TWI411437B - 4-嘧啶磺醯胺衍生物 - Google Patents
4-嘧啶磺醯胺衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI411437B TWI411437B TW097131323A TW97131323A TWI411437B TW I411437 B TWI411437 B TW I411437B TW 097131323 A TW097131323 A TW 097131323A TW 97131323 A TW97131323 A TW 97131323A TW I411437 B TWI411437 B TW I411437B
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Description
本發明係關於{5-(4-溴-苯基)-6-[2-(5-溴-嘧啶-2-基氧基)-乙氧基]-嘧啶-4-基}-磺醯胺及其鹽,一種製備該化合物之方法及其在醫藥中之用途。
{5-(4-溴-苯基)-6-[2-(5-溴-嘧啶-2-基氧基)-乙氧基]-嘧啶-4-基}-磺醯胺具有通式I
通式I化合物為一種内皮素受體抑制劑且適用為内皮素受體拮抗劑。通式I化合物為先前在WO 02/053557中揭示的結構族中新成員。
申請者現在吃驚的發現通式I化合物當與WO 02/053557中揭示的結構相近的化合物相比時,具有改良的性質。特定言之,式I化合物雖然表現内皮素受體拮抗劑活性,但相對於相應的烷基化衍生物,在活體内表現更長半衰期及較低清除率。此使得式I化合物特別適於長效性醫藥組合物。
因其有能力抑制内皮素結合,因此式I化合物可用於治療與因内皮素提高血管收縮、增生或發炎相關之疾病。此等疾病實例為高血壓、肺高血壓、冠心病、心功能不全、腎及心肌缺血、腎衰竭、大腦局部缺血、癡呆、偏頭痛、蛛網膜下出血、雷諾氏綜合症(Raynaud's syndrome)、指頭潰瘍及門靜脈高血壓。其亦可用於治療或預防動脈粥樣硬化、氣囊或支架血管成形術後再狹窄、發炎、胃及十二指腸潰瘍、癌、黑素瘤、前列腺癌、前列腺肥大、勃起障礙、聽力損失、黑内障(amaurosis)、慢性支氣管炎、哮喘、肺纖維化、革蘭氏陰性敗血病、休克、鐮刀形紅細胞貧血病、血管球性腎炎、腎絞痛、青光眼、結締組織疾病,治療及預防糖尿病併發症、脈管或心臟手術或器官移植後之併發症、環孢菌素治療併發症、疼痛、高血脂及其他疾病,目前已知與内皮素相關。
式I化合物及其醫藥上可接受的鹽因此可作為醫藥品,例如用於腸内或腸道外投藥的醫藥組合物形式。
術語"醫藥上可接受的鹽"指無毒性、無機或有機酸及/或鹼加成鹽。參考"Salt selection for basic drugs",Int. J. Pharm
.(1986),33
,201-217。
本發明因此首先關於式I化合物或其鹽(特定言之,醫藥上可接受的鹽)。
本發明亦係關於作為醫藥品的式I化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽。
本發明進一步係關於一種醫藥組合物,其包含作為有效成分的式I化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽,及至少一種治療上無活性的賦形劑。
此外,式I化合物及其醫藥上可接受的鹽可用於製備醫藥品,及適於治療高血壓、肺動脈高血壓(尤其肺高動脈壓)、冠心病、心功能不全、腎及心肌缺血、腎衰竭、大腦局部缺血、癡呆、偏頭痛、蛛網膜下出血、雷諾氏綜合症、指頭潰瘍或門靜脈高血壓及用於治療或預防動脈粥樣硬化、氣囊或支架血管成形術後再狹窄、發炎、胃及十二指腸潰瘍、癌、黑素瘤、前列腺癌、前列腺肥大、勃起障礙、聽力損失、黑内障、慢性支氣管炎、哮喘、肺纖維化、革蘭氏陰性敗血病、休克、鐮刀形紅細胞貧血病、血管球性腎炎、腎絞痛、青光眼、結締組織疾病、糖尿病併發症、脈管或心臟手術或器官移植後之併發症、環孢菌素治療併發症、疼痛、高血脂。
更特定言之,式I化合物及其醫藥上可接受的鹽可用於製備醫藥品,且適於治療選自由高血壓、肺高血壓(包括肺動脈高血壓)、糖尿病性動脈病變、心力衰竭、勃起障礙及心絞痛組成之群的疾病。
根據本發明特別佳變化,式I化合物及其醫藥上可接受的鹽可用於製備醫藥品,且適於治療高血壓(尤其高動脈壓)。
根據本發明另一項特別佳變化,式I化合物及其醫藥上可接受的鹽可用於製備醫藥品,且適於治療肺高血壓(尤其肺高動脈壓)。
式I化合物可如WO 02/053557中描述或申請書中以下部分描述(尤其實例)製造。
醫藥組合物製法可依習此相關技藝之人士熟悉的方式進行(參考例如Remington,The Science and Practice of Pharmacy
,21st Edition (2005),Part 5,"Pharmaceutical Manufacturing"[published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]),將所述式I化合物或其醫藥上可接受的鹽(視需要與其他具治療價值的物質結合)與適宜的無毒性、無活性且治療上可相容的固體或液態載體(如需要,可使用常用的醫藥佐葯)一起形成蓋倫劑型。
式I化合物可根據本發明利用以下所述步驟製造。
本申請書及實例全文均採用以下縮寫:
Ac 乙醯基
aq. 水性
br. 寬
Boc 第三丁氧基羰基
t-Bu 第三丁基
DAD 二極管陣列監測器
DBU 1,8-重氮雙環(5.4.0)十一碳-7-烯
DCM 二氯甲烷
DMAP 4-二甲胺基吡啶
DME 1,2-二甲氧基乙烷
DMF N,N-二甲基甲醯胺
DMSO 二甲亞碸
EA 乙酸乙酯
ET 内皮素
ether 乙醚
Hex 己烷
HV 高真空條件
LC 液相層析法
MeOH 甲醇
MS 質譜分析
NMR 核磁共振
org. 有機
rt 室溫
TEA 三乙胺
THF 四氫呋喃
TLC 薄層層析
tR
滯留時間
式I化合物可根據下文所示一般反應順序,採用實例所示方法或類似方法製造。最佳反應條件隨使用的特定反應物或溶劑而變,但此反應條件可由習此相關技藝之人士者按照常規最佳步驟決定。僅敍述一些產生式I化合物的合成可能性。
因此得到的式I化合物(如需要)可經標準方法轉化為其鹽,且尤指其醫藥上可接受的鹽。
式I化合物可由式I-1化合物裂解保護基團PG後得到
其中PG代表適宜的保護基團。適宜的保護基團PG為例如苯甲基,其可經例如BCl3
或BBr3
裂解(例如在如氯仿的溶劑中),或4-甲氧基-或2,4-二甲氧基苯甲基,其可經例如硝酸鈰銨(例如在如乙腈與水的混合物之溶劑中)或2,3-二氯-5,6-二氰-苯醌(例如在如DCM、1,2-二氯乙烷、丙酮或甲苯的溶劑中,在水存在或不存在下)氧化裂解。
由式I-2化合物與式I-3化合物反應,可製備式I-1化合物
其中G1
代表活性基團,如氯或溴原子,或甲磺醯基或乙磺醯基,其係在強鹼存在下(例如LiH、NaH、CaH2
等),於溶劑中(例如THF、DMF、二噁烷等或其混合物)中進行。有幾種式I-3化合物可自商品購得,其他可由習此相關技藝之人士應用標準方法製備。
式I-2化合物製法可由式I-4化合物
其中G2
代表活性基團,例如鹵原子,較佳氯,與乙二醇在鹼存在下(例如第三丁醇鉀、NaH、LiH等),在另一種溶劑(例如1,2-乙二醇二甲醚、THF、二噁烷等)存在或不存在下,尤其在1,2-乙二醇二甲醚存在下,較佳在高溫下(例如50至100℃之間,尤其在80至100℃之間)進行反應。
由式I-5化合物與式I-6化合物反應可製備式I-4化合物,
其係在鹼存在下進行,例如第三丁醇鉀、TEA、乙基-二異丙基胺等,或較佳係與式I-6化合物之鹽(鉀鹽較佳)反應,其係在溶劑中(例如DMSO、DMF、THF等或其混合物),在另一種鹼存在或不存在下,於溫度20至80℃之間,較佳在20至40℃之間進行。
可例如:以POCl3
、PCl3
、PCl5
或其混合物、或POBr3
處理式I-7化合物,製備式I-5化合物
其係在氯化四乙銨、三乙胺、或二甲基-或二乙基苯胺存在或不存在下,及在另一種溶劑存在或不存在下,例如氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、二甲苯、或乙腈,在高溫下(例如60至120℃之間)進行。
可由式I-8化合物與甲脒或其鹽反應,製備式I-7化合物
其中R代表烷基,較佳係甲基或乙基,其係類似文獻中步驟進行(例如A. Gomtsyan等人,J. Med. Chem.(2002),45,
3639-3648;W. Neidhart等人,Chimia(1996),50,
519-524)。
類似文獻之步驟,由自商品購得的4-溴苯基乙酸製備式I-8之2-(4-溴-苯基)-丙二酸酯(例如J. Lee,J.-H. Lee,S. Y. Kim,N. A. Perry,N. E. Lewin,J. A. Ayres,P. M. Blumberg,Bioorg. Med. Chem.
14(2006),2022-2031)。
可類似文獻方法的三步驟法,由氯磺醯異氰酸酯製備式I-6磺醯胺(e.g. G. Dewynter et al.,Tetrahedron
(1993),49,
65-76;S. Ghassemi,K. Fuchs,Molecular Diversity
(2005),9,295-299;J.-Y. Winum etal.,Organic Letters
(2001),3
,2241-2243)。在第一步中,由氯磺醯異氰酸酯與第三丁醇反應,在第二步中,與適當胺PG-NH2
反應生成式I-6化合物的經Boc保護的中間物。在第三步中,在酸性條件下裂解Boc-基團,得到式I-6化合物。或者,式I-6化合物可以類似文獻中所示步驟(例如:R. E. Olson,et al.,J.Med. Chem.
(1999),42,
1178-1192,and literature cited therein),藉由將適當之式I-9胺磺醯基氯中間物與氨反應而得到
本發明因此係關於一種製造上述式I化合物之方法,該方法包含以下步驟:
a)由式I-2B
化合物與式I-3化合物反應
其中G1
代表氯或溴原子或甲磺醯基或乙磺醯基(尤其氯原子),其係在強鹼存在下進行,及
b)利用BCl3
或BBr3
去除步驟a)中得到的式I-1B
化合物之苯甲基
上述方法中步驟a)較佳係在選自由THF、DMF及二噁烷之溶劑中或選自由THF、DMF及二噁烷組成之群之溶劑混合物(例如THF與DMF反應物)組成之群之溶劑混合物中進行。上述方法步驟a)中強鹼較佳選自由LiH、NaH及CaH2
組成之群。對於步驟a),該反應較佳在溫度20℃至溶劑沸點間進行,尤其在溫度20℃至70℃之間。
上述方法步驟b)較佳在選自由氯仿及DCM組成之群之溶劑中、或氯仿及DCM混合物中(例如氯仿),較佳在溫度20℃至40℃之間,尤其在溫度20℃至30℃之間進行。
根據上述方法之較佳變化,式I-2B
化合物將由"一般製備方法"部分中,基於該同一部分中所述的另一步驟所定義之式I-4化合物(PG為苯甲基)製備。根據該變化項,式I-4化合物本身可由式I-5化合物及式I-6化合物製備(其中PG為苯甲基),此二者均如"一般製備方法"部分中基於同一部分中所述的另一步驟所定義(PG為苯甲基)(該式I-5化合物及式I-6化合物可由"一般製備方法"部分中所述的另一步驟製備)。
上述方法亦用於製備式I化合物之鹽(特定言之,醫藥上可接受的鹽)。在此情況下,該方法包括轉化步驟b中得到的式I化合物為其鹽(特定言之,其醫藥上可接受的鹽)之額外步驟。
本發明之特定實施例在以下實例中描述,其更詳細闡述本發明且未限制其範圍。
以下實例根據下述步驟製備。所有化合物特徵經1
H-NMR(300MHz)及偶爾採用13
C-NMR(75MHz)(Varian Oxford,300MHz判別;化學位移係相對於所用溶劑,以ppm表示;多峰性:s=單峰,d=雙峰,t=三峰,m=多峰),LC-MS(Finnigan Navigator with HP 1100二元幫浦與DAD,管柱:4.6×50mm,Develosil RP Aqueous,5μm,120A,梯度:5-95%乙腈之水溶液,1min,含0.04%三氟乙酸,流量:4.5ml/min),tR
為分鐘;TLC(TLC-板來自Merck,矽膠60 F254
)及偶爾採用熔點定性。
氯磺醯異氰酸酯(14.14g)溶於DCM(50mL)中及冷卻至0℃。在30分鐘内添加第三丁醇(9.6mL)的DCM(50mL)溶液。在室溫下再攪拌30分鐘。然後,因此將得到的溶液在一小時内加入苯甲基胺(10.7g)及TEA(15.32mL)的DCM(200mL)溶液中。續在室溫下攪拌10小時。混合物在真空下濃縮,溶於EA(500mL)及經水(2×40mL)與鹽水(30mL)沖洗,於MgSO4
上乾燥,過濾。濾液真空濃縮及粗產物從EA中結晶及在HV下乾燥得到N-苯甲基-N'-第三-丁氧羰基磺醯胺(13.68g)。1
H NMR(CDCl3
):δ 1.46(s,9H);4.25(s,2H);5.42(s br.,1H);7.30-7.40(m,5H)。
LC-MS:tR
=0.90min,[M+H]+
=287.09。
該物質溶於二噁烷(20ml)及在室溫下於1小時内加入4MHCl之二噁烷溶液(120mL)。先攪拌混合物8小時後才蒸發溶劑,殘質在HV下乾燥,得到灰白色粉末之苯甲基磺醯胺(9.47g)。
1
H NMR(D6
-DMSO):δ 4.05(d,J=6.4Hz,2H);6.60(s,2H);7.04(s,J=6.4Hz,1H);7.20-7.36(m,5H)。
LC-MS:tR
=0.60min,[M+H+CH3
CN]+
=228.17。
將第三丁醇鉀(10.8g)小心加入苯甲基磺醯胺(17.98g)的MeOH(300mL)溶液。蒸發溶劑前,混合物在室溫下攪拌15分鐘。在HV下乾燥殘留的殘質,得到灰白色粉末之苯甲基磺醯胺鉀鹽(21.73g)。
滴加亞硫醯氯(34.2mL)於4-溴苯基乙酸(50g)的甲醇(250ml)溶液中,其中反應混合物溫度保持在0-5℃。完全加入後,停止冷卻,及使混合物回至室溫。真空去除溶劑前,先連續攪拌75分鐘。黃色油溶於苯中及再濃縮。殘質溶於EA,經水、鹽水、2 N Na2
CO3
、及再一次經鹽水沖洗。有機提取物於MgSO4
上乾燥、過濾、濃縮及在HV、於85℃下乾燥30分鐘,得到所需產物黃色油狀物(52.4g)。
1
H-NMR(D6
-DMSO):δ 3.60(s,3H);3.67(s,2H);7.22(d,8.5,2H);7.50(d,J=8.5Hz,2H)。
40℃下,將中間物B.i(52g)的THF(100mL)溶液在40分鐘内小心加入NaH(15.6g)的無水THF(450mL)懸浮液中。在無加熱下連續攪拌70分鐘及溫度降至27℃。待氣體停止釋出後,滴加碳酸二甲酯(76.42mL),同時混合物溫度保持在29-31℃之間。在室溫下持續攪拌22小時。混合物冷卻至-10℃,然後經HCl水溶液調節至pH 6-7後,在真空下去除大量THF。殘質溶於EA(700mL),經1 N HCl水溶液沖洗3次及經鹽水沖洗一次,於MgSO4
上乾燥。蒸發大部分EA後,加入Hex。使產物在4℃下隔夜而析出結晶。收集晶體、經Hex沖洗及乾燥得到所需產物淺黃色晶體(45.9g)。
1
H-NMR(D6
-DMSO):δ 3.66(s,6H);5.07(s,1H);7.30-7.34(m,2H);7.55-7.59(m,2H)。
0℃下,在中間物(11.73g)的MeOH(100mL)溶液中加至鈉(2.83g)的甲醇(100mL)溶液中。混合物於室溫下攪拌18小時後,加入甲脒鹽酸鹽(4.10g)。懸浮液在室溫下攪拌4小時。去除溶劑及殘質懸浮於10%檸檬酸水溶液(100mL)中及攪拌10分鐘。收集白色沉澱,經10%檸檬酸水溶液、水沖洗,從環己烷中蒸發三次及在HV、於40℃下乾燥得到5-(4-溴苯基)-嘧啶-4,6-二醇淺米色粉末(9.90g)。
1
H-NMR(D6
-DMSO):δ 7.43-7.48(m,2H),7.50-7.55(m,2H),8.13(s,1H),12.1(sbr.,2H)。
LC-MS:tR
=0.62min,[M+H]+
=266.89/268.89(溴-同位素)。
將N,N
-二甲基苯胺(13.5mL)小心加入5-(4-溴苯基)-嘧啶-4,6-二醇(9.90g)的POCl3
(130mL)懸浮液中。加熱混合物至130℃2小時。真空濃縮深褐色溶液,殘質注入冰/水中。懸浮液經2N
HCl及水稀釋,攪拌20分鐘。收集形成的沉澱及經水沖洗。固體物質溶於EA,經1N
HCL水溶液及鹽水沖洗。有機相於MgSO4
上乾燥及蒸發。物質進一步經矽膠管柱層析法純化,經Hex:EA 95:5至1:1溶離,然後在-20℃下,從Hex/EA中結晶,得到4,6-二氯-5-(4-溴苯基)-嘧啶淺黃色晶體(8.3g)。
1
H-NMR(D6
-DMSO):δ 7.39-7.44(m,2H),7.72-7.76(m,2H),8.94(s,1H)。
LC-MS:tR
=1.02min。
取5-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二氯-嘧啶(4.00g,13.2mmol)與苯甲基磺醯胺鉀鹽(7.38g,32.9mmol)的DMSO(30mL)溶液在室溫下攪拌24小時後,經10%檸檬酸水溶液(200mL)稀釋。形成的懸浮液過濾。收集的固體經水沖洗及在HV、於40℃下乾燥48小時,得到所需產物白色粉末(6.15g)。
1
H NMR(CDCl3
):δ 4.23(d,J=5.9Hz,2H);5.94(t br.,J=6Hz,1H);7.05(d,J=8.2Hz,2H);7.20-7.35(m,5H);7.68(d,J=8.2Hz,2H);8.61(s,1H)。
LC-MS:tR
=1.02min,[M+H]+
=452.95。
第三丁醇鉀(18.5g,164.5mmol)分批加入中間物1.i(7.46g,16.4mmol)的乙二醇(50mL)懸浮液中。混合物變熱及濃稠,並經DME(75mL)稀釋。在95℃下攪拌24小時後,混合物冷卻至室溫,經水(50mL)及10%檸檬酸水溶液(250mL)稀釋前。乳狀懸浮液經EA(2×300mL)提取。合併的有機提取物於MgSO4
上乾燥、經過濾及濃縮濾液。殘留的結晶固體懸浮於MeOH中,經收集,經MeOH沖洗及於HV下乾燥得到所需產物白色結晶粉末(6.49g)。
1
H NMR(CDCl3
):δ 2.50(t br.,J=6Hz,1H);3.80-3.88(m,2H);4.20(d,J=5.9Hz,2H);4.46-4.50(m,2H);5.99(t br.,J=6.4Hz,1H);6.85(s br.,1H);7.12(d,J=8.2Hz,2H);7.23-7.34(m,5H);7.64(d,J=8.2Hz,2H);8.44(s,1H)。LC-MS:tR
=0.93min,[M+H]+
=479.08。
將NaH(1.77g,40.6mmol,55%礦物油分散液)小心加入中間物1.ii(6.49g,13.5mmol)的THF(120mL)溶液中。混合物攪拌10分鐘後,加入2-氯-5-溴-嘧啶(3.93g,20.3mmol)。混合物經DMF(15mL)稀釋,然後在室溫下攪拌20分鐘。加熱混合物至60℃且攪拌3小時後,再一次冷卻至室溫。反應經水及10%檸檬酸水溶液(250mL)中止,混合物經EA提取(2×300mL)。有機提取物經水沖洗。合併,於MgSO4
上乾燥,經過濾及蒸發濾液溶劑。粗產物從MeOH/醚中結晶。收集結晶物,經另一份MeOH/醚沖洗及於HV下乾燥得到所需產物白色粉末(6.47g)。
1
H NMR(CDCl3
):δ4.20(d,J=6.4Hz,2H);4.59-4.64(m,2H);4.69-4.74(m,2H);5.98(tbr.,J=6.4Hz,1H);6.83(sbr.,1H);7.06-7.10(m,2H);7.24-7.34(m,5H);7.54-7.58(m,2H);8.44(s,1H);8.50(s,2H)。
LC-MS:tR
=1.06min,[M+H]+
=634.98。
將三溴化硼(25.5mL,1 M DCM)緩慢加入中間物1.iii(6.50g,10.2mmol)的氯仿(250mL)溶液中。混合物變渾濁及分離油渣。在室溫下攪拌混合物。在6、24及33小時後,加入另一部分BBr3
溶液(5mL)。在最後一次加入BBr3
後,再激烈攪拌該米色懸浮液2小時然後小心添加MeOH中止反應。混合物變得略溫熱及澄清。溶液經冷水(0℃,2×150mL)沖洗。沖洗液經DCM再提取。合併的有機提取液再經水沖洗、於MgSO4
上乾燥、經過濾及濃縮。粗產物經CC在矽膠上,藉由庚烷:EA 1:1溶離純化,然後從DCM中結晶。經純化的結晶物在HV下,於45℃乾燥48小時,得到所需產物白色結晶粉末(1.62g)。
1
H NMR(CDCl3
):δ 4.60-4.65(m,2H),4.71-4.74(m,2H),5.50(s br,2H),7.10(s br,1H),7.13-7.17(m,2H),7.55-7.59(m,2H),8.49(s,2H),8.50(s,1H)。
LC-MS:tR
=0.93min,[M+H]+
=544.70。
對於競爭結合實驗,使用表現人類重組體ETA
或ETB
受體之CHO細胞之膜。以重組體CHO細胞製備微粒體膜,如上述進行結合實驗(Breu V.,et al,FEBS Lett.
(1993),334,
210)。
實驗在200μL 50mM pH 7.4包含25mM MnCl2
、1mM EDTA及0.5%(w/v)BSA的Tris/HCl緩衝液中,於聚丙烯微量滴定板中進行。在20℃下,使用8pM[125
I]ET-1(4000cpm)及濃度逐漸增加的無標記之拮抗劑培養包含0.5μg蛋白質的膜2小時。分別分析未經及經100nM ET-1處理之樣品的最大及最小結合性。2小時後,膜在包含GF/C濾器的濾板上過濾(Unifilterplates來自瑞士蘇黎士Canberra Packard S.A.公司)。在每孔中加入50μL閃爍液(Microscint 20,瑞士蘇黎士Canberra Packard S.A.公司),濾板於微板計數器中計數(TopCount,瑞士蘇黎士Canberra Packard S.A.公司)。
溶解所有實驗化合物,稀釋及加入DMSO中。實驗在已發現不會明顯干擾結合性的2.5% DMSO存在下進行。IC50
為抑制50%ET-1特定結合性的拮抗劑濃度。已發現參考化合物之IC50
值如下:ETA
細胞:對於ET-1係0.075nM(n=8)及對於ET-3係118nM(n=8);ETB
細胞:對於ET-1為0.067nM(n=8)及對於ET-3為0.092nM(n=3)。
式I化合物得到的IC50
值示於下表1。
由内皮素拮抗劑對内皮素-1所引起大鼠主動脈環(ETA
受體)收縮及對由角蝰毒素S6c所引起大鼠氣管環(ETB
受體)收縮之抑制作用分析内皮素拮抗劑的功能性抑制力。成年Wistar小鼠經麻醉及放血。胸主動脈或氣管經切除、解剖且切成3-5mm環節。溫和擦破内膜表面去除内皮/上皮。每個環懸浮於保持在37℃、10mL填充有Krebs-Henseleit溶液(以mM計:NaCl 115,KCl 4.7,MgSO4
1.2,KH2
PO4
1.5,NaHCO3
25,CaCl2
2.5,葡萄糖10)及經95% O2
及5%CO2
充氣的離體器官浴槽中。環與測力傳感器連接及記錄等長張力(法國巴黎EMKA Technologies SA公司)。拉伸環至3g(主動脈)或2g(氣管)之靜止張力。與實驗化合物或其媒劑培養10分鐘後,加入累進劑量之ET-1(主動脈)或角蝰毒素S6c(氣管)。計算濃度比,分析實驗化合物的功能性抑制力,亦即不同濃度實驗化合物所引起EC50
之右移。EC50
為達到最大收縮力之一半值時所需要的内皮質濃度,pA2
為引起EC50
數值移動兩倍時的拮抗劑濃度之負對數值。
式I化合物得到的pA2
數值(n=3)示於下表2中。
體重200-250g的Wistar雄性大鼠在馴化至少7天後,進行藥物動力學實驗。所有動物在根據NIH方針之條件下收容。在實驗前兩天,大鼠經氯胺酮(90mg/kg)及甲苯噻嗪2%(10mg/kg)i.p混合物麻醉。在無菌條件下,將導管植入頸靜脈中以允許多次採血。全身麻醉恢復後,在標準實驗條件下,將動物分別收容於具有鋼絲網頂端及標準化軟木材墊的Makrolon型-3籠中。在恢復期及整個實驗期間,動物可自由獲取水及食物。
藥物動力學實驗在Wistar大鼠(m=2-3)頸靜脈插管供連續採血後進行。實驗化合物經胃管灌食法以10mg/kg之劑量口服。然後在24h期間,於預定時間點處採血及離心製備血漿。血漿中藥物濃度利用連接質譜分析的液相層析法進行定量分析(定量限值:4.6ng/mL)。利用非分區分析評價藥物動力學。
在大鼠中測量式I化合物及WO 02/053557之參考化合物的半衰期t1/2
及清除率CL,見下表3。
該實驗以雙盲、以安慰劑為對照組、隨機、上升劑量進行I期實驗。
每種測試量劑量包括篩檢期間核查合格之8位健康男性,進行臨床研究。
合格個體必須符合以下所有標準:
‧ 男性年齡在20至50(含)歲之間;
‧ 依據病歷且經篩選評價為健康者;
‧ 體質量指數在18至28kg/m2
之間;
‧ 正常血壓(BP)及脈搏率(PR),即10min仰臥後,SBP:100-140mmHg,DBP:50-90mmHg及PR:45-90bpm(包含限值);
‧ 12-導聯心電圖無臨床上相關異常;
‧ 血液學、生物化學及尿分析實驗結果未超出臨床上相關程度之標準範圍;
‧藥物篩檢呈陰性結果(古柯鹼、大麻素類、麻醉劑、苯二氮呯類、巴比妥酸鹽、三環抗抑鬱葯、美沙酮、及安非他命);
‧可使用當地語言與調查員交流的能力,並理解及遵守研究所需。
合格者必需不具以下任一淘汰標準:
‧在篩選前3年内,酒精中毒或藥物濫用之病歷或臨床現象;
‧篩選前3年内,任何病史或臨床現象及/或存在會干擾研究藥物的吸收、分配、新陳代謝或排泄之任何手術或醫學症狀(即,受損的肝臟或腎功能、糖尿病、心血管異常、胰腺疾病、便秘或腹瀉慢性症狀、或其它與胃腸道相關的急性症狀,僅允許闌尾切除術或疝切開術);
‧B或C型肝炎病史及/或出現急性或慢性B或C型肝炎的肝炎血清呈陽性結果(接種疫苗者除外);
‧HIV血清呈陽性結果;
‧吸煙;
‧對任何藥物有臨床相關過敏或嚴重有害反應之病歷;
‧篩選檢查前3個月内曾參與另一臨床研究;
‧第一次攝取藥物前兩周曾經或併行接受任何醫藥療法(處方或OTC);
‧研究前3個月内曾流失250ml或更多血液;
‧篩選前4星期内曾出現臨床相關病症(例如,急性細菌、病毒、或真菌感染)。
除非該處理法出現不良反應,否則不允許進行併行療法。
受試者在研究第1及10天時,於攝取藥物前10小時至攝取藥物後4小時期間禁食。研究期間,受試者接受以下標準食物:
‧在第-1天及第2至第11天進食早餐(第1及第10天無早餐);
‧在第-1天、第1及第10天約中午或攝取藥物後約4小時進食中餐;
‧在第-1天、第1及第10天投與藥物約8小時後吃點心;及
‧在第-1天、第1及第10天約19:00點或投與藥物後約11小時進食晚餐。
不同劑量組的受試者在分別研究期間均接受相同食物。第1天與第10天之食物相同。可隨意攝取水。
從篩選至研究結束,受試者避免強烈體能活動及劇烈運動(耐力運動)及不飲用任何含酒精的飲料、葡萄柚或葡萄柚汁。在診所中亦不允許飲用包含黃嘌呤的飲料。
在臨床實驗中使用游離鹼形式之丙基胺磺酸[5-(4-溴-苯基)-6-[2-(5-溴-嘧啶-2-基氧基)-乙氧基]-嘧啶-4-基]-醯胺(見WO 02/053557或WO 2007/031933;以下命為"參考化合物"),呈硬膠囊口服,調配濃度1及10mg。對應的安慰劑膠囊包含相同賦形劑,但無參考化合物。
參考化合物以1、3、10及30mg上升多劑量投與(分別以1個1mg膠囊、3個1mg膠囊、1個10mg膠囊及3個10mg膠囊)。處理受試者10天。基於匿名之義務,以識別號碼及密碼分配用於受試者。僅以受試者號碼及出生日期識別受試者。
以雙盲形式進行實驗。每劑量組包含6位受試者隨機分配接受參考化合物處理及分配2位受試者接受安慰劑處理。
早上給與站立姿勢受試者服用藥物與150ml水,在第1天及第10天時,均在至少禁食10小時後服用。其他研究日期之試驗藥物係在攝取早餐前30分鐘進行。對於每個受試者,每次藥物攝取間隔24±0.5小時,但通常在7:00至9:00之間攝取藥物。
所有藥物均在直接醫藥監督下投與。每次藥物投與後,立刻檢查口腔。在分析期間,測量參考化合物及/或其代謝物(即式I化合物)的血漿含量,進一步核查其一致性。
利用LC-MS決定參考化合物及其代謝物(即式I化合物)在血漿及尿中之含量。兩者分析定量極限為1ng/ml。
研究第10天時,式I化合物及參考化合物在每次不同日投與劑量(分別1、3、10及30mg)下測量的表觀消除半衰期(t1/2
)可見下表4(數據為幾何平均值)。
可知,式I化合物為一種内皮素受體拮抗劑(參見"對内皮素與擕載人類ET受體的CHO細胞之膜之結合性之抑制作用",表1及"對内皮素所誘發已分離的大鼠主動脈環(ETA
受體)及大鼠氣管環(ETB
受體)收縮之抑制性",表2),具有比WO02/053557參考化合物更長半衰期(大鼠及人)及更低清除率(大鼠)(參見"大鼠口服單一劑量後之藥物動力學",表3及"人體口服多劑量後的藥物動力學"表4)。
Claims (15)
- 一種式I之化合物或其鹽
- 如請求項1之式I化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其係作為醫藥品。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含作為活性成分的如請求項1之式I化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,及至少一種無治療活性的賦形劑。
- 一種如請求項1之式I化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽於製備醫藥品之用途,該醫藥品係用於治療高血壓、肺高血壓、冠心病、心功能不全、腎及心肌缺血、腎衰竭、大腦局部缺血、癡呆、蛛網膜下出血、雷諾氏綜合症(Raynaud's syndrome)、指頭潰瘍或門靜脈高血壓,及用於治療或預防動脈粥樣硬化、氣囊或支架血管成形術後再狹窄、發炎、胃及十二指腸潰瘍、癌、黑素瘤、前列腺肥大、勃起障礙、聽力損失、黑內障(amaurosis)、慢性支氣管炎、哮喘、肺纖維化、革蘭氏陰性敗血病、休克、鐮刀形紅細胞貧血病、血管球性腎炎、青光眼、結 締組織疾病、疼痛或高血脂。
- 如請求項4之用途,其中製備的醫藥品係用於治療選自由高血壓、肺高血壓及勃起障礙所組成之群的疾病。
- 如請求項5之用途,其中製備的醫藥品係用於治療高血壓。
- 如請求項5之用途,其中製備的醫藥品係用於治療肺高血壓。
- 如請求項7之用途,其中製備的醫藥品係用於治療肺動脈高血壓。
- 如請求項1之式I化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其係用於治療高血壓、肺高血壓、冠心病、心功能不全、腎及心肌缺血、腎衰竭、大腦局部缺血、癡呆、蛛網膜下出血、雷諾氏綜合症、指頭潰瘍或門靜脈高血壓,及用於治療或預防動脈粥樣硬化、氣囊或支架血管成形術後再狹窄、發炎、胃及十二指腸潰瘍、癌、黑素瘤、前列腺肥大、勃起障礙、聽力損失、黑內障、慢性支氣管炎、哮喘、肺纖維化、革蘭氏陰性敗血病、休克、鐮刀形紅細胞貧血病、血管球性腎炎、青光眼、結締組織疾病、疼痛或高血脂。
- 如請求項9之化合物或醫藥上可接受之鹽,其係用於治療選自由高血壓、肺高血壓及勃起障礙所組成之群的疾病。
- 如請求項9之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其係用於治療高血壓。
- 如請求項9之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其係用於治療肺高血壓。
- 如請求項12之化合物或其醫藥上可接受之鹽,其係用於治療肺高血壓,其中該肺高血壓係肺動脈高血壓。
- 一種製備如請求項1之式I化合物之方法,該方法包括以下步驟:a)在強鹼存在下,將式I-2B 化合物與式I-3化合物反應
- 如請求項14之方法,其包括另一個在鹼存在下,將式I-4化合物與乙二醇反應以得到式I-2B 化合物之步驟,
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WO2017093903A1 (en) * | 2015-11-30 | 2017-06-08 | Laurus Labs Private Limited | An improved process for the preparation of macitentan |
WO2017191565A1 (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2017-11-09 | Shilpa Medicare Limited | Process for preparation of macitentan |
EP3658140A1 (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2020-06-03 | Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd | Combinations of a 4-pyrimidinesulfamide derivative with active ingredients for the treatment of endothelin related diseases |
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CN108997223B (zh) * | 2018-08-09 | 2020-06-30 | 浙江先锋科技股份有限公司 | 5-(4-溴苯基)-4,6-二氯嘧啶的制备方法 |
TWI841649B (zh) | 2018-12-21 | 2024-05-11 | 瑞士商艾克泰聯製藥有限公司 | 用於治療肺動脈高血壓之醫藥組成物 |
TW202042818A (zh) | 2019-01-25 | 2020-12-01 | 瑞士商艾克泰聯製藥有限公司 | 用於治療慢性血栓性肺高血壓之醫藥組成物 |
EP4056182A1 (en) * | 2019-11-07 | 2022-09-14 | Crystal Pharmaceutical (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. | Crystal form of aprocitentan, preparation method therefor and use thereof |
US20230167090A1 (en) | 2020-05-21 | 2023-06-01 | Teva Pharmaceuticals International Gmbh | Solid state forms of aprocitentan and process for preparation thereof |
WO2023111797A1 (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-06-22 | Janssen Biotech, Inc. | Pyrimidine sulfamide derivatives and process for manufacturing them |
CN119255805A (zh) | 2022-05-22 | 2025-01-03 | 爱杜西亚药品有限公司 | 用于治疗高血压的阿普昔腾坦 |
KR20250019676A (ko) | 2022-05-25 | 2025-02-10 | 이도르시아 파마슈티컬스 리미티드 | 소듐 (5-(4-브로모페닐)-6-(2-((5-브로모피리미딘-2-일)옥시)에톡시)피리미딘-4-일)(술파모일)아미드의 결정질 형태 |
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