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KR0127757B1 - 제올라이트-함유촉매를 사용하여 배기개스중의 산화질소를 환원시키는 방법 - Google Patents

제올라이트-함유촉매를 사용하여 배기개스중의 산화질소를 환원시키는 방법

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KR0127757B1
KR0127757B1 KR1019890012619A KR890012619A KR0127757B1 KR 0127757 B1 KR0127757 B1 KR 0127757B1 KR 1019890012619 A KR1019890012619 A KR 1019890012619A KR 890012619 A KR890012619 A KR 890012619A KR 0127757 B1 KR0127757 B1 KR 0127757B1
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exhaust gas
reducing agent
zeolite
urea
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헬트 볼프강
퀴니히 악셀
푸페 로타르
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게르하르트 뮐레트, 게르하르트 베버
바이엘 아크티엔게젤샤프트
비르츠, 후텐로헤르
볼크스바겐 아크티엔게젤샤프트
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Abstract

없음.

Description

제올라이트-함유 촉매를 사용하여 배기개스중의 산화질소를 환원시키는 방법
제1도는 본 발명의 방법을 수행하기에 적합한 장치를 나타낸 도면이다.
본 발명은 내연엔진의 배기가스로부터 산화질소를 제거하는 개선된 방법에 관한 것이다.
제올라이트 촉매를 사용하여 배기개스로부터 산화질소를 제거하는 방법 및 이러한 방법을 수행하기 위한 장치는 독일연방공화국 특허공개공보 제3 642 018호에 공지되어 있다.
상기한 특허문헌에 상세히 기술되어 있는 바와 같이, 일체식 촉매(monolithic catalyst) 또는 분할식 재료 촉매(loosematerial catalyst)의 형태로 존재할 수 있는 제올라이트 촉매는 바람직하게는 X 및 Y 형태 또는 모르도나이트 형태의 제올라이트를 함유할 수 있다. 이와 같이 공지된 방법에 있어서, 예를 들어 자동차의 내연엔진의 배기개스 중에 존재하는 산화질소는, 배기개스중에 환원제로서 통상 존재하는 탄화수소 및 빈 연료(lean fuel)/공기 혼합물의 연소시 존재하는 산소와 반응한다. 따라서, 특히 자동차에서 여러가지 이유로 문제가 되는 것으로 공지된 암모니아를 환원제로서 부가할 필요가 없다.
따라서, 상기한 바와 같이 배기개스중의 탄화수소가 환원제로서 작용하기 때문에, 공지된 방법의 상기한 효과는 배기개스중에서의 일정한 최소농도의 탄화수소를 전제로 한다고 할 수 있따. 따라서, 배기개스중의 탄화수소 농도가 산화질소의 농도보다 상당히 작은 디젤 엔진의 경우에는, 공지된 방법을 최적의 방법으로 이용할 수가 없다.
본 발명의 목적은 저장면에서 문제가 되는 환원제(예 : 암모니아)를 가할 필요없이 탄화수소의 농도가 산화질소의 농도보다 상당히 낮은 배기개스중의 산화질소를 환원시키는데 이용할 수 있는, 배기개스로부터의 산화질소를 환원시키는 개선된 방법을 제공하는 것이다.
본 발명에 따라서, 상기한 문제에 대한 해결책은 제올라이트-함유 촉매의 존재하에서 배기개스중의 산화질소를 환원시키기 위해 우레아 또는 우레아-함유 화합물을 사용하는 양태를 포함한다.
본 발명의 바람직한 양태는 하기와 같다.
본 발명은 우레아(H2N-CO-NH2)가 CO2및 2NH3로 쉽게 가수분해된다는 사실을 기초로 한다. 최종적인 분석에서, 우레아는 암모니아의 저장원이다. 예를 들어, 자동차의 내연엔진으로부터 방출된 배기개스를 처리하기 위해서는, 자동차내의 탱크에 환원제를 제공해야 하나, 제공되는 환원제가 편리하게도 우레아의 수용액의 형태로 존재하며, 암모니아는 후에 형성된다.
환원제는 화학양론적 양으로, 화학양론적 양보다 적은 양으로 또는 화학양론적 양보다 많은 양으로 계량할 수 있다. 예를 들어, 하기의 NO2환원을 ZSM 형태의 Cu-대체된 제올라이트상에서 우레아를 사용하여 수행된다 :
NOx : 우레아1:0.251:0.411:0.521:0.83
NOx : 전환율(%)50%74%83%99%
따라서, 환원제의 부가는, 배기개스를 방출하는 기계(예 : 내연엔진)의 작동양식 또는 작동변수에 따라 조절할 수 있을 것이다. 예를 들어 자동차의 내연엔진의 경우, 특정 농도의 산화질소가, 예를 들어 회전속도 및 하중으로 정의되는 엔진의 특정 작동점에 따라 작동시 배기개스에서 나타나며, 환원제의 부가는, 제올라이트 촉매를 유동방향으로 부가한 후 배기개스가 환원제 및 산화질소를 거의 함유하지 않도록 조절된다.
본 발명은 자동차의 내연엔진에서 본 발명에 따른 방법을 수행하는 장치중 한 양태를 나타내는 첨부된 도면을 참조로 하여 보다 상세히 기술될 것이다.
예시적 양태로서, 내연엔진은 공기 흡입 매니폴드 시스템(2), 연료공급 시스템(3) 및 배기 시스템(4)을 포함하는 디젤 엔진(1)이다. 배기 시스템으로부터, 배기개스는 상기한 독일연방공화국 특허 공개공보 제36 42 018호에 상세히 공지된 구조 또는 이에 상응하는 조성을 갖는 제올라이드 촉매 시스템(5)을 통과한 후, 제올라이트 촉매 시스템(5)으로 부터 촉매 산화 시스템(6)으로 통과한다(이는 생략될 수도 있는 공정이다).
제올라이트 촉매 시스템(5)은 우레아를 함유하거나 전체가 우레아로 이루어진 환원제의 공급기(7)에 의해 유동방향으로 진행된다. 환원제는 탱크(8)에서 액체 형태로 저장되며, 저온 출발시에만 활성인 가열 유니트(10)에 의해 분해된 후, 펌프(9)에 의해 공급기(7)로 펌핑된다. 가열 유니트(10)는 그 자체로서 공지되어 있다. 예를 들어, 가열 유니트는 필수 성분으로서 스파크 플러그 또는 전기적으로 가열된 헤지호그(hedgehog)를 포함할 수 있다. 엔진이 뜨거워지면, 우레아는 뜨거운 배기개스에 의해 분해된다.
펌프(9)의 배출량은, 배기개스중 특정량의 산화질소를 환원시키기 위해 필요한 양의 환원제를 공급기(7)에서 배기개스에 공급하는 방법으로 조절된다. 배기개스중 산화질소의 양은 내연엔진(1)의 특정한 작동양태에 따라 다르며, 특정 작동점은 내연엔진(1)의 특정속도 및 특정 하중치에 따라 다르다. 따라서, 펌프(9)의 배출량은, 내연엔진(1)의 속도 감지기(12) 및 하중 감지기(13)의 시그날이 제공될 수 있고 다양한 속도 및 하중치에 상응하는 내연엔진(1)의 배기개스 중의 산화질소 함량이 저장된 특성-곡선 기억장치(11)에 의해 조절될 수 있다. 특성-곡선 기억장치(11)는 산화질소의 특정 함량에 상응하는 조절 시그날을 펌프(9)에 공급한다.
라인(14)으로 나타낸 바와 같이, 공급기(7)에 예를 들어 전자기적 주입 밸브의 형태인 경우, 이는 펌프를 대신하여 이에 상응하게 조절될 수 있다.
따라서, 본 발명은 배기개스중 탄화수소의 농도가 낮을지라도, 문제성이 있는 환원제를 사용할 필요없이, 제올라이트-함유 촉매상에서 배기개스중의 산화질소를 환원시킬 수 있다.

Claims (6)

  1. 내연엔진 배기개스 중의 환원제의 존재하에, 산화조건하의 배기개스를 제올라이트-함유 촉매와 접촉시킴으로써 내연엔진 배기개스 중의 산화질소를 환원시키는 방법에 있어서, 환원제가 우레아 또는 우레아-함유 물질임을 특징으로 하는 개선된 방법.
  2. 제1항에 있어서, 환원제를 개스에 부가하기 전에 우레아의 분해온도로 가열하는 방법.
  3. 제1항에 있어서, 촉매가 Cu-대체된 제올라이트의 촉매특성을 지니는 방법.
  4. 제2항에 있어서, 환원제의 부가량이 배기개스를 방출하는 엔진의 작동변수에 따라 조절되는 방법.
  5. 제4항에 있어서, 엔진의 작동 변수가 회전속도 및 엔진하중인 방법.
  6. 제4항에 있어서, 환원제의 부가량이 사실상 산화질소를 완전히 환원시키는데 필요한 양으로 일정하게 가해지도록, 여러가지 작동변수값에 대해 배기개스 중의 산화질소함량을 비교한 특성-곡선 기억장치에 의해 조절되는 방법.
KR1019890012619A 1988-09-03 1989-09-01 제올라이트-함유촉매를 사용하여 배기개스중의 산화질소를 환원시키는 방법 KR0127757B1 (ko)

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DE3830045A DE3830045C2 (de) 1988-09-03 1988-09-03 Verfahren zur Reduktion von in Abgasen enthaltenen Stickoxiden mittels eines zeolithhaltigen Katalysators
DEP3830045.1 1988-09-03

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JP2931332B2 (ja) 1999-08-09
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EP0364694B2 (de) 1997-08-06
ES2054957T5 (es) 1997-10-16
US4946659A (en) 1990-08-07
DE3830045C2 (de) 1993-09-30
DE3830045A1 (de) 1990-03-15
ES2054957T3 (es) 1994-08-16
KR900004391A (ko) 1990-04-12
DE58907982D1 (de) 1994-08-04

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