WO2009072637A1 - 電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体の製造方法、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 - Google Patents
電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体の製造方法、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009072637A1 WO2009072637A1 PCT/JP2008/072211 JP2008072211W WO2009072637A1 WO 2009072637 A1 WO2009072637 A1 WO 2009072637A1 JP 2008072211 W JP2008072211 W JP 2008072211W WO 2009072637 A1 WO2009072637 A1 WO 2009072637A1
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- Prior art keywords
- photosensitive member
- electrophotographic photosensitive
- intermediate layer
- acidic
- electrophotographic
- Prior art date
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- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007634 remodeling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003987 resole Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N stilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PJANXHGTPQOBST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012719 thermal polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003557 thiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M thionine Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N)=CC=C3N=C21 ANRHNWWPFJCPAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005259 triarylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
- G03G5/144—Inert intermediate layers comprising inorganic material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/05—Organic bonding materials; Methods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layer; Inert supplements for use in photoconductive layers
- G03G5/0525—Coating methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0664—Dyes
- G03G5/0675—Azo dyes
- G03G5/0679—Disazo dyes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14708—Cover layers comprising organic material
- G03G5/14713—Macromolecular material
- G03G5/14717—Macromolecular material obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G5/14734—Polymers comprising at least one carboxyl radical, e.g. polyacrylic acid, polycrotonic acid, polymaleic acid; Derivatives thereof, e.g. their esters, salts, anhydrides, nitriles, amides
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14708—Cover layers comprising organic material
- G03G5/14713—Macromolecular material
- G03G5/14786—Macromolecular compounds characterised by specific side-chain substituents or end groups
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/147—Cover layers
- G03G5/14708—Cover layers comprising organic material
- G03G5/14713—Macromolecular material
- G03G5/14791—Macromolecular compounds characterised by their structure, e.g. block polymers, reticulated polymers, or by their chemical properties, e.g. by molecular weight or acidity
Definitions
- Patent application title ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE BODY, ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC PHOTOSENSITIVE MANUFACTURING METHOD, PROCESS CARTRIDGE
- the present invention relates to an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a method for manufacturing an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a process cartridge, and an electrophotographic apparatus.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor using an organic photoconductive substance is easier to manufacture than an electrophotographic photoreceptor using an inorganic photoconductive substance (inorganic electrophotographic photoreceptor).
- organic electrophotographic photoreceptors are widely used in the market due to the rapid spread of laser beam printers in recent years.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor those having a support and a photosensitive layer formed on the support are generally used.
- a photosensitive layer a multilayer photosensitive layer is often used in which a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material and a hole transport layer containing a hole transport material are sequentially laminated from the support side.
- the purpose is to improve the adhesion between the support and the photosensitive layer, protect the photosensitive layer from electrical breakdown, and prevent hole injection from the support to the photosensitive layer.
- an intermediate layer is provided between the support and the photosensitive layer.
- Such an intermediate layer has the above-mentioned merits, but also has a demerit that charges are easily accumulated.
- potential fluctuations may increase and image defects may occur when image formation is repeated for a long period of time.
- JP-A-2005-134924, JP-A-2005-221923, and JP-A-2007-14 8357 titanium oxide particles having a small particle diameter subjected to surface treatment are contained in the intermediate layer.
- a technique for improving potential fluctuation and suppressing interference fringes is disclosed.
- JP-A-58-93062, JP-A-59-84257, JP-A-9-90661 and JP-A-2000-66432 use an electrophotographic photosensitive member having an intermediate layer.
- a technique for reducing potential fluctuations such as increase in residual potential and decrease in initial potential when image formation is repeatedly performed.
- the initial sensitivity is lowered and the charging ability is also lowered, so that the current situation is that the problem has not yet been solved sufficiently.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member rotates several times to form an image for one A4 sheet, but the potential characteristics of the electrophotographic photosensitive member fluctuate in one of the images, and the output image Color and density may change.
- the density of the first and second images may be different. Such a short-term potential change becomes noticeable when an image is formed in a low humidity environment.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member must be capable of constantly forming a stable image by suppressing both the long-term potential fluctuation (1) and the short-term potential fluctuation (2).
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which both long-term potential fluctuation and short-term potential fluctuation are suppressed, a method for producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and It is to provide an electrophotographic apparatus.
- the present invention provides a support, an intermediate layer formed on the support, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material formed on the intermediate layer, and a positive electrode formed on the charge generation layer.
- a support an intermediate layer formed on the support, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material formed on the intermediate layer, and a positive electrode formed on the charge generation layer.
- the intermediate layer is a layer formed by applying and drying an intermediate layer coating solution containing an acidic titania sol and an organic resin,
- the acidic titania solka is an acidic sol containing anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 9 nm or less.
- An electrophotographic photosensitive member characterized by the above.
- the present invention also provides an intermediate layer forming step for forming an intermediate layer on a support, a charge generating layer forming step for forming a charge generating layer containing a charge generating substance on the intermediate layer, and the charge generating layer.
- a hole transport layer forming step of forming a hole transport layer containing a hole transport material thereon
- the intermediate layer forming step is a step of forming the intermediate layer by applying and drying an intermediate layer coating solution containing an acidic titania sol and an organic resin,
- the acidic titania solka is an acidic sol containing anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 9 nm or less.
- the present invention also provides the electrophotographic photosensitive member, charging means for charging the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with toner.
- Developing means for forming a toner image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member and cleaning means for removing the toner remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member after the toner image is transferred to the transfer material A process cartridge that integrally supports at least one means selected from the group consisting of force and is detachable from the main body of the electrophotographic apparatus.
- the present invention also provides the electrophotographic photosensitive member by irradiating exposure light onto the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging means for charging the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and the charged surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- An exposure means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the body, and developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with toner to form a toner image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member
- An electrophotographic apparatus comprising: a developing unit for transferring the toner image; and a transfer unit for transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to a transfer material.
- an electrophotographic photoreceptor in which both long-term potential fluctuation and short-term potential fluctuation are suppressed, a method for producing the electrophotographic photoreceptor, and a process having the electrophotographic photoreceptor A cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention includes a support, an intermediate layer formed on the support, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material formed on the intermediate layer, and a shape formed on the charge generation layer. It has a hole transport layer containing the formed hole transport material.
- the intermediate layer is a layer formed by applying an acidic titania sol and an intermediate layer coating solution containing an organic resin, and drying.
- the acidic titania sol is In addition, it is an acidic zonore containing anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 9 nm or less.
- the average primary particle diameter of oxyhititanium crystal particles is sometimes called “average crystallite”.
- titanium oxide crystal particles may be simply referred to as “titanium oxide particles”.
- the acidic titania sol used in the present invention is prepared by, for example, hydrolyzing an aqueous solution of titanyl sulfate by heating, etc., and neutralizing, filtering, and washing the precipitated hydrous titanium oxide with a cake such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid. Obtained by peptization with strong acid.
- the acidic titania sol used in the present invention is also referred to as “acidic titania azole J according to the present invention”.
- the titania sol usually exhibits acidity, neutrality, or basicity depending on the type of acid or base used in the production of the sol or a stabilizer.
- the titania sol is an acidic sol containing anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle size of 3 nm to 9 nm. (Titania sol) is preferred.
- the average primary particle diameter of the anatase type titanium oxide crystal particles is more preferably 5 nm or more and 7 nm or less.
- the acidic titania sol may be any mineral component such as mineral acid or organic acid.
- the acidic titania sol according to the present invention is preferably a hydrochloric acid acidic sol or a nitric acid acidic sol. ,.
- Product name 1 ⁇ 3-202 (manufactured by Tika Co., Ltd., acidic nitric acid sol containing 33% by mass of anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles with an average primary particle size of 6 nm)
- the average primary particle diameter (average crystallite diameter) of the titanium oxide crystal particles in the acidic titania azo nore according to the present invention can be measured and calculated by the following method.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention includes a support, an intermediate layer formed on the support, a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material formed on the intermediate layer, and the charge.
- the support may be any conductive one (conductive support).
- a metal support such as aluminum, stainless steel or nickel, or a metal provided with a conductive coating on the surface.
- Plastic, paper support and the like examples of the shape of the support include a cylindrical shape and a film shape.
- a cylindrical aluminum support is preferable in terms of mechanical strength, electrophotographic characteristics, and cost.
- a layer for the purpose of covering defects on the surface of the support or preventing interference fringes (also called “conductive layer”, “interference fringe prevention layer”, etc.); )
- Such a conductive layer is prepared by dispersing a coating liquid prepared by dispersing inorganic particles such as tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, and barium sulfate in a solvent together with a curable resin such as phenol resin. It can be formed by coating on a support and drying it.
- the thickness of the conductive layer is preferably 5 a m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less.
- An intermediate layer is formed on the support or the conductive layer (interference fringe prevention layer).
- the intermediate layer is formed by applying the intermediate layer coating solution containing the acidic titania azore and the organic resin according to the present invention on the support or the conductive layer (interference fringe prevention layer) and drying it. It is formed.
- organic resin (binder resin) used in the intermediate layer examples include phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyester, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyamic acid, polyethylene, polystyrene, and styrene / acrylic copolymer.
- Polymers acrylic resins, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol, polybuchethal, polyvinyl butyral, polybülbenzal, polyvinyl formal, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylamide, acrylonitrile monobutadiene copolymer, polysalts , Bull chloride Vinyl acetate copolymer, cellulose, melamine resin, amylose, amylopectin, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyamide (nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 610, copolymer nylon, alkoxymethylated nylon, etc.), silicone resin, etc. Can be mentioned. These resins can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- polyamide is preferable from the viewpoint of coating properties when the charge generation layer coating solution is applied on the intermediate layer. Further, among polyamides, methoxymethylated nylon 6 is more preferable among alkoxymethylated nylons from the viewpoint of suppressing potential fluctuation.
- the intermediate layer may contain a metal, a metal oxide or the like for adjusting volume resistivity, dielectric constant, and the like.
- particles of metal such as aluminum and copper, aluminum oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, zinc oxide, silicon oxide, tantalum oxide, molybdenum oxide, acid Examples include metal oxide particles such as tungsten tungsten.
- the intermediate layer may contain organometallic compounds such as dinolecotetra-n-butoxide, titanium tetra-n-butoxide, aluminum isopropoxide, and methylmethoxysilane, or carbon black. ,. These can also be a mixture.
- the intermediate layer contains untreated titanium oxide particles having an average primary particle diameter of 13 nm or more and 60 nm or less from the viewpoint of suppressing potential fluctuations and preventing hole injection into the photosensitive layer.
- the surface untreated titanium oxide particles are used for the intermediate layer together with the acidic titania sol and the organic resin according to the present invention. What is necessary is just to make it contain in a coating liquid. If the average primary particle size of the untreated titanium oxide particles is too small, the stability of the coating solution for the intermediate layer may be lowered.
- the surface-untreated titanium oxide particles mean titanium oxide particles whose surface is not coated with an inorganic material or an organic material.
- Preferred examples of surface-untreated titanium oxide particles having an average primary particle diameter of 13 nm to 60 mn are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- MT-150A Rutile titanium oxide crystal particles with an average primary particle size of 15 nm, manufactured by Tika Corporation
- the surface untreated titanium oxide particles having an average primary particle size of 13 nm or more and 60 nm or less are more preferably retile type titanium oxide crystal particles from the viewpoint of suppressing a long-term potential fluctuation.
- the intermediate layer may contain an azo pigment in order to suppress a short-term potential fluctuation.
- azo pigments include monoazo pigments, bisazo pigments, trisazo pigments, and tetrax pigments.
- the azo pigment to be contained in the intermediate layer may be one that can be used as a charge generation material. However, when the azo pigment is contained in the intermediate layer as in the present invention, substantial sensitivity is achieved. It is not necessary to have les.
- the azo pigments having the coupler structure represented by the following general formula (1) have good dispersion stability in the coating solution for the intermediate layer containing the acidic titania sol and the organic resin according to the present invention. And it is preferable in terms of suppressing potential fluctuations.
- Ar represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the azo pigment represented by the following general formula (2) is an intermediate layer coating containing the acidic titania sol and the organic resin according to the present invention. It is more preferable in terms of dispersion stability in the liquid and suppression of potential fluctuation.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, X 1 represents a vinylene group or p-phenylene group, and n represents 0 or 1.
- examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group and a naphthyl group.
- substituent that the aryl group may have include an alkyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, a dialkylamino group, a arylenoamino group, a nitrogen atom, a halomethyl group, a hydroxy group, a nitro group, and a cyano group, Examples include acetyl group and benzoyl group.
- examples of the alkenoquino group include a methinole group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and a butyl group.
- Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
- Examples of the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, a trifluoromethoxy group, and an ethoxy group.
- Examples of the dialkylamino group include a dimethylamino group and a jetylamino group.
- Examples of the arylamino group include a phenylamino group and a diphenylamino group.
- Examples of the halogen atom include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, and a bromine atom.
- Examples of the halomethyl group include a trifluoromethyl group and a tribromomethyl group.
- a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethoxy group, and a nitro group are preferable.
- Preferred examples of the azo pigment represented by the general formula (2) are as follows. However , the present invention is not limited to these examples.
- the azo pigment represented by the general formula (2) can be synthesized according to a general method for producing an azo pigment, for example, as described in JP-A-8-87124.
- the content of anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 3 nm to 9 nm contained in the acidic titania sol according to the present invention in the coating solution for intermediate layer is the total mass of dry solids in the coating solution for intermediate layer
- the content is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, more preferably 1.0% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less. If the content of the anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles is too small, the effect of suppressing the potential fluctuation may be insufficient. If the content is too large, the stability of the coating solution for the intermediate layer and the coating solution for the intermediate layer may be reduced. The coatability may be reduced.
- the content of anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 9 nm or less in the intermediate layer is preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the intermediate layer. Masugu 1.0 or more 10% by mass. More preferably / 0 or less. If the content of the anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles is too small, the effect of suppressing potential fluctuation may be poor.
- the surface-treated titanium oxide particles having an average primary particle size of 13 nm or more and 60 nm or less are included in the intermediate layer, the content of the surface-untreated titanium oxide particles in the intermediate layer is the total mass of the intermediate layer. On the other hand, it is preferably 20% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less ⁇ more preferably 30% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less.
- the content of the azo pigment in the intermediate layer is preferably 5.0% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the intermediate layer. More preferably, it is 15 mass% or more and 25 mass% or less.
- the intermediate layer coating solution containing the acidic titania sol and the organic resin according to the present invention can be prepared by dissolving the acidic titania sol and the organic resin according to the present invention in a solvent or dispersing them in the solvent.
- Examples of the solvent used in the coating solution for the intermediate layer include methylal, tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, butyl alcohol, methyl mouthsolve, and methoxypropanol. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of coatability when the intermediate layer coating solution is applied, it is preferable to use a mixture of two or more types. In the case of using methoxymethylated nylon 6 as the organic resin, a mixed solvent of methanol and butanol or ethanol is used from the viewpoint of the stability of the coating solution for the intermediate layer and the coating property when the coating solution for the intermediate layer is applied. A mixed solvent with butanol is preferred.
- the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 5. ⁇ ⁇ or less from the viewpoint of suppressing potential fluctuations and preventing hole injection into the photosensitive layer. More preferably ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 111 or more and 1.0 // m or less.
- a charge generation layer containing a charge generation material is formed on the intermediate layer.
- the charge generation layer is formed by applying a charge generation layer coating solution prepared by dissolving a charge generation substance in a solvent together with a binder resin or dispersing it in a solvent, and then drying it. can do.
- Examples of the solvent used in the charge generation layer coating solution include ethers, ketones, esters, and aromatics.
- ethers include tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane.
- ketones include cyclohexanone, 4-methoxy_4_methyl-2-pentanone, methyl ethyl ketone, and the like.
- esters include ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
- Aromatics include, for example, tonolene, xylene, monochrome benzene, and the like.
- binder resin used for the charge generation layer examples include phenol resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyester, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyamic acid, polyethylene, polystyrene, styrene-acrylic copolymer, Acrylic Tree Moonlight, Polymetatalylate, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Polybulacetal, Polyvinyl Butyral, Polybul Benzar, Polybul Formal, Polyacrylonitrile, Polyacrylamide, Acrylonitrile Monobutadiene Copolymer, Poly Examples include vinyl chloride, vinyl chloride monoacetate copolymer, cellulose, melamine resin, amylose, amylopectin, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and silicone resin.
- Benzanthrone-based azo pigments have excellent sensitivity, but are susceptible to potential fluctuations. However, by containing a benzanthrone-based azo pigment as a charge generation material in the charge generation layer formed on the intermediate layer, it is possible to suppress potential fluctuations while maintaining excellent sensitivity. Can be controlled. Therefore, benzanthrone-based azo pigments are preferable because the effects of the present invention can be used more effectively.
- the phthalocyanine pigment examples include metal-free phthalocyanine and metal phthalocyanine.
- the metal phthalocyanine may have an axial ligand.
- the lid mouth cyanine may have a substituent.
- oxytitanium phthalocyanine and gallium phthalocyanine are preferable because they have excellent sensitivity.
- Oxytitanium phthalocyanine and gallium phthalocyanine have excellent sensitivity but are susceptible to potential fluctuations.
- oxytitanium phthalocyanine or gallium phthalocyanine as a charge generation material in the charge generation layer formed on the intermediate layer, it is possible to suppress potential fluctuations while maintaining excellent sensitivity. . Therefore, it can be said that oxytitanium phthalocyanine and gallium phthalocyanine are preferable because the effects of the present invention can be used more effectively.
- gallium phthalocyanines 2 ⁇ ⁇ 0.2 ° ( ⁇ is the Bragg angle in CuKa X-ray diffraction) 7.4 ° ⁇ 0.3 ° and 28.2 ° ⁇ 0.3 ° A crystalline form of hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal with a strong peak is more preferred. While this hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal has particularly excellent sensitivity, it tends to cause potential fluctuations (especially, initial bright part potential fluctuations when an image is formed in a low-humidity environment). However, by incorporating this hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal as a charge generation material in the charge generation layer formed on the intermediate layer, it is possible to suppress potential fluctuations while maintaining particularly excellent sensitivity. . Therefore, it can be said that this hydroxygallium phthalocyanine crystal can utilize the effect of the present invention more effectively and is particularly preferable.
- X-ray diffraction measurement was performed using CuKa line under the following conditions. Measuring machine used: Mac Science, full automatic X-ray diffractometer MXP18
- Receiving slit 0.3 deg.
- a hole transport layer containing a hole transport material is formed on the charge generation layer.
- the hole transport layer may be formed by applying a hole transport layer coating solution prepared by dissolving a hole transport material in a solvent together with a binder resin on the charge generation layer and drying the coating solution. it can.
- Examples of the solvent used in the hole transport layer coating solution include ethers, ketones, esters, and aromatics.
- ethers include tetrahydrofuran and 1,4-dioxane.
- ketones include cyclohexanone, 4-methoxy-4-methyl-1-pentanone, methyl ethyl ketone, and the like.
- esters include ethyl acetate and butyl acetate.
- Examples of aromatics include toluene, xylene, and monochlorobenzene.
- binder resin used for the hole transport layer examples include phenol resin, epoxy resin, moonlight, polyurethane, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyesterolate, polyimide, polyamideimide, polyamic acid, polyethylene, polystyrene, and styrene-acrylic copolymer.
- Polymer Acrylic resin, Polymetatalylate, Polyvinyl alcohol, Polybulacetal, Polyvinyl butyra , Polyvinyl benzal, polybur formal, polyacrylonitrile, polyacrylolamide, acrylonitrile monobutadiene copolymer, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride vinyl acetate copolymer, cellulose, melamine resin, amylose, amylopectin, Examples include polysulfone, polyethersulfone, and silicone resin.
- Examples of the hole transport material include triarylamine compounds, hydrazone compounds, stilbene compounds, pyrazoline compounds, oxazole compounds, thiazole compounds, triarylmethane compounds, enamine compounds, butadiene compounds, and the like. Are listed.
- the thickness of the hole transport layer is preferably 5 m or more and 40 or less, and more preferably z m or less.
- a protective layer may be provided on the hole transport layer for the purpose of improving durability, transferability, cleaning properties, and the like.
- the protective layer can be formed by applying a protective layer coating solution prepared by dissolving a resin in a solvent on the hole transport layer and drying it.
- the resin examples include polyvinyl butyral, polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyimide, polyarylate, polyurethane, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, and the like.
- a monomer having charge transporting ability (hole transporting ability) and a polymer type charge transporting substance (hole transporting substance) are used for various crosslinking reactions.
- the protective layer may be formed by curing. Examples of the curing reaction include radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, thermal polymerization, photopolymerization, radiation polymerization (electron beam polymerization), plasma CVD method, and photo-CVD method.
- the protective layer may contain conductive particles, an ultraviolet absorber, an abrasion resistance improving agent, and the like.
- the conductive particles include metal oxide particles such as tin oxide.
- the wear resistance improver include fluorine atom-containing resin particles, alumina, silica and the like.
- the thickness of the protective layer is preferably 0.5 / zm or more and 20 / m or less, more preferably 1 111 or more and 10 /
- Examples of the application method of the coating solution for each layer include a dip coating method (datebing method), a spray coating method, a spinner coating method, a bead coating method, a blade coating method, and a beam coating method.
- the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention comprises the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, a charging means for charging the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and exposing exposure light to the charged surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- Exposure means for forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, and developing the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with a toner to develop the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an electrophotographic apparatus provided with a process cartridge having the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a drum-shaped electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, which is driven to rotate about a shaft 2 in the direction of an arrow at a predetermined cycle time (one rotation time).
- the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is charged to a predetermined positive or negative potential by the charging means 3.
- exposure light 4 output from exposure means (not shown) such as slit exposure or laser one-beam scanning exposure is received.
- the exposure light 4 is intensity-modulated corresponding to the time-series electric digital image signal of the target image information.
- an electrostatic latent image corresponding to the target image information is formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1.
- the electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is developed (regular development or reversal development) with a toner housed in the developing means 5 to form a toner image.
- the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 is transferred to a transfer material (paper or the like) 7 by the transfer means 6.
- a transfer material 7 paper, for example, it is taken out from a sheet feeding unit (not shown) between the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and the transfer means 6 in synchronization with the rotation of the electrophotographic photoreceptor 1 and fed. this At this time, a voltage having a polarity opposite to the charge held by the toner is applied to the transfer means 6 from a power source (not shown).
- the transfer material 7 onto which the toner image has been transferred is separated from the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and conveyed to the fixing means 8 where the toner image is fixed and processed as an image formation (print, copy). Out of the electrophotographic device (printed out).
- Deposits such as toner (transfer residual toner) remaining on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 after the toner image is transferred to the transfer material 7 are removed by the cleaning means 9, and the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is cleaned. Faced.
- the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is subjected to charge removal treatment with pre-exposure light 10 from pre-exposure means (not shown), and then repeatedly used for image formation.
- pre-exposure light 10 from pre-exposure means (not shown)
- pre-exposure means not shown
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 and at least one means selected from the group consisting of the charging means 3, the developing means 5 and the cleaning means 9 are integrally supported, and
- the guide cartridge 12 (rail or the like) can be used to make the process cartridge 11 detachable.
- the exposure light 4 may be reflected light or transmitted light from a document. Alternatively, it may be light emitted by reading a document with a sensor, converting it into a signal, scanning a laser beam performed according to this signal, driving an LED array, or driving a liquid crystal shirt array.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can maintain a very small potential fluctuation during image formation, laser light having an oscillation wavelength of 380 to 450 nm can be preferably used as exposure light.
- laser light having an oscillation wavelength of 380 to 450 nm can be preferably used as exposure light.
- an exposure means using such a short wavelength laser together with the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention, a high-resolution image can be stably formed over a long period of time.
- the faster the process speed of the electrophotographic process and the smaller the diameter of the electrophotographic photosensitive member the shorter the cycle time (rotation time of one rotation) of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. There is a tendency for the potential fluctuation of the to increase.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member of the present invention can suppress the potential fluctuation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member even in such a case.
- an electrophotographic apparatus having a cycle time of 0.4 second / rotation or less is a particularly severe condition against potential fluctuation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member. According to the present invention, such an electrophotographic apparatus is used. Even so, the potential fluctuation of the electrophotographic photosensitive member can be sufficiently suppressed.
- the electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention can be used not only for copying machines and laser beam printers but also for a wide range of electrophotographic applications such as CRT printers, LED printers, FAX machines, liquid crystal printers, and laser plate making. is there.
- % and part mean “% by mass” and “part by mass”, respectively.
- the film thickness of each layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was determined in terms of specific gravity from an eddy current film thickness meter (Fischerscope, manufactured by Fischer Instrument Co.) or mass per unit area.
- Titanium oxide particles coated with tin oxide (trade name: Kronos ECT—62, manufactured by Titanium Industry Co., Ltd.) 50 parts, resol type phenol resin (trade name: Pryofen J—325, Dainippon Ink and Chemicals ), Resin solid content 60%) 41. 7 parts, 1-methoxy-2-propanol 20 parts, silicone resin particles (trade name: Tospearl 120, manufactured by Toshiba Silicone) 3.
- the conductive layer (interference fringe prevention layer) coating solution is dip-coated on the aluminum cylinder and dried at 140 ° C for 30 minutes, so that the conductive layer (interference fringe prevention layer) has a thickness of 15 ⁇ m. Formed.
- the sand mill apparatus of the following conditions was used for preparation of the coating liquid for conductive layers (interference fringe prevention layer), and preparation of the coating liquid for intermediate
- Cooling water temperature 18 ° C
- N-methoxymethylated nylon 6 (trade name: Toresin EF-30T, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation, methoxymethylation rate: 36.8%) 25 parts were dissolved in 225 parts of ⁇ -butanol (50 ° C Heat-dissolving in). After dissolution, the mixture was cooled and filtered through a membrane filter (trade name: FP-022, pore size: 0.22 Atm, manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.).
- acidic titania sol (acid sol) containing anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles with an average primary particle diameter of 6 nm in the filtrate (trade name: TK S-201, hydrochloric acid acidic sol, titanium oxide content: 33% by mass, Tika ( 2. Made 4 parts, placed in a sand mill apparatus using 500 parts of glass beads having an average diameter of 0.8 mm, and dispersed at 1500 rpm for 2 hours.
- the intermediate layer coating solution was dip-coated on the conductive layer (interference fringe prevention layer) and dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form an intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.45 ⁇ m.
- the charge generation layer coating solution was dip-coated on the intermediate layer and dried at 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to form a charge generation layer having a thickness of 0.17 z / m.
- CTM-1 hole transport material
- a coating solution for a hole transport layer was prepared by dissolving 10 parts of polycarbonate (trade name: Iupilon Z_400, manufactured by Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics Co., Ltd.) in 70 parts of monochlorobenzene.
- a protective layer coating solution prepared by the procedure shown below was applied onto the hole transport layer to form a protective layer, thereby preparing an electrophotographic photoreceptor 1.
- the protective layer coating solution is applied onto the hole transport layer by dip coating, dried by touch, and then irradiated with an electron beam in a nitrogen atmosphere under conditions of an acceleration voltage of 60 kV and a dose of 0.8 Mrad. Heat treatment was performed for 1 minute under the condition that the temperature force S of the irradiated object was 150 ° C. At this time, the oxygen concentration in the nitrogen atmosphere was 20 ppm. In addition, a heat treatment was performed in the atmosphere at 120 ° C for 1 hour to form a protective layer with a thickness of 5 ⁇ m.
- the produced electrophotographic photosensitive member 1 is converted to a Canon Co., Ltd. copier GP-40 (trade name) remodeling machine (a 778-nm semiconductor laser with a variable light source and variable pre-exposure light intensity). A red LED was mounted on a motor with a variable process speed), and the potential characteristics when repeatedly used were evaluated.
- a Canon Co., Ltd. copier GP-40 (trade name) remodeling machine a 778-nm semiconductor laser with a variable light source and variable pre-exposure light intensity.
- a red LED was mounted on a motor with a variable process speed), and the potential characteristics when repeatedly used were evaluated.
- the potential of the electrophotographic photosensitive member was measured by removing the developing unit from the copying machine main body and fixing a potential measuring probe at the developing position instead.
- the transfer unit was not in contact with the electrophotographic photosensitive member and was not paper-passed.
- the dark part potential (Vd) is -700V and the light part potential in the same environment.
- the charging conditions and the amount of light for exposure (image exposure) were set so that (VI) was 1200 V.
- the amount of pre-exposure was 3 times the amount of LED light that attenuates the surface potential of 1700V to 1200V.
- the process speed was adjusted to SSOmmZsec (the cycle speed was 0.29 seconds Z rotation).
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results.
- Example 1 except that the intermediate layer coating solution was prepared as follows, an electrophotographic photoreceptor C1 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- N-methoxymethylated nylon 6 (trade name: Toresin EF-30T, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corp., methoxymethylation rate: 36.8%) 3 parts, 65 parts of methanol and ⁇ -butano-inore 32.5 In a mixed solvent (heat dissolution at 65 ° C). After dissolution, the mixture was cooled and filtered through a membrane filter (trade name: FP-022, pore size: 0.22 / m, manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.) to prepare an intermediate layer coating solution.
- a membrane filter trade name: FP-022, pore size: 0.22 / m, manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.
- Example 1 an electrophotographic photosensitive member 2 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the intermediate layer coating solution was prepared as follows, and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the filtrate then contains an acidic titania sol (acid sol) containing anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles with an average primary particle size of 6 nm (trade name: TKS-201, hydrochloric acid sol, titanium oxide content: 33% by mass, Tika Corporation 2.4) and 15 parts of untreated surface rutile-type titanium oxide crystal particles (trade name: MT-150A, manufactured by Tika Corporation) with an average primary particle diameter of 15 nm and an average diameter of 0.8 mm was placed in a sand mill using 500 parts of glass beads and dispersed at 1500 rpm for 7 hours.
- an acidic titania sol acid sol
- anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles with an average primary particle size of 6 nm trade name: TKS-201, hydrochloric acid sol, titanium oxide content: 33% by mass, Tika Corporation 2.4
- MT-150A untreated surface rutile-type titanium oxide crystal particles
- an intermediate layer coating solution was prepared.
- the content of anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 9 nm or less contained in the acidic titania sol in the intermediate layer coating solution is 1. It was 9% by mass.
- Example 2 an electrophotographic photosensitive member C2 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that acidic titania sol (trade name: TKS-201) was not added to the intermediate layer coating solution. Evaluated in the same manner.
- Example 2 titanium oxide particles (trade name: MT-150 A) used for the intermediate layer coating solution were anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 15 nm (trade name: TKP-102, An electrophotographic photosensitive member 3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the product was changed to Tika Co., Ltd., and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 4 In Example 1, the amount of the acidic titania sol (trade name: TKS-20 1) used for the intermediate layer coating solution was changed from 2.4 parts to 12 parts. Body 4 was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the content of anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 9 nm or less contained in the acidic titania sol in the intermediate layer coating solution is 13. It was 7% by mass.
- Example 1 the amount of acidic titania sol (trade name: TKS-20 1) used in the intermediate layer coating solution was changed from 2.4 parts to 4.8 parts. Photoconductor 5 was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the content of anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle size of 3 nm or more and 9 nm or less contained in the acidic titania sol in the intermediate layer coating solution is 6. It was 0 mass%.
- Example 1 acidic titania sol (acid sol) containing anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 6 nm was used as the acidic titania sol (trade name: TKS-20 1) used in the intermediate layer coating solution Name: TKS-202, Nitric acid sol, Titanium oxide content: 33% by mass, manufactured by Tika Co., Ltd.) Evaluation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 the drying after the dip coating of the intermediate layer coating solution was changed to the drying power at 100 ° C for 10 minutes and the drying at 145 ° C for 10 minutes.
- a photoconductor 7 was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 except that the intermediate layer coating solution was prepared as follows, an electrophotographic photosensitive member 8 was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. • Preparation of coating solution for intermediate layer
- N-methoxymethylated nylon 6 (trade name: Toresin EF-30T, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corp., methoxymethylation rate: 36.8%) 20 parts were dissolved in 180 parts of ⁇ -butanol (65 ° C Heat and dissolve in). After dissolution, the mixture was cooled and filtered through a membrane filter (trade name: FP-022, pore size: 0.22 ⁇ , manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd.). Next, the filtrate was stored in a sealed container at room temperature for 5 days to obtain a gelled polyamide resin solution.
- a membrane filter trade name: FP-022, pore size: 0.22 ⁇
- Acid titania sol (acid sol) containing anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles with an average primary particle size of 6 nm in the above polyamide resin solution (trade name: TKS_201, manufactured by Tika Corporation) 1.7 parts, average primary particle size 15 nm untreated surface-treated rutile-type titanium oxide crystal particles (trade name: MT-150A, manufactured by Tika Co., Ltd.) 10.1 parts, 5.3 parts of the above example compound (2-1), and 30 parts of ethanol The sample was placed in a sand mill using 506 parts of glass beads having an average diameter of 0.8 mm and dispersed at 1500 rpm for 7 hours.
- a coating solution for the intermediate layer was prepared.
- Example 8 an electrophotographic photosensitive member C3 was produced in the same manner as in Example 8 except that acidic titania sol (trade name: TKS-201) was not carved in the intermediate layer coating solution. Evaluated in the same manner.
- acidic titania sol trade name: TKS-201
- Example 8 the same procedure as in Example 8 was performed except that acid titania kale (trade name: TKS-201) and titanium oxide particles (trade name: MT-150A) were added to the intermediate layer coating solution.
- An electrophotographic photoreceptor C4 was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. (Example 9)
- Example 8 the amount of the acidic titania sol (trade name: TKS-20 1) used in the intermediate layer coating solution was changed from 1.7 parts to 1.2 parts. Photoconductor 9 was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the content of anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 3 nm or more and 9 nm or less contained in the acidic titania sol in the intermediate layer coating solution is 1. It was 1% by mass.
- Example 8 Sani ⁇ titanium particles used in the intermediate layer coating liquid (trade name: MT-150 A) Average primary particle diameter 35 nm of the surface untreated rutile titanium oxide crystal particles (trade name: MT).
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member 10 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that it was changed to -500B (manufactured by Tika Corporation) and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 8 the titanium oxide particles (trade name: MT-150 A) used in the intermediate layer coating solution were treated with untreated surface-treated rutile titanium oxide crystal particles (trade name: MT-600B, An electrophotographic photoreceptor 11 was produced in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the product was changed to Tika Co., Ltd., and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 8 an acidic titania sol (acid sol) containing anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 6 nm was used as the acidic titania sol (trade name: TKS-20 1) used in the coating solution for the intermediate layer.
- TKS-202 Acidic acid sol, Titanium oxide content: 33% by mass, manufactured by Tika Co., Ltd.
- Example 8 the titanium oxide particles (trade name: MT-150 A) used in the intermediate layer coating solution were treated with untreated anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles (commercial product) with an average primary particle diameter of 15 nm.
- the electrophotographic photosensitive member 13 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8 except that the name was changed to TKP-102 (manufactured by Tika Corporation), and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 8 except that the film thickness of the intermediate layer was changed from 0.45 111 to 0.65 m, an electrophotographic photosensitive member 14 was prepared in the same manner as in Example 8, and the same as in Example 1. And evaluated.
- Example 1 acidic titania sol (trade name: TKS-20 1) used in the intermediate layer coating solution 2.
- Acid titania sol (acid sol containing 4 parts of anatase oxytitanium crystal particles having an average primary particle size of 7 nm) (Product name: STS-01, Nitric acid acidic sol, Titanium oxide content: 30% by mass, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.) 2.
- Electrophotography in the same manner as in Example 1 except for changing to 7 parts. Photoconductor 15 was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 the acidic titania sol used in the intermediate layer coating solution (trade name: TKS-20 1) 2. 4 parts of acidic titania sol (acid sol containing anatase-type titanium oxide crystal particles having an average primary particle diameter of 7 nm) (Product name: STS-02, Hydrochloric acid acidic sol, Titanium oxide content: 30% by mass, manufactured by Ishihara Sangyo Co., Ltd.) 2. Electrophotography in the same manner as in Example 1 except for changing to 7 parts. Photoconductor 16 was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Acid titania sol (trade name: TKS-20 1) used in the intermediate layer coating solution in Example 1.
- a true photoreceptor 17 was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. table 1
- the results of favorable potential fluctuations were obtained. Is not obtained.
- the potential fluctuation cannot be sufficiently suppressed only by adding the titanium oxide particles having a small particle diameter to the intermediate layer. That is, in order to suppress a short-term potential fluctuation and a long-term potential fluctuation that become noticeable when an image is formed in a low-humidity environment, the intermediate layer is a layer formed using the acidic titania azo nore according to the present invention. There is a need.
- Example 2 when the intermediate layer contains both the acidic titania sol according to the present invention and untreated titanium oxide particles having an average primary particle size of 13 nm or more and 60 nm or less, the result of potential fluctuation is more It turns out that it becomes favorable.
- Example 8 From the results of Example 8, it can be seen that when an azo pigment is contained in the intermediate layer, the result of potential fluctuation is further improved.
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Abstract
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KR1020107014117A KR101243483B1 (ko) | 2007-12-04 | 2008-12-01 | 전자 사진 감광체, 전자 사진 감광체의 제조 방법, 프로세스 카트리지 및 전자 사진 장치 |
CN200880118095XA CN101878453B (zh) | 2007-12-04 | 2008-12-01 | 电子照相感光构件、生产电子照相感光构件的方法、处理盒和电子照相设备 |
EP08855944.8A EP2221671B1 (en) | 2007-12-04 | 2008-12-01 | Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process for producing electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
JP2009513492A JP4380794B2 (ja) | 2007-12-04 | 2008-12-01 | 電子写真感光体、電子写真感光体の製造方法、プロセスカートリッジおよび電子写真装置 |
US12/430,422 US7910274B2 (en) | 2007-12-04 | 2009-04-27 | Electrophotographic photosensitive member, method of producing electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPWO2009072637A1 (ja) | 2011-04-28 |
CN101878453B (zh) | 2012-06-27 |
JP4380794B2 (ja) | 2009-12-09 |
EP2221671A1 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
US7910274B2 (en) | 2011-03-22 |
CN101878453A (zh) | 2010-11-03 |
KR101243483B1 (ko) | 2013-03-13 |
EP2221671A4 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
US20090208247A1 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
KR20100087763A (ko) | 2010-08-05 |
EP2221671B1 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
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