KR101805541B1 - 복합양극활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬전지, 및 이의 제조방법 - Google Patents
복합양극활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬전지, 및 이의 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101805541B1 KR101805541B1 KR1020110061800A KR20110061800A KR101805541B1 KR 101805541 B1 KR101805541 B1 KR 101805541B1 KR 1020110061800 A KR1020110061800 A KR 1020110061800A KR 20110061800 A KR20110061800 A KR 20110061800A KR 101805541 B1 KR101805541 B1 KR 101805541B1
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 121
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims description 118
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
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- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 101100513612 Microdochium nivale MnCO gene Proteins 0.000 description 4
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017796 Sb Si—Y Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[O--].[V+5] RLTFLELMPUMVEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021473 hassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O OWZIYWAUNZMLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LHOWRPZTCLUDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triperchlorate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O LHOWRPZTCLUDOI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(III) citrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NPFOYSMITVOQOS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- LZKLAOYSENRNKR-LNTINUHCSA-N iron;(z)-4-oxoniumylidenepent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Fe].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O LZKLAOYSENRNKR-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium acetate Chemical compound [Li+].CC([O-])=O XIXADJRWDQXREU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000686 lithium vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(ii) carbonate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000006051 mesophase pitch carbide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC(C)C RCIJMMSZBQEWKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052699 polonium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021481 rutherfordium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021477 seaborgium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus hexaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[NH2-] BHZCMUVGYXEBMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 예시적인 일구현예에 따른 리튬전지의 개략도이다.
C-rate | 비교예 3 [mAh/g] |
실시예 7 [mAh/g] |
실시예 8 [mAh/g] |
실시예 9 [mAh/g] |
0.05 | 120.6 | 140.4 | 146.2 | 155.2 |
0.1 | 117.2 | 137.4 | 143.5 | 155.1 |
0.2 | 111.5 | 132.9 | 139.0 | 152.7 |
0.5 | 100.6 | 124.8 | 129.7 | 146.9 |
1 | 90.8 | 114.2 | 119.8 | 140.8 |
2 | 80.5 | 102.8 | 108.0 | 132.8 |
5 | 61.4 | 84.7 | 88.9 | 118.7 |
Claims (25)
- 올리빈 구조를 가지는 화합물; 및
무기재료를 포함하며,
상기 무기재료가 원소주기율표 제2족 및 제13족 내지 제15족에 속하는 하나 이상의 원소의 질화물 또는 탄화물을 포함하고, 전이금속의 질화물을 포함하지 않으며,
상기 무기재료는 복합양극활물질 내에 분산되는, 복합양극활물질. - 삭제
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 올리빈 구조를 가지는 화합물이 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 복합양극활물질:
<화학식 1>
LixMeyMzPO4-dXd
상기 식에서, 0.6≤x≤1.1, 0.9≤y≤1.1, 0≤z≤0.2, 0≤d≤0.2이며;
Me는 Fe, Mn, Ni 및 Co로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이며;
M은 Mg, Ca, Cu, Nd, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Zn, Al 및 Si로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이며;
X는 S 및 F로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이다. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 올리빈 구조를 가지는 화합물이 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 복합양극활물질:
<화학식 2>
LixMn1-zM'zPO4-dXd
상기 식에서, 0.6≤x≤1.1, 0≤z≤0.2, 0≤d≤0.2이며;
M'는 Fe, Ni, Co, Mg, Ca, Cu, Nd, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Zn, Al 및 Si로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이며;
X는 S 및 F로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이다. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 올리빈 구조를 가지는 화합물이 LiFePO4, LiFe1-aMnaPO4(0<a<1) 및 LiMnPO4로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상인 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 무기재료가 준금속(metalloid) 원소의 질화물 또는 탄화물을 포함하는 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 무기재료가 보론나이트라이드(BN), 보론카바이드(B4C), 실리콘나이트라이드(Si3N4), 실리콘카바이드(SiC), 보론나이트라이드와 보론카바이드의 복합체, 보론나이트라이드와 실리콘나이트라이드(Si3N4)의 복합체, 및 보론나이트라이드와 실리콘카바이드(SiC)의 복합체로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상인 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 무기재료가 붕소를 포함하는 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 무기재료가 비정질 보론나이트라이드, 큐빅결정구조를 가지는 보론나이트라이드, 헥사고날결정구조를 가지는 보론나이트라이드 및 우르차이드(wurtzite) 결정구조를 가지는 보론나이트라이드로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상을 포함하는 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 무기재료가 나노입자, 나노파이버, 나노메쉬(mesh) 및 나노튜브로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 하나 이상의 형태를 가지는 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 무기재료의 모스(Mohs) 경도가 올리빈 구조를 가지는 화합물 보다 더 높은 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 무기재료의 모스(Mohs) 경도가 1 이상인 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 무기재료의 전기전도도(electrical conductivity)가 비정질 카본보다 더 낮은 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 무기재료의 전기전도도(electrical conductivity)가 10-1 S/cm 이하인 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 복합양극활물질이 하기 화학식 3으로 표시되는 복합양극활물질:
<화학식 3>
(1-r)LixMeyMzPO4 - dXd - rM"bZc
상기 식에서, 0.6≤x≤1.1, 0.9≤y≤1.1, 0≤z≤0.2, 0≤d≤0.2, 0<r<1이며;
Me는 Fe, Mn, Ni 및 Co로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이며;
M은 Mg, Ca, Cu, Nd, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Zn, Al 및 Si로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이며;
M"는 B, Si, Ge, As 및 Sb로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이며,
Z는 C 또는 N 이며,
X는 S 및 F로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이며,
b는 1 내지 5이며, c는 1 내지 5이다. - 제 15 항에 있어서, 0.01<r≤0.3인 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 복합양극활물질이 하기 화학식 4 표시되는 복합양극활물질:
<화학식 4>
(1-r) LixMn1 - zM'zPO4 - dXd - rM"bZc
상기 식에서, 0.6≤x≤1.1, 0≤z≤0.2, 0≤d≤0.2, 0<r<1이며;
M'는 Fe, Ni, Co, Mg, Ca, Cu, Nd, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, W, Zn, Al 및 Si로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이며;
X는 S 및 F로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이며,
M"는 B, Si, Ge, As 및 Sb로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상이며,
Z는 C 또는 N 이며,
b는 1 내지 5이며, c는 1 내지 5이다. - 제 17항에 있어서, 0.01<r≤0.3인 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 탄소계 재료를 추가적으로 포함하는 복합양극활물질.
- 제 19 항에 있어서, 탄소계 재료의 함량이 복합양극활물질 총 중량을 기준으로 0.1 내지 30중량%인 복합양극활물질.
- 제 1 항 및 제3항 내지 제 20 항 중 어느 한 항의 복합양극활물질을 포함하는 양극.
- 제 21 항의 양극을 채용한 리튬전지.
- 올리빈 구조를 가지는 화합물의 전구체 및 무기재료를 포함하는 혼합물을 불활성 분위기에서 소성하는 단계;를 포함하며,
상기 무기재료가 원소주기율표 제2족 및 제13족 내지 제15족에 속하는 하나 이상의 원소의 질화물 또는 탄화물을 포함하고, 전이금속의 질화물을 포함하지 않으며,
상기 무기재료는 복합양극활물질 내에 분산되는, 복합양극활물질 제조방법. - 제 23 항에 있어서, 올리빈 구조를 가지는 화합물의 전구체가 리튬 전구체, 포스페이트(PO4) 전구체 및 전이금속 전구체를 포함하는 복합양극활물질 제조방법.
- 제 23 항에 있어서, 상기 소성이 400℃ 내지 900℃에서 2시간 내지 48 시간 동안 수행되는 복합양극활물질 제조방법.
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1020110061800A KR101805541B1 (ko) | 2011-06-24 | 2011-06-24 | 복합양극활물질, 이를 포함하는 양극 및 리튬전지, 및 이의 제조방법 |
CN201710913699.4A CN107732185A (zh) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-05-18 | 复合正极活性材料、含其的正极和锂电池、及其制备方法 |
CN2012101564197A CN102842715A (zh) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-05-18 | 复合正极活性材料、含其的正极和锂电池、及其制备方法 |
EP12173128.5A EP2538473B1 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-06-22 | Composite cathode active material, cathode and lithium battery including the composite cathode active material, and method of preparing the composite cathode active material |
US13/530,142 US9391316B2 (en) | 2011-06-24 | 2012-06-22 | Composite cathode active material, cathode and lithium battery including the composite cathode active material, and method of preparing the composite cathode active material |
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CN106257718B (zh) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-10-19 | 浙江超威创元实业有限公司 | 一种BN包覆无钴Ni-Mn固溶镍基正极材料 |
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CN110148731A (zh) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-08-20 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池正极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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