KR101271852B1 - 황을 함유하는 도핑된 리튬 전이금속 산화물 - Google Patents
황을 함유하는 도핑된 리튬 전이금속 산화물 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101271852B1 KR101271852B1 KR1020107002858A KR20107002858A KR101271852B1 KR 101271852 B1 KR101271852 B1 KR 101271852B1 KR 1020107002858 A KR1020107002858 A KR 1020107002858A KR 20107002858 A KR20107002858 A KR 20107002858A KR 101271852 B1 KR101271852 B1 KR 101271852B1
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- transition metal
- precursor
- lithium transition
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- cathode
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- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract description 173
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 108
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910021480 group 4 element Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 61
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910014411 LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910016485 Mn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910017709 Ni Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910003267 Ni-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910003262 Ni‐Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910018539 Ni—Mn—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011076 safety test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 transition metal sulphate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017488 Cu K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017541 Cu-K Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018119 Li 3 PO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008015 Li-M Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013705 LiNi 1-x Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012752 LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013292 LiNiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006380 Li—Mn—Ni—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006467 Li—Ni—Mn—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018669 Mn—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016681 Ni0.55Mn0.3Co0.15 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016774 Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015228 Ni1/3Mn1/3CO1/3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iminotitanium Chemical compound [Ti]=N KHYBPSFKEHXSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006138 lithiation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001000 nickel titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009783 overcharge test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002059 quaternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009781 safety test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000385 transition metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/80—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
- C01G53/82—Compounds containing nickel, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Complex oxides containing manganese and at least one other metal element
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1228—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (MnO2)-, e.g. LiMnO2 or Li(MxMn1-x)O2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/20—Compounds containing manganese, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
- C01G45/22—Compounds containing manganese, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/40—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element
- C01G51/42—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
- C01G51/44—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese
- C01G51/50—Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(CoxMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyCoxMn1-x-y)O2
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
- C01G51/80—Compounds containing cobalt, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing one or more other elements
- C01G51/82—Compounds containing cobalt, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements
-
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- C01P2006/11—Powder tap density
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 Ca 농도와 비가역적 용량 및 레이트 성능(rate performance)의 상관관계이며;
도 3은 가용성 염기 함량과 Ca 및 S 농도의 상관관계이고;
도 4는 제1 사이클의 방전 용량과 Ca 및 S 농도의 상관관계이며;
도 5는 Ca로 처리된 LiMO2의 침전 동역학이고;
도 6은 Ca가 없는 LiMO2와 Ca로 처리된 LiMO2의 침전 동역학이다.
Claims (12)
- 제 1 항에 있어서,
M은 그룹 Ni, Mn, Co, Al, Mg 및 Ti 중에서 1 이상의 원소가 적어도 99%를 구성하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분말형 리튬 전이금속 산화물. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
M'은 Ca이며, 0.0250 ≤ k < 0.0500(중량%)인 것을 특징으로 하는 분말형 리튬 전이금속 산화물. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
0.25≤m≤0.6(몰%)인 것을 특징으로 하는 분말형 리튬 전이금속 산화물. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
M=NixMnyCoz이고, 여기서 0.1 ≤ x ≤0.7, 0.1 ≤ y ≤ 0.7, 0.1 ≤ z ≤ 0.7, 및 x+y+z=1인 것을 특징으로 하는 분말형 리튬 전이금속 산화물. - 제 5 항에 있어서,
1.0 ≤x/y ≤1.3 및 O.1< z < 0.4이고, Li1+aM1-a의 전체 금속에 대해서 Ni2+ 10-15 at.%를 함유하는 것을 특징으로 하는 분말형 리튬 전이금속 산화물. - 제 6 항에 있어서,
x=y=z=0.33인 것을 특징으로 하는 분말형 리튬 전이금속 산화물. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 따른 분말형 리튬 전이금속 산화물을 활성 물질로서 함유하는 캐소드를 함유하는 전기화학적 셀(electrochemical cell).
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 따른 분말형 리튬 전이금속 산화물의 제조 방법으로서,
- M-설페이트, 침전제 및 착화제의 제 1 혼합물을 준비하는 단계;
- 주어진 황 함량을 갖는 상기 제 1 혼합물로부터 M-수산화물, -옥시수산화물 또는 -카르보네이트 전구물질을 침전시키는 단계;
- 염기를 첨가하면서 상기 전구물질을 에이징하여 특정 염기:전구물질 비율을 수득한 후 물로 세척하고 건조하는 단계;
- 상기 에이징된 전구물질을 Li 전구물질과 혼합하여 제 2 혼합물을 생성하는 단계;
- 적어도 900 ℃의 온도(T)에서 1 시간 내지 48 시간(t) 동안 상기 제 2 혼합물을 소결하고 소결된 생성물을 수득하는 단계를 포함하며;
- M'의 염이 상기 M-설페이트 함유 제 1 혼합물에 첨가되거나, 또는
- M'이 에이징 동안 상기 염기에 첨가되거나, 또는
- M'이 상기 세척 단계에 사용되는 물에 첨가되거나, 또는
- M' 염 용액이 상기 소결된 생성물을 물에 현탁시킴으로써 제조된 슬러리에 첨가된 후 건조시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 제조 방법. - 제 9 항에 있어서,
M'=Ca이고, 상기 염은 Ca(NO3)2 및 CaCl2 중 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 제조 방법. - 제 9 항에 있어서,
상기 주어진 황 함량은 상기 에이징 단계 중에 주어진 염기:전구물질의 비율을 선택함으로써 조절되는 것을 특징으로 하는 제조 방법.
- 삭제
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PCT/EP2008/006409 WO2009021651A1 (en) | 2007-08-10 | 2008-08-04 | Doped lithium transition metal oxides containing sulfur |
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JP5393674B2 (ja) | 2014-01-22 |
JP2010535699A (ja) | 2010-11-25 |
CN101896431B (zh) | 2013-06-26 |
CA2694000C (en) | 2014-01-07 |
EP2178800A1 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
BRPI0814870A2 (pt) | 2015-02-03 |
TWI430960B (zh) | 2014-03-21 |
US20110260099A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
WO2009021651A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
CA2694000A1 (en) | 2009-02-19 |
CN101896431A (zh) | 2010-11-24 |
KR20100046181A (ko) | 2010-05-06 |
TW200922878A (en) | 2009-06-01 |
EP2178800B1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
US8303855B2 (en) | 2012-11-06 |
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