KR102307199B1 - 정극, 리튬 이온 이차 전지, 이동체, 차량, 시스템, 및 전자 기기 - Google Patents
정극, 리튬 이온 이차 전지, 이동체, 차량, 시스템, 및 전자 기기 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102307199B1 KR102307199B1 KR1020207037618A KR20207037618A KR102307199B1 KR 102307199 B1 KR102307199 B1 KR 102307199B1 KR 1020207037618 A KR1020207037618 A KR 1020207037618A KR 20207037618 A KR20207037618 A KR 20207037618A KR 102307199 B1 KR102307199 B1 KR 102307199B1
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- active material
- material particles
- secondary battery
- lithium ion
- ion secondary
- Prior art date
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 31
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 133
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 52
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 20
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
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- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese(2+) Chemical compound [Mn+2] WAEMQWOKJMHJLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- SXWUDUINABFBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L dilithium;fluoro-dioxido-oxo-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])(F)=O SXWUDUINABFBMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H ferric oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VEPSWGHMGZQCIN-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003026 Acene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015868 MSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Fe] Chemical compound [Li].[Fe] QSNQXZYQEIKDPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn] KLARSDUHONHPRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012729 immediate-release (IR) formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O ILXAVRFGLBYNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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Abstract
Description
도 2a는 종래의 도전 보조제(아세틸렌 블랙 입자)와 활성 물질 입자의 단면 모식도이고, 도 2b는 그의 SEM 이미지이다.
도 3a는 가열에 의한 산화 그래핀의 중량 변화 및 시차열 변화를 도시하고, 도 3b는 이산화탄소의 방출량을 도시한다.
도 4는 가열에 의한 산화 그래핀의 적외 분광 스펙트럼의 변화를 도시한다.
도 5는 이차 전지의 예를 나타낸다.
도 6a 및 도 6b는 실시예에서 제조한 전극의 단면 SEM 이미지이다.
도 7a는 실시예에서 제조한 전극의 단면 SEM 이미지이고, 도 7b는 그래핀을 도시하는 도면이다.
도 8은 실시예에서 제조한 리튬 이차 전지의 특성을 도시한다.
도 9는 실시예에서 제조한 리튬 이차 전지의 특성을 도시한다.
도 10은 축전 장치의 응용 예를 나타낸다.
102: 부극 활성 물질층
104: 부극
106: 하우징
110: 세퍼레이터
120: 링 형상 절연체
128: 정극 집전체
130: 정극 활성 물질층
132: 정극
140: 스페이서
142: 와셔
144: 하우징
201: 표시 장치
202: 하우징
203: 표시부
204: 스피커부
205: 축전 장치
211: 조명 장치
212: 하우징
213: 광원
214: 축전 장치
215: 천장
216: 측벽
217: 바닥
218: 창
221: 실내기
222: 하우징
223: 송풍구
224: 축전 장치
225: 실외기
231: 전기 냉동 냉장고
232: 하우징
233: 냉장실용 도어
234: 냉동실용 도어
235: 축전 장치
Claims (33)
- 리튬 이온 이차 전지로서,
정극과,
부극을 포함하고,
상기 정극은, 집전체 위에 제1 도전 보조제와, 제2 도전 보조제와, 복수의 활성 물질 입자를 포함하고,
상기 제1 도전 보조제는 아세틸렌 블랙 입자 또는 카본 입자를 포함하고,
상기 제2 도전 보조제는 탄소 시트를 포함하고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 하나와, 상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자의 다른 하나는, 상기 탄소 시트에 의해 피복되어 있고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 상기 하나는, 상기 집전체에 접하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지. - 리튬 이온 이차 전지로서,
정극과,
부극을 포함하고,
상기 정극은, 집전체 위에 도전 보조제와, 복수의 활성 물질 입자를 포함하고,
상기 도전 보조제는 복수의 탄소 시트를 포함하고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 하나와, 상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자의 다른 하나는, 상기 복수의 탄소 시트 중 하나에 의해 피복되어 있고,
상기 복수의 탄소 시트 중 상기 하나가, 상기 복수의 탄소 시트 중 다른 하나와 결합하고 있고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 상기 하나는, 상기 집전체에 접하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지. - 리튬 이온 이차 전지로서,
정극과,
부극을 포함하고,
상기 정극은, 집전체 위에 도전 보조제와, 복수의 활성 물질 입자를 포함하고,
상기 도전 보조제는 복수의 그래핀을 포함하고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 하나와, 상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자의 다른 하나는, 상기 복수의 그래핀 중 하나에 의해 피복되어 있고,
상기 복수의 그래핀 중 상기 하나가, 상기 복수의 그래핀 중 다른 하나와 결합하고 있고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 상기 하나는, 상기 집전체에 접하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지. - 리튬 이온 이차 전지로서,
정극과,
부극을 포함하고,
상기 정극은, 집전체 위에 제1 도전 보조제와, 제2 도전 보조제와, 복수의 활성 물질 입자를 포함하고,
상기 제1 도전 보조제는 아세틸렌 블랙 입자 또는 카본 입자를 포함하고,
상기 제2 도전 보조제는 탄소 시트를 포함하고,
상기 제2 도전 보조제는 상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 적어도 하나를 내포하고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 하나는, 상기 집전체에 접하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지. - 리튬 이온 이차 전지로서,
정극과,
부극을 포함하고,
상기 정극은, 집전체 위에 도전 보조제와, 복수의 활성 물질 입자를 포함하고,
상기 도전 보조제는 복수의 탄소 시트를 포함하고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 하나와, 상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자의 다른 하나는, 상기 복수의 탄소 시트 중 하나에 의해 내포되어 있고,
상기 복수의 탄소 시트 중 상기 하나가, 상기 복수의 탄소 시트 중 다른 하나와 결합하고 있고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 상기 하나는, 상기 집전체에 접하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지. - 리튬 이온 이차 전지로서,
정극과,
부극을 포함하고,
상기 정극은, 집전체 위에 도전 보조제와, 복수의 활성 물질 입자를 포함하고,
상기 도전 보조제는 복수의 그래핀을 포함하고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 하나와, 상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자의 다른 하나는, 상기 복수의 그래핀 중 하나에 의해 내포되어 있고,
상기 복수의 그래핀 중 상기 하나가, 상기 복수의 그래핀 중 다른 하나와 결합하고 있고,
상기 복수의 활성 물질 입자 중 상기 하나는, 상기 집전체에 접하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지. - 제1항 또는 제4항에 있어서, 상기 카본 입자는 카본 나노 섬유를 포함하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지.
- 제3항 또는 제6항에 있어서, 상기 복수의 그래핀 중 상기 하나는, 단층 그래핀 또는 다층 그래핀인, 리튬 이온 이차 전지.
- 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 정극은, 바인더를 더 포함하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지. - 제9항에 있어서,
상기 바인더는 폴리불화비닐리덴을 포함하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지. - 제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 전해액을 더 포함하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지.
- 제11항에 있어서, 상기 전해액은 에틸렌카르보네이트 또는 디에틸카르보네이트를 포함하는, 리튬 이온 이차 전지.
- 이동체로서,
제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 리튬 이온 이차 전지를 포함하는, 이동체. - 차량으로서,
제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 리튬 이온 이차 전지를 포함하고,
전기 자동차 또는 하이브리드 자동차인, 차량. - 시스템으로서,
제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 리튬 이온 이차 전지를 보조 전원으로서 사용하는, 시스템. - 전자 기기로서,
제1항 내지 제6항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 리튬 이온 이차 전지를 포함하는, 전자 기기. - 삭제
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