KR101293352B1 - 갈륨 나이트라이드 결정, 호모에피택셜 갈륨나이트라이드계 디바이스 및 이들의 제조 방법 - Google Patents
갈륨 나이트라이드 결정, 호모에피택셜 갈륨나이트라이드계 디바이스 및 이들의 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
Claims (61)
- 최대 치수가 2mm 이상이고, 디스로케이션 밀도(dislocation density)가 104 cm-2 미만이고, X-선 회절에 의해 검출가능하거나 서로 1mm 미만으로 분리되어 있는 틸트 경계(tilt boundary)를 갖지 않고, 산소 불순물 수준이 1019cm-3 미만인 GaN 단결정(single crystal)으로서, 상기 단결정은 보울 및 인곳 중 하나인 GaN 단결정.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,GaN 단결정이 단일 시드(seed) 또는 핵으로부터 성장되는, GaN 단결정.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,광학적 흡광 계수가 465 내지 700nm의 파장에서 100cm-1 미만인, GaN 단결정.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,광학적 흡광 계수가 465 내지 700nm의 파장에서 5cm-1 미만인, GaN 단결정.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,3175cm-1 부근에서 단위 두께 당 흡광도가 0.01cm-1를 초과하는 적외선 흡광 피크를 갖는, GaN 단결정.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,0.04 내지 1ppm의 불소를 함유하는, GaN 단결정.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,광학적 흡광 계수가 465 내지 700nm의 파장에서 100cm-1 미만인 n-형 반도체 물질을 포함하는, GaN 단결정.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,300K의 결정 온도에서 3.38 내지 3.41eV의 광자 에너지에 피크를 나타내는 광발광 스펙트럼을 갖는 GaN 단결정.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,n-형, 반(semi)-절연형 및 p-형 중 하나인, GaN 단결정.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,1015 내지 1021 cm-3 수준으로 적어도 도판트(dopant)를 추가로 포함하는, GaN 단결정.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,자성, 발광성 또는 이들 모두를 나타내는, GaN 단결정.
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- 제 1 항 내지 제 11 항 중 어느 한 항에 청구된 GaN 단결정, 및 상기 GaN 단결정 상에 배치된 하나 이상의 반도체 층 또는 부분 층을 포함하는 반도체로서,상기 반도체 층 또는 부분 층이, a) AlxInyGa1-x-yN(이때, 0≤x≤1, 0≤y≤1 및 0≤x+y≤1이다); b) Ga1-x-yAlxInyN1-z-wPzAsw(이때, 0≤x,y,z,w≤1, 0≤x+y≤1, 및 0≤z+w≤1이다); c) AlxGa1-xN(이때, 0≤x≤1이다); 및 d) InyGa1-yN(이때, 0≤y≤1이다) 중 하나 이상인,반도체.
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- 제 1 항 내지 제 11 항 중 어느 한 항에 청구된 GaN 단결정을 함유하는 전자 디바이스(device)로서,발광 다이오드, 레이저 다이오드, 광검출기, 애벌랜치(avalanche) 광다이오드, 캐스코드(cascode) 스위치, 트랜지스터, 정류기, 사이리스터(thyristor), 쇼트키(schottky) 정류기, 사이리스터 고-전자 이동성 트랜지스터(HEMT), 금속 반도체 전계 효과 트랜지스터(MESFET), 금속 산화물 전계 효과 트랜지스터(MOSFET), 파워 금속 산화물 반도체 전계 효과 트랜지스터(파워 MOSFET), 파워 금속 절연체 반도체 전계 효과 트랜지스터(파워 MISFET), 양극성 접합 트랜지스터(BJT), 금속 절연체 전계 효과 트랜지스터(MISFET), 헤테로접합 양극성 트랜지스터(HBT), 파워 절연 게이트 양극성 트랜지스터(파워 IGBT), 파워 수직 접합 전계 효과 트랜지스터(파워 수직 JFET), 내부 서브밴드 방사제(emitter), 양자 웰(well) 적외선 광검출기(QWIP), 양자 도트(dot) 적외선 광검출기(QDIP) 및 이들의 조합물로 구성된 군에서 선택되는, 전자 디바이스.
- GaN으로 이루어진 단결정 기판 상에 배치된 하나 이상의 에피택셜(epitaxial) 반도체 활성 영역을 포함하는 전자 디바이스로서,단결정 기판의 최대 치수가 2mm 이상이고, 디스로케이션 밀도가 104 cm-2 미만이며, 산소 불순물 수준이 1019cm-3 미만이고, 단결정 기판이 X-선 회절에 의해 검출가능하거나 서로 1mm 미만으로 분리되어 있는 틸트 경계를 갖지 않고, 상기 단결정이 보울 및 인곳 중 하나인, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항에 있어서,측방향 치수가 100㎛ 이상인, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,기판이 하기 특성 중 하나 이상을 갖는, 전자 디바이스:700 내지 465nm의 파장에서 5cm-1 미만의 흡광 계수;100cm2/V-s 초과의 캐리어 이동도;0.005% 미만의 변형률(strain);0.05 내지 5mm의 두께;1x1019 cm-3 미만의 캐리어 농도;700 내지 465nm의 파장에서 100 cm-1 미만의 광학적 흡광 계수;0.04 내지 1ppm의 농도의 불소; 및3050 내지 3300 cm-1 범위에서 단위 두께 당 흡광도가 0.01 내지 200 cm-1인 하나 이상의 적외선 흡광 피크.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,기판이, 10Ω-cm 미만의 전기 저항을 갖는 n-형 기판; 100Ω-cm 미만의 전기 저항을 갖는 p-형 기판; 및 105Ω-cm 초과의 전기 저항을 갖는 반-절연형 GaN 기판 중 하나인, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,반도체 활성 영역이 전자기 스펙트럼의 자외선 내지 적색 범위에서 발광하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,반도체 활성 영역이, AlwInxGa1-w-xN(이때, 0≤w,x,w+x<1이다); AlcIndGa1-c-dN/AleInfGa1-e-fN(이때, 0≤c,d,e,f,c+d,e+f≤1이다); 및 IndGa1-dN/InfGa1-fN(이때, 0≤d≤f이다) 중 하나인, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,반도체 활성 영역이 기판 상에 직접 배치되어 있는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,반도체 활성 영역이, 두께가 2 내지 500nm인 단일 도핑된 층을 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,반도체 활성 영역이 AlcIndGa1-c-dN의 조성을 갖는 제 1 교대(alternating) 층 및 AleInfGa1-e-fN(이때, 0≤c,d,e,f,c+d,e+f<1이다)의 조성을 갖는 제 2 교대 층을 갖는 다중 양자 웰을 형성하는 복수의 교대 층을 포함하고, 이때 각 교대 층의 두께가 0.5 내지 50nm인, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,반도체 활성 영역이 AlcIndGa1-c-dN(이때, 0≤c,d,c+d<1이다)의 조성을 갖는 복수의 층을 포함하고, 이때 각 활성 층이 중(heavily)-도핑 p+/n+ 터널 접합에 의해 분리되어 있는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,p-AlyInzGa1-y-zN(이때, 0≤y,z,y+z<1이다)을 포함하고 활성 층보다 더 큰 밴드 갭을 갖는 제 1 피복(cladding) 층; 및n-GaN 및 n-AluInvGa1-u-vN(이때, 0≤u,v,u+v<1이다) 중 하나를 포함하고 활성 층보다 더 큰 밴드 갭을 갖는 제 2 피복 층을 추가로 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,반도체 활성 영역이 기판 상에 배치된 완충 층을 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 활성 영역이 도광(light-guiding) 층을 추가로 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 활성 영역이 기판 상에 배치된 접촉 층을 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 활성 영역이 기판 상에 배치된 채널 층을 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 활성 영역이 기판 상에 배치된 서브콜렉터(subcollector) 층을 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 활성 영역이, 전압 차단 층; 전압 차단 층 상에 배치된 p-형 채널 층; 및 p-형 채널 층 상에 배치된 n-형 공급원 층을 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 층이, 전압 차단 층 상에 및 그 내부에 배치된 중-도핑 p-형 베이스 층; 중-도핑 p-형 베이스 층 상에 배치된 경(lightly)-도핑 p-형 베이스 층; 및 경-도핑 p-형 베이스 층 상에 및 그 내부에 배치된 n-형 에미터(emitter) 층을 추가로 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 층이 전압 차단 층을 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 층이, 전압 차단 층 상에 배치된 공급원 층; 및 전압 차단 층 상에 및 공급원 층 측면에 배치된 게이트 층을 추가로 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,공급원 층 상에 배치된 공급원 접점; 및 게이트 층 상에 배치된 게이트 접점을 추가로 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,발광 다이오드, 레이저 다이오드, 광검출기, 애벌랜치 광다이오드, 트랜지스터, 정류기, 쇼트키 정류기, 캐스코드 스위치, 사이리스터 고-전자 이동성 트랜지스터(HEMT), 금속 반도체 전계 효과 트랜지스터(MESFET), 금속 산화물 전계 효과 트랜지스터(MOSFET), 파워 금속 산화물 반도체 전계 효과 트랜지스터(파워 MOSFET), 파워 금속 절연체 반도체 전계 효과 트랜지스터(파워 MISFET), 양극성 접합 트랜지스터(BJT), 금속 절연체 전계 효과 트랜지스터(MISFET), 헤테로접합 양극성 트랜지스터(HBT), 파워 절연 게이트 양극성 트랜지스터(파워 IGBT), 파워 수직 접합 전계 효과 트랜지스터(파워 수직 JFET), 및 고-전자 이동성 트랜지스터(HEMT) 어레이 및 이들의 조합물 중 하나인, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 층이, 전압 차단 층 내에 배치된 매립(buried) 게이트 층; 및전압 차단 층 상에 및 그 내부에, 및 매립 게이트 층 측면에 배치된 전계 정지 층을 추가로 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- 제 24 항 또는 제 25 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 층이, 매립 게이트 층 상에 배치된 웰 층; 웰 층 내에 및 전계 정지 층 측면에 배치된 공급원 층; 및 웰 층 내에 및 전계 정지 층 측면에 배치된 드레인(drain) 층을 추가로 포함하는, 전자 디바이스.
- GaN 단결정으로 이루어진 기판 상에 하나 이상의 반도체 활성 층을 형성하는 단계를 포함하는, 호모에피택셜 갈륨 나이트라이드계 전자 디바이스의 제조 방법으로서,이때, 기판의 최대 치수가 2mm 이상이고, 디스로케이션 밀도가 104 cm-2 미만이며, 산소 불순물 수준이 1019cm-3 미만이고, 기판이 X-선 회절에 의해 검출가능하거나 서로 1mm 미만으로 분리되어 있는 틸트 경계를 갖지 않고, 상기 단결정이 보울 및 인곳 중 하나인, 방법.
- 제 48 항에 있어서,형성 단계가 분자 빔 에피택시(MBE), 하이드라이드 증기 상 에피택시(HVPE) 및 금속유기 증기 상 에피택시(MOVPE) 중 하나 이상을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 48 항 또는 제 49 항에 있어서,형성 단계가 트라이메틸갈륨(Ga(CH3)3), 트라이메틸알루미늄(Al(CH3)3) 및 트라이메틸 인듐(In(CH3)3)으로 구성된 군에서 선택된 하나 이상의 유기금속 전구체를 제공하는 단계를 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 48 항 또는 제 49 항에 있어서,하나 이상의 반도체 활성 층 상에 전기접점을 형성하는 단계를 추가로 포함하고,이때, 상기 전기접점이 Ni, Ni/Au, Ti/Al, Pd, Pt, Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Sn, In, Cr, Ti, Sc, Zr, Ta, W, Ni, Hf, Mo, P, As, 희토류 금속, 이들의 조합물 및 이들의 산화물로 구성된 군에서 선택된 물질 하나 이상을 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 48 항 또는 제 49 항에 있어서,n-GaN, n-AluInvGa1-u-vN, p-AlyInzGa1-y-zN, p-GaN, 및 이들의 조합물(이때, 0≤u,v,y,z,u+v,y+z<1이다) 중 하나 이상을 포함하는 피복 층의 침착 단계를 추가로 포함하고, 이때 활성 층의 밴드 갭이 피복 층의 밴드 갭보다 작은, 방법.
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US10/329,981 US7098487B2 (en) | 2002-12-27 | 2002-12-27 | Gallium nitride crystal and method of making same |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR101284932B1 (ko) | 2013-07-10 |
EP1579486A1 (en) | 2005-09-28 |
AU2003299899A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
WO2004061923A1 (en) | 2004-07-22 |
JP5159023B2 (ja) | 2013-03-06 |
JP2006513122A (ja) | 2006-04-20 |
JP5684769B2 (ja) | 2015-03-18 |
KR20120101078A (ko) | 2012-09-12 |
EP3211659A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
JP2013067556A (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
EP1579486B1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
KR20050087871A (ko) | 2005-08-31 |
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