KR101861212B1 - 전기화학적 에너지 저장 시스템 및 방법 - Google Patents
전기화학적 에너지 저장 시스템 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101861212B1 KR101861212B1 KR1020137007963A KR20137007963A KR101861212B1 KR 101861212 B1 KR101861212 B1 KR 101861212B1 KR 1020137007963 A KR1020137007963 A KR 1020137007963A KR 20137007963 A KR20137007963 A KR 20137007963A KR 101861212 B1 KR101861212 B1 KR 101861212B1
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- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPFGFHJALYCVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L rubidium carbonate Chemical compound [Rb+].[Rb+].[O-]C([O-])=O WPFGFHJALYCVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003346 selenoethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical class [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur hexafluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(F)(F)(F)F SFZCNBIFKDRMGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K trilithium;phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O TWQULNDIKKJZPH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MKRZFOIRSLOYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;methanesulfonate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CS([O-])(=O)=O.CS([O-])(=O)=O MKRZFOIRSLOYCE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
도 2A 및 2B는 다른 단면 모양을 보여주는 3차원 전극 어레이 구체예의 구성요소의 정면도를 제공한다.
도 3A 및 3B는 3차원 전극 어레이 구체예의 도면을 제공한다.
도 4A 및 4B는 두 개의 상이한 전해질을 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이 구체예의 도면을 제공한다.
도 5A 및 5B는 전극 어레이의 온도를 조절하기 위한 요소를 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이 구체예의 도면을 제공한다.
도 6은 판 사이의 공간보다 더 큰 두께를 지닌 평판 전극을 갖는 3차원 전극 어레이 구체예의 도면을 제공한다.
도 7A 및 7B는 전극간 공간 내 유체 및 고체를 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이 구체예의 도면을 제공한다.
도 8은 평판 전극 내 근접하게 이격된 구멍을 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이 구체예의 도면을 제공한다.
도 9는 상이한 막대 전극 재료를 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이 구체예의 도면을 제공한다.
도 10은 상이한 평판 전극 재료를 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이 구체예의 도면을 제공한다.
도 11은 전극을 둘러싸는 유체가 흘러가게 유도된 3차원 전극 어레이의 도면을 제공한다.
도 12는 중공관 막대 전극을 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이의 도면을 제공한다.
도 13A 및 13B는 평판 전극을 감싸는 제 1 유동 유체 및 막대 전극을 감싸는 제 2 유동 유체를 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이의 도면을 제공한다.
도 14는 막대 전극 구체예의 도면을 제공한다.
도 15는 중공관 막대 전극을 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이의 도면을 제공한다.
도 16A 및 16B은 복합 막대 전극 구조의 개략도를 제공한다.
도 17A 내지 17E은 3차원 전극 어레이 및 임의로, 하나 이상의 유동 전해질 구성요소의 개략도를 제공한다.
도 18A 및 18B는 다공성 막대를 포함하는 복합 막대 전극 구조의 도면을 제공한다.
도 19는 3차원 전극 어레이를 포함하는 전기화학 전지의 충전 및 방전 사이클의 실험 데이터를 제공한다.
도 20은 다수의 막대 전극을 보여주는 평판 전극의 단일 구멍의 도면을 제공한다.
도 21는 분지된 막대 전극을 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이의 개략적인 측단면도를 제공한다. 삽도는 평면도를 나타낸다.
도 22는 막대 전극을 연결하는 브릿지형 구조를 포함하는 3차원 전극 어레이의 개략적인 측단면도를 제공한다. 삽도는 평면도를 나타낸다.
Claims (129)
- 복수의 평판 전극, 복수의 막대 전극 및 추가로 전해질을 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이로서,
각각의 평판 전극은 독립적으로 집전체를 포함하고, 각각의 평판 전극은 일련의 구멍을 포함하고, 평판 전극은, 개개의 평판 전극의 각각의 구멍이 각각의 다른 모든 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 정렬되도록 병렬 배향으로 배열되고,
복수의 막대 전극은 복수의 평판 전극과 물리적으로 접촉하지 않고, 각각의 막대 전극이 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 소정 길이로 연장되고, 각각의 막대 전극이 복수의 평판 전극을 통해 개별적으로 연장되도록 복수의 막대 전극이 배열되며,
제 1 표면적이 복수의 평판 전극의 누적 표면적을 포함하고, 제 2 표면적이 각각의 구멍 어레이의 누적 표면적을 포함하고, 제 3 표면적이 각각의 복수의 막대 전극의 누적 표면적을 포함하고,
각각의 복수의 평판 전극은 20 nm 내지 20 m 범위에 걸쳐서 선택된 하나 이상의 측면 치수 및 20 nm 내지 5 cm 범위에 걸쳐서 선택된 두께 치수를 가지고; 각각의 복수의 평판 전극 간의 간격이 10 nm 내지 5 cm 범위에 걸쳐서 선택되고; 각각의 복수의 막대 전극이 50 nm 내지 20 m 범위에 걸쳐서 선택된 길이 및 9 nm 내지 20 cm 범위에 걸쳐서 선택된 직경 또는 측면 치수를 가지고; 각각의 구멍은 10 nm 내지 20 cm 범위에 걸쳐서 선택된 직경 또는 측면 치수를 가지고;
전해질은 다른 평판 전극 및 막대 전극으로부터 각각의 평판 전극을 분리하는, 3차원 전극 어레이. - 제 1항에 있어서, 복수의 막대 전극이 복수의 평판 전극과 전기적으로 접촉하지 않는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 3차원 전극 어레이가 일차 전기화학 전지, 이차 전기화학 전지, 연료 전지, 커패시터, 수퍼커패시터, 플로우 배터리(flow battery), 금속-공기 배터리 및 반고체 배터리로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 장치의 구성요소인, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 제 1 표면적에 대한 제 2 표면적의 비가 1 내지 5의 범위에 걸쳐서 선택되는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 제 3 표면적에 대한 제 2 표면적의 비가 0.2 내지 5의 범위에 걸쳐서 선택되는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 5 개 이상의 평판 전극 및 50 개 이상의 막대 전극을 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 3차원 전극 어레이가 전기화학 전지의 구성요소이고, 전기화학 전지는 일차 전지, 이차 전지, 납산 전지, 리튬 전지, 리튬 이온 전지, 아연-탄소 전지, 알칼리 전지, 니켈-카드뮴 전지, 니켈 금속 하이드라이드 전지, 산화은 전지, 나트륨 황 전지, 고체 전기화학 전지, 유체 전기화학 전지, 플로우 배터리, 연료 전지, 반고체 배터리 또는 금속-공기 배터리로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 3차원 전극 어레이가 커패시터 또는 수퍼커패시터의 구성요소이고, 3차원 전극 어레이가 각각의 복수의 평판 전극과 각각의 하나 이상의 막대 전극 사이에 위치한 유전 재료를 추가로 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 각각의 복수의 막대 전극이 집전체를 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 9항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 집전체가 히트 싱크(heat sink) 또는 열원(heat source)과 열소통식으로 배치되는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 9항에 있어서, 각각의 집전체가 히트 파이프(heat pipe)를 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 9항에 있어서, 각각의 집전체가 3차원 전극 어레이의 구조적 요소이거나, 3차원 전극 어레이에 대한 구조적 지지를 제공하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 열 전달 막대를 추가로 포함하고, 각각의 열 전달 막대는 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 소정의 길이로 연장되도록 배열되고, 하나 이상의 열 전달 막대 중 적어도 하나는 히트 싱크 또는 열원과 열 소통식으로 배치되는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 각각의 구멍 표면 상에 불활성 코팅을 추가로 포함하고, 불활성 코팅은, 불활성 코팅에 의해 피복되는 위치에서의 평판 전극 구멍에서 발생하는 산화 반응 또는 환원 반응을 방지하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 전기화학 전지의 온도를 제어하기 위한 방법으로서,
복수의 평판 전극 및 복수의 막대 전극을 포함하는 전기 화학 전지를 제공하는 단계; 및 하나 이상의 집전체를 히트 싱크 또는 열원과 열 소통식으로 위치시키는 단계를 포함하며,
각각의 평판 전극은 일련의 구멍을 포함하고, 평판 전극은, 개개의 평판 전극의 각각의 구멍이 각각의 다른 모든 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 정렬되도록 병렬 배향으로 배열되고,
복수의 막대 전극은 복수의 평판 전극과 물리적으로 접촉하지 않고, 각각의 막대 전극이 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 소정 길이로 연장되도록 배열되며,
제 1 표면적이 복수의 평판 전극의 누적 표면적을 포함하고, 제 2 표면적이 각각의 구멍 어레이의 누적 표면적을 포함하고, 제 3 표면적이 각각의 복수의 막대 전극의 누적 표면적을 포함하며,
각각의 복수의 평판 전극이 집전체를 포함하거나, 각각의 복수의 막대 전극이 집전체를 포함하거나, 각각의 복수의 평판 전극이 집전체를 포함하고 각각의 복수의 막대 전극이 집전체를 포함하는 방법. - 전기화학 전지의 온도를 조절하기 위한 방법으로서,
복수의 평판 전극, 복수의 막대 전극 및 하나 이상의 열전달 막대를 포함하는 전기화학 전지를 제공하는 단계; 및 하나 이상의 열전달 막대를 히트 싱크 또는 열원과 열 소통식으로 위치시키는 단계를 포함하며,
각각의 평판 전극은 일련의 구멍을 포함하고, 평판 전극은, 개개의 평판 전극의 각각의 구멍이 각각의 다른 모든 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 정렬되도록 병렬 배향으로 배열되고,
복수의 막대 전극이 복수의 평판 전극과 물리적으로 접촉하지 않고, 각각의 막대 전극은 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 소정 길이로 연장되도록 배열되며,
하나 이상의 열전달 막대는 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 소정 길이로 연장되도록 배열되며,
제 1 표면적이 복수의 평판 전극의 누적 표면적을 포함하고, 제 2 표면적이 각각의 구멍 어레이의 누적 표면적을 포함하고, 제 3 표면적이 각각의 복수의 막대 전극의 누적 표면적을 포함하며,
각각의 복수의 평판 전극이 집전체를 포함하거나, 각각의 복수의 막대 전극이 집전체를 포함하거나, 각각의 복수의 평판 전극이 집전체를 포함하고 각각의 복수의 막대 전극이 집전체를 포함하는 방법. - 전극 어레이를 제조하는 방법으로서,
각각의 평판 전극이 독립적으로 집전체를 포함하고, 각각의 평판 전극이 일련의 구멍을 포함하는, 복수의 평판 전극을 제공하는 단계;
개개의 평판 전극의 각각의 구멍이 각각의 모든 다른 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 정렬되도록 병렬 배향으로 복수의 평판 전극을 배열하는 단계;
복수의 막대 전극을 제공하는 단계; 및
복수의 막대 전극이 복수의 평판 전극과 물리적으로 접촉하지 않고, 각각의 막대 전극이 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 소정 길이로 연장되며, 각각의 막대 전극이 복수의 평판 전극을 통해 개별적으로 연장되도록 복수의 막대 전극을 배열하는 단계를 포함하는 방법. - 레독스 플로우 에너지 저장 장치(redox flow energy storage device)로서,
막대 형태의 제 1 전극 집전체, 그리드(grid) 또는 교차된 바의 격자(grating of crossed bar) 형태의 제 2 전극 집전체, 상기 제 1 전극 집전체 및 제 2 전극 집전체를 분리시키는 이온 투과성 멤브레인;
제 1 전극 집전체와 이온 투과성 멤브레인 사이에 배치된 제 1 전극; 및
제 2 전극 집전체와 이온 투과성 멤브레인 사이에 배치된 제 2 전극을 포함하며;
제 1 전극 집전체 및 이온 투과성 멤브레인은 제 1 전극을 수용하는 제 1 전기활성 구역의 경계이며;
제 2 전극 집전체 및 이온 투과성 멤브레인은 제 2 전극을 수용하는 제 2 전기활성 구역의 경계이며;
제 1 전극 및 제 2 전극 중 하나 이상은 전지 작동 중에 이온을 흡수하거나 방출할 수 있는 유동성 반고체 또는 농축된 액체 이온 저장 레독스 조성물을 포함하며,
제 1 전극은 양극이고, 제 1 전극 집전체는 양극 집전체이고, 제 1 전기활성 구역은 포지티브 전기활성 구역이고, 제 2 전극은 음극이고, 제 2 전극 집전체는 음극 집전체이고, 제 2 전기활성 구역은 네가티브 전기활성 구역이거나; 제 1 전극이 음극이고, 제 1 전극 집전체는 음극 집전체이고, 제 1 전기활성 구역은 네거티브 전기활성 구역이고, 제 2 전극은 양극이고, 제 2 전극 집전체는 양극 집전체이고, 제 2 전기활성 구역은 포지티브 전기활성 구역인, 레독스 플로우 에너지 저장 장치. - 레독스 플로우 에너지 저장 장치를 작동시키는 방법으로서,
제 18항의 레독스 플로우 에너지 저장 장치를 제공하는 단계; 및
유동성 반고체 또는 농축된 액체 이온 저장 레독스 조성물을 장치의 작동 중에 전기활성 구역으로 전달하는 단계를 포함하는 방법. - 천공된 평판 전극의 스택(stack) 및 일군의 막대 전극; 이온 선택적이고 전도성인 분리막에 의해, 서로 분할된 애노드액 구획 및 캐소드액 구획으로서, 애노드액 구획 내에 양극이 위치하고, 캐소드액 구획 내에 음극이 위치하는, 애노드액 구획 및 캐소드액 구획; 및 각각의 애노드액 및 캐소드액 탱크와 구획 간에 유체 소통을 제공하기 위한 각각의 펌프 및 배관을 지닌, 애노드액 및 캐소드액 탱크를 포함하는 레독스 플로우 배터리로서,
각각의 막대 전극은 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하고; 펌프는 전해질을 탱크로, 그리고 탱크로부터 구획으로, 그리고 다시 탱크로 순환시키고, 전해질 라인에는 새로운 전해질이 첨가될 수 있는 태핑(tapping), 및 소비된 전해질이 배출될 수 있는 추가의 태핑이 구비되고, 각각의 태핑은 애노드액 및 캐소드액에 대한 것이며; 재충전시, 새로운 전해질이 첨가될 수 있는 태핑 및 소비된 전해질이 배출될 수 있는 추가의 태핑 둘 모두로의 라인에 대한 커플링을 통해, 리모트 펌프(remote pump)가 리모트 저장고로부터 새로운 애노드액 및 새로운 캐소드액을 펌핑하고, 소비된 전해질을 다른 리모트 저장고로 배출시키는, 레독스 플로우 배터리. - 제 1항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 막대 전극이 복합 막대 전극을 포함하고, 상기 복합 막대 전극이 막대 전극 내부 코어, 및 막대 전극 내부 코어를 둘러싸고 있는 막대 전극 외부 쉘을 포함하고, 막대 전극 내부 코어가 제 1 전극 재료를 포함하고, 막대 전극 외부 쉘이 제 1 전극 재료와 상이한 제 2 전극 재료를 포함하고, 하나 이상의 평판 전극이 제 1 전극 재료를 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 평판 전극이 복합 평판 전극을 포함하고, 복합 평판 전극이 평판 전극 내층, 및 평판 전극 내층을 둘러싸는 평판 전극 외부 쉘을 포함하고, 평판 전극 내층이 제 1 전극 재료를 포함하고, 평판 전극 외부 쉘이 제 1 전극 재료와 상이한 제 2 전극 재료를 포함하고, 하나 이상의 막대 전극이 제 1 전극 재료를 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 막대 전극이 일군의 막대 전극을 포함하며, 일군의 막대 전극은, 일군의 막대 전극이 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 소정 길이로 연장되도록 배열되는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 3차원 전극 어레이가 연료 전지의 구성요소를 포함하고, 3차원 전극 어레이가 하나 이상의 평판 전극, 하나 이상의 막대 전극, 또는 하나 이상의 평판 전극 및 하나 이상의 막대 전극 둘 모두와 접촉하여 배치되는 연료 유체를 추가적으로 포함하고, 3차원 전극 어레이가 하나 이상의 평판 전극, 하나 이상의 막대 전극, 또는 하나 이상의 평판 전극 및 하나 이상의 막대 전극 둘 모두와 접촉하여 배치되는 산소 함유 유체를 추가로 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 3차원 전극 어레이가 금속-공기 배터리의 구성 요소를 포함하며, 하나 이상의 막대 전극이 금속을 포함하거나, 하나 이상의 평판 전극이 금속을 포함하거나, 하나 이상의 막대 전극 및 하나 이상의 평판 전극 둘 모두가 금속을 포함하며, 3차원 전극 어레이가 하나 이상의 평판 전극, 하나 이상의 막대 전극, 또는 하나 이상의 평판 전극 및 하나 이상의 막대 전극 둘 모두와 접촉하여 배치되는 산소 함유 유체를 추가로 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 막대 전극이 다공성 막대를 포함하거나, 하나 이상의 막대 전극이 다공성 벽을 지닌 중공 막대 전극을 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 복수의 관을 추가로 포함하며, 복수의 관은 각각의 관이 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 소정 길이로 연장되도록 배열되고, 하나 이상의 막대 전극이 각각의 관내에 위치되는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 27항에 있어서, 관의 내부벽과 막대 전극의 표면 사이의 각각의 관 내 공간이 유체, 전해질, 수용액 또는 가스로 채워지는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 28항에 있어서, 유체, 전해질, 수용액 또는 가스가 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 흐르는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 27항에 있어서, 각각의 관의 외벽과 하나 이상의 구멍의 벽 사이 공간이 유체, 전해질, 수용액 또는 가스로 채워지는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 30항에 있어서, 유체, 전해질, 수용액 또는 가스가 각각의 평판 전극의 구멍을 통과하는 정렬축을 따라 흐르는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 복수의 평판 전극이 캐소드 재료 또는 애노드 재료 중 하나를 포함하고, 복수의 막대 전극이 캐소드 재료 또는 애노드 재료 중 다른 하나를 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 막대 전극이 제 1 활성 재료를 포함하고, 하나 이상의 막대 전극이 제 1 활성 재료와 상이한 제 2 활성 재료를 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 1항에 있어서, 하나 이상의 평판 전극이 제 1 활성 재료를 포함하고, 하나 이상의 평판 전극이 제 1 활성 재료와 상이한 제 2 활성 재료를 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
- 제 9항에 있어서, 복수의 평판 전극 각각이 내부 집전체를 포함하는, 3차원 전극 어레이.
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EP2614547A4 (en) | 2018-03-28 |
EP2614547A2 (en) | 2013-07-17 |
US9831043B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
WO2012034042A2 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
US20120077095A1 (en) | 2012-03-29 |
WO2012034042A3 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
JP2013546116A (ja) | 2013-12-26 |
JP6138687B2 (ja) | 2017-05-31 |
CN103098263B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
CN103098263A (zh) | 2013-05-08 |
KR20130108321A (ko) | 2013-10-02 |
EP2614547B1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
US20180137991A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
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