casting, hot rolling and the like. Summary of the invention
  • An object of the present invention is to develop a high-formity hot-dip galvanized ultra-high-strength steel sheet and a method for producing the same, which have a yield strength of 600 to 900 MPa, a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more, an elongation of 15 to 22%, and an excellent formability. Low cost, suitable for structural parts and safety parts of automobiles.
  • the continuous annealing process and the furnace atmosphere control process are performed to obtain a steel plate substrate with good platability; and after hot-dip galvanizing, a hot-dip galvanized ultra-high-strength steel plate product with good plating quality and low cost is obtained.
  • the chemical composition weight percentage is: C: 0.15 ⁇ 0.25wt%, Si: 1.00 ⁇ 2.00wt%, Mn: 1.50 ⁇ 3.00wt%, P ⁇ 0.015wt%, S ⁇ 0.012wt%, Al: 0.03 ⁇ 0.06wt% , N ⁇ 0.008wt%, the rest is Fe and unavoidable impurities; the room temperature of the steel plate is 10% ⁇ 30% of ferrite+60 ⁇ 80% of martensite+5 ⁇ 15% of retained austenite; yield strength 600 ⁇ 900MPa The tensile strength is 980 ⁇ 1200MPa, and the elongation is 15 ⁇ 22%.
  • the C content is 0.18 to 0.22% by weight.
  • the Si content is 1.4 to 1.8% by weight.
  • the Mn content is 1.8 to 2.3% by weight.
  • P 0.012%, S ⁇ O.008%, by weight percentage is 0.012%, S ⁇ O.008%, by weight percentage.
  • C is the most basic strengthening element in steel, and is also an austenite stabilizing element.
  • the higher c content in austenite is beneficial to improve the retained austenite fraction and material properties.
  • a higher C content deteriorates the weldability of the steel. Therefore, the C content needs to be controlled within a suitable range.
  • Si It is an element that inhibits carbide formation. It has very little solubility in carbides and can effectively inhibit or delay the formation of carbides. It is beneficial to inhibit the decomposition of austenite during hot-dip galvanizing, thus forming rich in the process of partitioning. Carbon austenite, and retained as residual austenite to room temperature. However, a higher Si content will reduce the platability of the material. Therefore, the steel plate designed with high Si composition should be equipped with a special substrate heat treatment process during galvanizing to ensure the quality of galvanizing.
  • Mn is an austenite stabilizing element.
  • Mn lowers the martensite transformation temperature Ms and increases the content of retained austenite.
  • Mn is a solid solution strengthening element and has a strength to increase the strength of the steel sheet.
  • an excessively high Mn content leads to excessive hardenability of the steel, which is detrimental to the fine control of the material structure.
  • high Mn also reduces the platability of the steel sheet and requires special galvanizing process to support it.
  • P Its action is similar to that of Si, mainly for solid solution strengthening and inhibition of carbide formation, and to improve the stability of retained austenite. The addition of P significantly deteriorates the weldability and increases the brittleness of the material.
  • P is used as an impurity element and is controlled as low as possible.
  • A1 Its action is similar to that of Si, mainly for solid solution strengthening and inhibition of carbide formation, and to improve the stability of retained austenite. However, the strengthening effect of A1 is weaker than Si.
  • N An element not specifically controlled in the steel of the present invention. In order to reduce the adverse effect of N on the control of inclusions, it is best to control N at a lower level during smelting.
  • the method for producing a high-formity hot-dip galvanized ultrahigh-strength steel sheet according to the present invention includes the following steps:
  • the finishing temperature is 880 ⁇ 30°C, and the coiling temperature is 550 ⁇ 650°C;
  • the annealing process adopts continuous annealing, and adopts direct fire mode oxidizing atmosphere heating and radiation mode reducing atmosphere heating two-stage heating mode to obtain a steel plate substrate with good platability; It is heated to 680 ⁇ 750 °C in an oxidizing atmosphere by direct fire heating.
  • the dew point in the continuous annealing furnace is controlled to be -35 °C ; and then the reduction is performed by radiant heating.
  • the steel strip enters the zinc pot and completes hot dip galvanizing; in the above reheating and hot dip galvanizing process, carbon is distributed from martensite to austenite, austenite is carbon-rich and stabilized, and finally cooled to room temperature.
  • the final steel plate room temperature structure is ferrite 10% ⁇ 30%+ martensite 60 ⁇ 80%+retained austenite 5 ⁇ 15% ; yield strength 600 ⁇ 900MPa, tensile strength 980 ⁇ 1200MPa, elongation at 15 ⁇ twenty two%.
  • step 2) the slab is heated to 1170 ⁇ 1200 °C.
  • the step 3) hot rolling coiling temperature is 550 to 600 °C.
  • step 5 it is heated to 680-720 in an oxidizing atmosphere by direct fire heating.
  • step 5 it is heated to 680 to 750 ° C in an oxidizing atmosphere by a direct fire heating method, and the heating time is 10 to 30 s.
  • step 5 controlling the dew point in the furnace in an oxidizing atmosphere by direct fire heating -30 ⁇ -20
  • step 5 heating in a reducing atmosphere by radiant heating 860 ⁇ 890
  • step 5 controlling the H content in the continuous annealing furnace by 10 to 15% in a reducing atmosphere by means of radiant heating.
  • step 5 is slowly cooled to 730 ⁇ 760 °C.
  • step 5 is rapidly cooled to 280-320 °C.
  • the step 5) is heated to 460 ⁇ 465 °C after rapid cooling, and the temperature is maintained for 80 ⁇ 110s.
  • the invention adopts the hot-rolling high-temperature heating furnace to keep the C and N compounds fully dissolved, and the coiling adopts a lower coiling temperature, which is advantageous for obtaining fine precipitates and avoiding the occurrence of flat rolls.
  • Adoption The pickling and cold rolling process.
  • the annealing process adopts continuous annealing, and adopts direct fire mode oxidizing atmosphere heating and radiation mode reducing atmosphere heating two-stage heating mode. Firstly, it is heated to 680 ⁇ 750 °C by direct fire. The air-fuel ratio is adjusted to achieve a weak oxidizing atmosphere. The characteristic is that the dew point of the furnace atmosphere is higher than -35 °C, so that the iron oxide layer is formed on the surface of the steel plate, thereby preventing Si, Mn, etc. The element is enriched to the surface; then heated to 840 ⁇ 920 °C by radiation, and a reducing atmosphere is used in the furnace, which is characterized by an H content of 8 ⁇ 15% (volume ratio) in the furnace, which reduces the surface iron oxide film to high activity.
  • the final structure of the steel sheet consists of ferrite + martensite + retained austenite. Due to the high Si design, the martensite which has been formed in the steel is not decomposed during the galvanizing process to ensure the desired microstructure is finally obtained. At the same time, the appropriate hot-dip galvanizing annealing technology is adopted to ensure the high Si composition steel plate. High quality galvanized.
  • the steel of the invention is designed to produce ultra-high strength cold-rolled hot-dip galvanized steel sheets by continuous annealing under the conditions of conventional hot rolling and cold rolling processes, without adding any expensive alloying elements, and only appropriately increasing Si
  • the Mn content combined with the appropriate annealing process and the furnace atmosphere control process can achieve a very high strength and good plasticity.
  • the quality of the steel plate is good, which can meet the cold-rolled hot-dip galvanizing of automobiles. High-strength steel requirements.
  • the steel of the invention has good application prospects in automobile safety structural parts after being smelted, hot rolled, cold rolled, annealed, galvanized and flattened, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing complicated shapes and requirements for formability and corrosion resistance.
  • Higher vehicle structural components and safety features such as door impact bars, bumpers and B-pillars.
  • Figure 1 is a photograph of a steel of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a photograph of a comparative steel. detailed description
  • Table 1 shows the chemical composition of an embodiment of the steel of the present invention.
  • the annealing process and mechanical properties of the steel of the present invention after smelting, hot rolling, cold rolling, annealing and hot-dip galvanizing are shown in Table 2.
  • the steel of the present invention can be obtained by an appropriate process to obtain an ultrahigh-strength cold-rolled hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having a yield strength of 600 to 900 MPa, a tensile strength of 980 to 1200 MPa, and an elongation of 15 to 22%.
  • the C content is 0.18 ⁇ 0.22%, the Si content is 1.4 ⁇ 1.8%, the Mn content is 1.8 ⁇ 2.3%, P 0.012%, S 0.008%.
  • Table 1 Chemical composition of the steel of the present invention, wt%
  • Segment H segment plus segment plus segment plus segment plus start to end YS TS TEL cold speed insulation
  • Tensile test method JIS No. 5 tensile test specimen was used, and the tensile direction was perpendicular to the rolling direction.
  • Zinc layer bonding test method Cut a 300x70mm sample from the steel plate, and bend it to 180° with a thickness of 3 times on a curved machine. Then use a transparent tape to remove the outer corner of the cleaned corner and tear off. The tape was observed to see if any peeling material had been transferred to the tape. If no peeling material is found, it is judged that the zinc layer bonding force is acceptable (OK), otherwise it is unqualified (NG).
  • Figure 1 is a comparison of the galvanizing effect of the steel of the present invention (using the furnace atmosphere control process of the present invention) and the comparative example (without the furnace atmosphere control process of the present invention). It is explained that the 0-high Si component of the present invention can obtain good hot-dip galvanizing quality after adopting the furnace atmosphere control process.

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Abstract

一种高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板,其化学成分重量百分比为:C: 0.15-0.25wt%,Si: 1.00-2.00wt%,Mn: 1.50-3.00wt%,P≤0.015wt%,S≤0.012wt%,Al: 0.03-0.06wt%,N≤0.008wt%,其余为Fe和不可避免杂质;钢板室温组织为铁素体10-30%、马氏体60-80%和残余奥氏体5-15%;屈服强度600-900MPa,抗拉强度980-1200MPa,延伸率在15-22%。该钢通过适当的成分涉及,采用连续退火生产超高强度冷轧热镀锌钢板,不需要添加任何昂贵的合金元素,仅适当的提高Si、Mn含量再结合适当的退火和炉内气氛控制工艺就可以实现强度的大幅度提高,且也具有较好的塑性,同时钢板镀锌质量良好,可满足汽车用冷轧热镀锌超高强钢的使用要求。

Description

一种高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板及其制造方法 技术领域
本发明涉及热镀锌钢板, 特别涉及一种高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板 及其制造方法, 其屈服强度在 600〜900MPa、抗拉强度 980〜 1200MPa、 延 伸率 15〜22%, 具有良好塑性、 成本低廉等特点。 背景技术
据评估, 汽车重量每减轻 10%, 可节约燃油消耗 5%〜8%, 同时可相 应减少 C02温室气体以及 NOx、 S02等污染物的排放。 我国自主品牌乘用 车的车重较国外同档次的汽车重约 10%, 而商用汽车重量的差距则更大。 汽车钢板作为车身的主要原材料, 约占车身重量的 60〜70%。 大量使用强 度在 590〜1500MPa级别的高强度和超高强度钢板替代传统汽车用钢, 是 汽车实现"减重节能、 提高安全性和降低制造成本 "的最佳材料解决方案, 对建设低碳社会意义重大。 因此提高钢板的强度以减薄钢板的厚度是近年 来钢板的一种发展趋势。 其中以相变强化为主的先进高强度汽车用钢的开 发和应用已经成为世界各大钢铁公司研究的主流课题之一。
传统的超高强钢利用马氏体、 贝氏体等高强度相结构实现高强度, 但 是同时带来了塑性和成形性能的明细下降。 在马氏体或者贝氏体组织中引 入一定量的残余奥氏体成为实现高强度和高塑性材料的有效技术路径。 例 如 TRIP钢由铁素体, 贝氏体和残余奥氏体组成, 其强度和塑性都较高, 但 是这种相结构限制了其强度的进一歩提高。 因此以马氏体代替贝氏体作为 主要的强化相开始受到人们的重视。 另外, 与普通冷轧产品相比, 热镀锌 产品以其优异得多的耐锈蚀性, 在汽车上获得了大量应用, 其使用量平均 可达到 80%以上, 某些车型的用量甚至达到 100%。我国高强度热镀锌钢板 的开发起歩较晚, 品尚不齐全, 特别是强度在 lOOOMPa以上, 成形性能优 异且成本低廉的热镀锌高强钢产品在国内尚属空白。 特别是高 Si设计的热 镀锌高强钢产品, 因其冶金学特征造成。
日本专利 JP2010-053020 公开了一种一种加工性优良的高强度热镀锌 钢板及其制造方法。 其特征在于, 成分组成为, 以质量%计, 含有 C : 0.04-0.15%, Si: 0.7-2.3%, Mn: 0.8-2.2%, P<0.1%, S<0.01%, Al<0.1%, N<0.008%, 余量由铁及不可避免的杂质构成。 组织为 70%以上铁素体相、 2%以上且 10%以下的贝氏体相和 0%以上且 12%以下的珠光体相、 1%以上 且 8%以下的残余奥氏体相。 铁素体的平均结晶粒径为 18μιη以下, 残余奥 氏体的平均结晶粒径为 2μιη以下。 该本发明钢具有 590MPa以上的拉伸强 度、 并且加工性 (延展性和扩孔性)优良。 但是此发明是一种 TRIP钢, 抗 拉强度仅为 600~700MPa级别, 无法达到超高强钢的要求。
中国专利 CN200810119822公开了一种 lOOOMPa级冷轧热镀锌双相钢 及其制造方法, 属于冷轧热镀锌用高强钢板技术领域。 其特征在于, 成分 质量百分比: C: 0.06-0.18%, Si: <0.1%, Mn: 1.2-2.5%, Mo: 0.05-0.5%, Cr: 0.05-0.6%, Al: 0.005-0.05%, Nb: 0.01-0.06%, Ti: 0.01-0.05%, P<0.02%, S<0.01%, N<0.005%, 余量为不可避免地杂质。 本发明采用 Cr、 Mo来代 替 Si, 以扩大奥氏体 +铁素体两相区, 提高双相钢的淬透性。 同时, 通过 添加 Nb、 Ti合金元素细化晶粒来提高钢的强度、 韧性, 使钢具有良好的可 焊性、 使用性, 强度级别可以达到 lOOOMPa以上, 可满足汽车用超高强度 冷轧热镀锌的性能要求。 但是该本发明钢延伸率只有 10%左右, 难以满足 汽车用超高强钢对高成形性能的要求, 而且该本发明钢需要添加较多的
Mo、 Cr和 Nb、 Ti等价格昂贵的合金元素, 不适合作为对成本控制极为严 格的汽车用钢。
日本专利 JP 2008-255442公开了一种抗拉强度 780MPa以上的热镀锌超 高强度钢及其制造方法。 其特征在于, 成分质量百分比, C: 0.03-0.25%, Si: 0.02-0.60%, Mn: 2.0-4.0%, Al<0.8%, N: 0.0020-0.015%, Ti<0.5%, Nb<0.5%, Ti+Nb: >0.05%, Si: 0.02-1.00%, Cu<1.5%, Ni<1.5%, Cu+Ni: >0.05%, 其 余为 Fe及不可避免的杂质。其微观组织结构由平均晶粒尺寸小于 5μιη的铁素 体和平均粒径小于 0.5μιη的硬质第二相构成。 该发明的制造方法为: 热轧后 立即在 10s内冷却至 700°C以下; 在 400~700°C之间卷取; 酸洗后以 35~80% 压下量冷轧; 在 Ac3~950度退火 5~200s; 冷却至 400~600°C并保温 5~200s; 热浸镀锌并加热至最高 540°C进行合金化。 该发明可实现 lOOOMPa的抗拉强 度和高达 18%的延伸率, 可满足汽车用超高强钢的性能要求。 但是此发明需 要添加相当多的 Nb、 V、 Ti合金元素 (总量〉0.25%), 不仅大幅度提高了材料 成本, 而且也提高了铸造、 热轧等方面的制造难度。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于开发一种高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板及其制造方 法,其屈服强度在 600〜900MPa,抗拉强度在 980MPa以上,延伸率在 15〜 22%, 成形性优越且成本低廉, 适用于汽车的结构件和安全件。
现有有关热镀锌高强度钢的制造方法较多, 但这些发明为了保证钢板 的可镀性, 大多采用低 Si、 Mn设计。 但是 Si、 Mn是钢铁中最有效、 成本 最低的强化元素, 低 Si、 Mn设计导致的性能下降必须用 Cr、 Mo、 Nb、 V 等昂贵的合金元素进行补偿, 不仅提高了钢材的成本, 还有可能降低产品 的可制造性。
本发明的技术方案是:
一种高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板, 采用高 Mn、 Si成分设计, 充分利 用 Si、 Mn等合金元素的强化作用, 以实现超高强度和高塑性统一的优越性 能; 配以专门的连续退火工艺和炉内气氛控制工艺, 以获得可镀性良好的 钢板基板; 并在经过镀锌后得到镀层质量良好、 成本低廉的热镀锌超高强 钢板产品。其化学成分重量百分比为: C: 0.15~0.25wt%, Si: 1.00~2.00wt%, Mn : 1.50~3.00wt% , P<0.015wt% , S<0.012wt% , Al: 0.03~0.06wt% , N≤0.008wt%, 其余为 Fe 和不可避免杂质; 钢板室温组织为铁素体 10%~30%+马氏体 60~80%+残余奥氏体 5~15%; 屈服强度 600〜900MPa, 抗拉强度 980〜1200MPa, 延伸率在 15〜22%。
优选地, 所述的钢板成分中, C含量为 0.18~0.22%, 以重量百分比计。 优选地, 所述的钢板成分中, Si含量为 1.4~1.8%, 以重量百分比计。 优选地, 所述的钢板成分中, Mn含量为 1.8~2.3%, 以重量百分比计。 优选地, 所述的钢板成分中, P 0.012%, S^O.008%, 以重量百分比 计。
本发明钢化学成分设计中:
C: 是钢中最基本的强化元素, 也是奥氏体稳定化元素, 在奥氏体中较 高的 c含量有利于提高残余奥氏体分数和材料性能。 但是较高的 C含量会 恶化钢材的焊接性能。 因此, C含量需控制在一个合适的范围。 Si: 是抑制碳化物形成元素, 在碳化物中的溶解度极小, 能够有效抑 制或者推迟碳化物的形成, 有利于在热镀锌过程中抑制奥氏体的分解, 从 而在配分过程中形成富碳奥氏体, 并作为残余奥氏体保留至室温。 但是较 高的 Si含量会降低材料的可镀性。因此高 Si成分设计的钢板在镀锌时要配 以特殊的基板热处理工艺, 以确保镀锌质量。
Mn: 是奥氏体稳定化元素。 Mn的存在可降低马氏体转变温度 Ms, 使 残余奥氏体的含量增加。 此外 Mn是固溶强化元素, 对提高钢板的强度有 禾 I」。 但是过高的 Mn含量会导致钢材的淬透性过高, 不利于材料组织的精 细控制。 另外与 Si的影响类似, 高 Mn同样会降低钢板的可镀性, 需要有 特殊的镀锌工艺进行支持。
P: 其作用与 Si相似, 主要是起到固溶强化和抑制碳化物形成, 提高 残余奥氏体稳定性的作用。 P 的加入会显著恶化焊接性能, 增加材料的脆 性, 在本发明中将 P作为杂质元素, 尽量控制在低水平。
S: 作为杂质元素其含量尽量控制在较低的水平。
A1: 其作用与 Si相似, 主要是起到固溶强化和抑制碳化物形成, 提高 残余奥氏体稳定性的作用。 但 A1的强化效果弱于 Si。
N: 在本发明钢中不是特别控制的元素。 为降低 N对夹杂物控制的不 利影响, 在冶炼时尽量把 N控制在较低的水平。 本发明的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方法, 包括如下歩骤:
1) 冶炼、 浇铸
按上述成分冶炼、 浇铸成板坯;
2) 板坯加热到 1170〜1230°C并保温;
3) 热轧
终轧温度为 880±30°C, 卷取温度 550〜650°C ;
4) 酸洗、 冷轧
冷轧变形量 40〜60%, 形成钢带;
5) 退火
退火工艺采用连续退火, 并采用直火方式氧化气氛加热和辐射方式 还原气氛加热两段加热方式, 以获得具有良好可镀性的钢板基板; 以直火加热方式在氧化性气氛中加热至 680~750°C,通过对加热炉中 空气 -燃料比进行调整, 控制连续退火炉内露点〉 -35 °C ; 再以辐射加 热方式在还原性气氛中继续加热至 840〜920°C并保温 40~80s, 控制 连续退火炉内 ¾含量 8~15%,其余为 N2 ; 以< 10°〇 的冷速缓冷至 720〜800°C, 使材料中获得一定比例的铁素体; 快冷至 260〜360°C, 冷却速度≥501 /8,使奥氏体部分转变为马氏体;然后再加热至 460〜 470 °C , 保温 60~120s;
6) 热浸镀锌
钢带进入锌锅, 完成热浸镀锌; 在上述再加热保温和热镀锌过程中, 碳由马氏体分配至奥氏体中, 使奥氏体富碳并稳定化, 最后冷却至 室温, 最终的钢板室温组织为铁素体 10%~30%+马氏体 60~80%+残 余奥氏体 5~ 15 % ;屈服强度 600〜 900MPa,抗拉强度 980〜 1200MPa, 延伸率在 15〜22%。
优选地, 歩骤 2 ) 板坯加热到 1170~1200°C。
优选地, 歩骤 3 ) 热轧卷取温度 550~600°C。
优选地, 歩骤 5 ) 中以直火加热方式在氧化性气氛中加热至 680~720
°C。
优选地, 在歩骤 5 )中以直火加热方式在氧化性气氛中加热至 680~750 °C, 加热时间为 10~30s。
优选地,歩骤 5 )以直火加热方式在氧化性气氛中控制炉内露点 -30〜- 20
°C。
优选地, 歩骤 5 ) 以辐射加热方式在还原性气氛中继续加热 860~890
°C ;
优选地,歩骤 5 )以辐射加热方式在还原性气氛中控制连续退火炉内 H 含量 10~15%。
优选地, 歩骤 5 ) 缓冷至 730~760°C。
优选地, 歩骤 5 ) 快冷至 280~320°C。
优选地, 歩骤 5 ) 快冷后再加热至 460~465 °C, 保温 80~110s。
本发明采用热轧高温加热炉保温有利于 C和 N化合物的充分溶解, 卷 取采用较低的卷取温度有利于获得细小的析出物并避免发生扁卷。 采用常 规的酸洗和冷轧工艺。
退火工艺采用连续退火, 并采用直火方式氧化气氛加热和辐射方式还 原气氛加热两段加热方式。首先用直火加热至 680~750°C,通过调整空燃比 以实现弱氧化气氛, 其特征为炉内气氛露点高于 -35°C, 使钢板表面形成氧 化铁层,从而阻止 Si、Mn等元素向表面的富集;然后用辐射加热至 840~920 °C, 炉内采用还原性气氛, 其特征为炉内 H含量 8~15% (体积比) , 使表 面氧化铁薄膜还原为高活性的纯铁, 以获得具有良好可镀性的钢板基板, 有利于后续实现高质量热镀锌; 采用较高的退火温度, 是为了形成均匀化 的奥氏体组织, 有利于提高钢的强度; 之后以 < 10 °C /s 的冷速缓冷至 720-800 °C , 以获得一定量的铁素体, 有利于提高钢的塑性; 之后快冷至至 Mf之间某一温度, 奥氏体部分转变为马氏体; 然后再加热至镀锌温 度并保温 60~120s, 之后钢带进入锌锅完成镀锌工序, 在此过程中碳在马氏 体和奥氏体中发生再分配, 使奥氏体富碳稳定性增加, 从而获得较多的残 余奥氏体, 有利于提高加工硬化能力和成形性能。 钢板的最终组织由铁素 体 +马氏体 +残余奥氏体组成。 由于采用高 Si设计, 使钢中已经形成的马氏 体在镀锌过程中基本不发生分解, 以保证最终获得所需的组织形态; 同时 采用适当热镀锌退火技术, 以保证高 Si成分钢板的高质量镀锌。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明钢通过适当的成分设计,使得在常规的热轧和冷轧工艺条件下, 采用连续退火生产超高强度冷轧热镀锌钢板, 不需要添加任何昂贵的合金 元素, 仅适当的提高 Si、 Mn含量再结合适当的退火工艺和炉内气氛控制工 艺就可以实现强度的大幅度挺高, 且也具有较好的塑性, 同时钢板镀锌质 量良好, 可满足汽车用冷轧热镀锌超高强钢的使用要求。
本发明钢经冶炼、 热轧、 冷轧、 退火、 镀锌、 平整后在汽车安全结构 件中将具有较好的应用前景, 特别适合于制造形状较为复杂、 对成形性能 和耐蚀性能都要求较高的车辆结构件和安全件,如车门防撞杆、保险杠及 B 柱等。 附图说明
图 1为本发明实施例钢的照片。 图 2为比较例钢的照片。 具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一歩说明。
表 1给出了本发明钢的实施例的化学成分。
本发明钢经冶炼、 热轧、 冷轧、 退火和热镀锌后的产品, 其退火工艺 及力学性能情况如表 2所示。 从表 2可看出, 本发明钢经过适当的工艺配 合,可得到屈服强度 600〜900MPa、抗拉强度 980〜1200MPa、延伸率 15〜 22%的超高强度冷轧热镀锌钢板。
C: 0.15~0.25wt%, Si: 1.00~2.00wt%, Mn: 1.50~3.00wt%, P<0.015wt%, S<0.012wt%, Al: 0.03~0.06wt%, N<0.008wt%;
C含量为 0.18~0.22%, Si含量为 1.4~1.8%, Mn含量为 1.8~2.3%, P 0.012%, S 0.008%。 表 1 本发明钢的化学成分, wt%
Figure imgf000008_0001
表 2 实施例的工艺和力学性能
Figure imgf000008_0002
镀锌
辐射 辐射 辐射 快冷 快冷
缓冷 镀锌温 温度
段 H 段加 段加 段加 段加 开始 结束 YS TS TEL 冷速 度 保温
含量 热温 热时 热温 热时 温度 温度 (MPa) (MPa) (%) 点。 c °C /s °C 时间
% 度。 c 间 s 度。 C 间 s °C °C
s
i -30 8 739 30 842 50 4 712 351 469 1 10 679 968 21.1 OK 实施例
ii -27 8 692 25 886 50 6 735 343 463 70 710 985 19.3 OK
1
iii -3 1 9 681 20 890 60 8 757 336 467 70 772 1058 18.1 OK i -30 10 745 20 857 70 3 733 323 465 120 615 952 23.5 OK 实施例
ii -33 10 742 20 902 70 6 738 306 468 60 676 967 20.2 OK
2
iii -3 1 9 698 20 868 80 9 732 287 464 70 715 1065 18.3 OK i -35 7 685 10 865 40 10 786 283 458 80 812 1 143 16.9 NG 实施例
ii -32 8 712 20 920 50 8 732 286 452 100 783 1 195 17.2 OK 3
iii -25 9 734 20 890 60 6 720 33 1 454 90 705 1 157 17.0 OK i -30 9 721 20 869 60 8 765 280 456 70 822 1 150 16.8 OK 实施例
ii -42 1 1 744 10 882 40 10 753 289 462 80 825 1 157 17.3 NG 4
iii -3 1 10 725 30 867 80 8 738 260 466 100 776 1 101 18.0 OK i -35 13 706 20 878 60 5 733 360 470 60 701 988 20.3 OK 实施例
ii -36 15 748 20 904 60 5 754 354 468 90 805 1012 18.1 OK 5
iii -32 10 741 20 916 60 5 761 3 16 456 80 887 1098 18.6 OK i -3 1 13 718 15 878 50 6 793 305 460 60 845 1 1 12 18.1 OK 实施例
ii -20 15 729 20 889 50 6 754 320 457 100 683 983 23.3 OK 6
iii -23 10 738 25 860 50 7 800 306 462 90 887 1 158 17.1 OK 比较例 1 - - - - 850 - - - 520 490 50 - 635 34.9 OK 比较例 2 - - - - 820 - - - - 460 10 598 1022 9.5 OK 比较例 3 - - - - 838 - - - 520 463 43 659 1001 18.1 OK 备注:
拉伸试验方法: 采用 JIS5号拉伸试样, 拉伸方向垂直于轧制方向。
锌层结合力测试方法: 从钢板上切取 300x70mm尺寸的样板, 在弯曲 5 机上以 3倍板厚为弯心直径冷弯至 180°, 然后用透明胶带粘取清洗后的弯 角外侧, 撕下胶带观察是否有剥离物转移至胶带。 如果未发现剥离物, 则 判定锌层结合力合格 (OK) , 否则为不合格 (NG) 。
参见图 1、 图 2, 图 1是本发明钢 (采用本发明炉内气氛控制工艺) 与 比较例 (未采用本发明炉内气氛控制工艺) 镀锌效果比较。 说明本发明的0 高 Si成分在采用炉内气氛控制工艺后可获得良好的热镀锌质量。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板, 其化学成分重量百分比为
C: 0.15~0.25wt%
Si: 1.00~2.00wt%
Mn: 1.50~3.00wt%
P<0.015wt%
S<0.012wt%
Al: 0.03~0.06wt%
N<0.008wt%
其余为 Fe和不可避免杂质;
钢板室温组织为铁素体 10%~30%+马氏体 60, 80%+残余奥氏 体 5~15%; 屈服强度 600〜900MPa, 抗拉强度 980' - 1200MPa, 延 伸率在 15〜22%。
2. 如权利要求 1所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板, 其特征是, 所 述的钢板成分中, C含量为 0.18~0.22%, 以重量百分比计。
3. 如权利要求 1所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板, 其特征是, 所 述的钢板成分中, Si含量为 1.4~1.8%, 以重量百分比计。
4. 如权利要求 1所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板, 其特征是, 所 述的钢板成分中, Mn含量为 1.8~2.3%, 以重量百分比计。
5. 如权利要求 1所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板, 其特征是, 所 述的钢板成分中, P 0.012%, S^O.008%, 以重量百分比计。
6. 如权利要求 1~5中任何一项所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的 制造方法, 包括如下歩骤:
1)冶炼、 浇铸
按上述成分冶炼、 浇铸成板坯;
2)板坯加热到 1170〜1230°C ;
3)热轧
终轧温度为 880±30°C, 卷取温度 550〜650°C ;
4)酸洗、 冷轧
冷轧变形量 40〜60%, 形成钢带; 5)退火
退火工艺采用连续退火, 并采用直火方式氧化气氛加热和辐射 方式还原气氛加热两段加热方式;
以直火加热方式在氧化性气氛中加热至 680~750°C,控制连续退 火炉内露点〉 -35 °C ; 再以辐射加热方式在还原性气氛中继续加热至
840〜920°C并保温 40~80s,控制连续退火炉内 H含量 8~15 %;以 3〜 10°C/s的冷速缓冷至 720〜800°C,使材料中获得一定比例的铁素体; 快冷至 260〜360°C,冷却速度≥50°C/s,使奥氏体部分转变为马氏体; 然后再加热至 460〜470°C, 保温 60~120s;
6)热浸镀锌
钢带进入锌锅, 完成热浸镀锌; 在上述再加热保温和热镀锌过 程中, 碳由马氏体分配至奥氏体中, 使奥氏体富碳并稳定化, 最后 冷却至室温, 最终的钢板室温组织为铁素体 10%~30%+马氏体 60~80%+残余奥氏体 5~15%; 屈服强度 600〜900MPa, 抗拉强度 980〜1200MPa, 延伸率在 15〜22%。
7. 如权利要求 6所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方法, 其 特征是, 歩骤 2 ) 板坯加热到 1170~1200°C。
8. 如权利要求 6所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方法, 其 特征是, 歩骤 3 ) 热轧卷取温度 550~600°C。
9. 如权利要求 6所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方法, 其 特征是, 歩骤 5 ) 中以直火加热方式在氧化性气氛中加热至 680~720°C。
10. 如权利要求 6或 9所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方 法, 其特征是, 歩骤 5 ) 以直火加热方式在氧化性气氛中控制炉内露点 -30 °C~-20°C。
11. 如权利要求 6 所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方法, 其特征是, 歩骤 5 ) 以辐射加热方式在还原性气氛中继续加热 860~890°C ;
12. 如权利要求 6或 11所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方 法, 其特征是, 歩骤 5 ) 以辐射加热方式在还原性气氛中控制连续退火炉内 H含量 10~15%。
13. 如权利要求 6 所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方法, 其特征是, 歩骤 5 ) 快冷至 280~320°C。
14. 如权利要求 6或 13所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方 法, 其特征是, 歩骤 5 ) 快冷后再加热至 460~465 °C, 保温 80~110s。
15. 如权利要求 6 所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方法, 其特征是, 歩骤 5 ) 缓冷至 730~760°C。
16. 如权利要求 6 所述的高成形性热镀锌超高强度钢板的制造方法, 其特征是, 在歩骤 5 ) 中, 以直火加热方式在氧化性气氛中加热至 680~750 °C, 控制连续退火炉内露点〉 -35 °C, 加热时间 10~30s。
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