JP6106640B2 - 二重特異性抗体の融合体 - Google Patents
二重特異性抗体の融合体 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(例1)
ヒト血清アルブミンに特異的なdAbの作製
組換えDNA法を用いて、ヒト血清アルブミンに対する特異性を有するdAbをコードする、インフレームのDNAによりコードされた転写単位を作製した。
抗体フラグメントの作製
軽鎖のC末端にdAbを融合する場合、ヒトカッパ軽鎖定常領域(カッパ定常領域のKm3アロタイプを有する)、ペプチドリンカー、及びdAbをコードするDNAを合成し、SacI−PvuII制限フラグメントとして、ヒトガンマ−1 CH1定常領域をコードするDNAを含有するUCB−Celltech社の自社製発現ベクターpTTOD(Fab)(Popplewellら、Methods Mol.Biol.、2005年、第308巻、17〜30頁において説明されるpTTO−1の誘導体)内にクローニングした。これにより、共にtacプロモーターの制御下にある、リンカーを介してdAbに融合したヒト化軽鎖に対する遺伝子と、これに後続するヒト化重鎖Fabフラグメントに対する遺伝子とからなる、ジシストロニックの遺伝子配置がもたらされる。また、Gly4Serリンカーの上流にある固有のBspE1部位、又はAla−Proに富むリンカーの上流にあるAscI部位もコードされる。
以下の例では、dAbが融合する抗体鎖を、cカッパ軽鎖の場合はCK又はLC、重鎖定常ドメインのCH1ドメインの場合はCH1又はHCと表記する。
Fab−dAb融合タンパク質は、dAbL3又はdAbH4を、FabAの軽鎖又は重鎖の定常領域C末端に融合することにより構築した。dAbをcカッパ領域(配列番号75)に連結するには可撓性リンカー(SGGGGSE(配列番号1))又は剛性リンカー(G(APAPA)2(配列番号34))を用い、dAbをCH1領域(配列番号76)に連結するにはリンカーDKTHTS(配列番号2)を用いた。自社製のpTTODベクターのFabA配列へのサブクローニングを可能とするフラグメントとして、定常領域−dAb融合体をコードするDNA配列を合成により作製した。
軽鎖及び重鎖の両方にdAbL3又はdAbH4を有するFabA−didAbは、CH1−dAb融合体をコードするApaI−EcoRIフラグメントを、dAbが可撓性リンカーを介して軽鎖に融合する既存のFab−dAbプラスミドにサブクローニングすることにより構築した。
FabB−dAbH1(CH1−G4S×2)、FabB−dAbH2(CH1−G4S×2)、FabB−dAbL1(CH1−G4S×2)、FabB−dAbL2(CH1−G4S×2)であるFabB−dAbはすべて、PCRにより構築され、次いで、HCMV−MIEプロモーター及びSV40EポリA配列の制御下において、哺乳類発現ベクターにクローニングされた。これらは、哺乳類細胞における発現のためのFabB軽鎖を含有する類似のベクターと対合された(下記を参照されたい)。
FabB−dAbH1(CH1−G4S×2)、FabB−dAbH2(CH1−G4S×2)、FabB−dAbL1(CH1−G4S×2)、FabB−dAbL2(CH1−G4S×2)であるFabB−dAbはすべて、PCRにより構築され、次いで、HCMV−MIEプロモーター及びSV40EポリA配列の制御下において、哺乳類発現ベクターにクローニングされた。
製造元の指示に従い、Invitrogen社製の293フェクチントランスフェクション試薬を用いて、HEK293細胞に重鎖及び軽鎖のプラスミドをトランスフェクトした。略述すると、室温で20分間にわたり、2μgの重鎖プラスミド+2μgの軽鎖プラスミドを、10μlの293フェクチン+340μlのOptimem培地と共にインキュベートした。次いで、混合物を、懸濁液中における5×106個のHEK293細胞に添加し、37℃で振とうしながら、4日間にわたりインキュベートした。
Fab−dAb構築物の相互作用に関する結合親和性パラメータ及び反応速度パラメータは、CM5センサーチップ及びHBS−EP(10mM HEPES(pH7.4)、150mM NaCl、3mM EDTA、0.05%v/vの界面活性剤P20)ランニングバッファーを用いるBiacore T100上で実施された表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)により決定された。Fab−dAb試料は、ヒトF(ab’)2特異的ヤギFab(Jackson ImmunoResearch社製、109−006−097)又は自社製の抗ヒトCH1モノクローナル抗体を用いて、センサーチップ表面に捕捉させた。共有結合による捕捉抗体の固定化は、標準的なアミン結合化学反応により達成された。
ペリプラズム抽出
ペリプラズム内にFab−dAbを含有する大腸菌ペレットを、100mMトリス/HCl、10mM EDTA pH7.4を用いて元の培養容量で再懸濁させた。次いで、これらの懸濁液を、4℃、250rpmで16時間にわたりインキュベートした。再懸濁したペレットを、4℃、10000×gで1時間にわたり遠心分離した。上清を取り出し、0.45μmにわたり濾過した。
プロテインGクロマトグラフィーにより、濾過された上清からFab−dAbを捕捉した。略述すると、上清を、20分間の滞留時間により、20mMリン酸、150mM NaCl pH7.1中で平衡化されたGammabind Plusセファロース(GE Healthcare社製)カラムに適用した。20mMリン酸、150mM NaCl pH7.1によりカラムを洗浄し、0.1Mグリシン/HCl pH2.8により結合した物質を溶出させた。溶出ピークを回収し、1M酢酸ナトリウムで約pH5にpH調整した。pH調整された溶出物を濃縮し、10kのMWCO膜を用いて、50mMの酢酸ナトリウムpH4.5へとダイアフィルター処理した。
NaCl溶出勾配を伴うpH4.5における陽イオン交換クロマトグラフィーにより、Fab−dAbをさらに精製した。略述すると、ダイアフィルター処理されたプロテインG溶出物を、50mM酢酸ナトリウムpH4.5中で平衡化されたSource15S(GE Healthcare社製)カラムに適用した。50mM酢酸ナトリウムpH4.5によりカラムを洗浄し、20カラム容量にわたり50mM酢酸ナトリウムpH4.5中0〜1M NaClの直線勾配により、結合した物質を溶出させた。全勾配にわたり、カラム容量画分の1/3を回収した。該画分をA280及びSDS−PAGEにより解析し、関連画分をプールした。
必要な場合、ゲル濾過により、Fab−dAbをさらに精製した。略述すると、FabA−dAbL3(CK−SG4SE)のプールされたイオン交換溶出物画分を、50mM酢酸ナトリウム、125mM NaCl pH5.0中で平衡化されたSuperdex200(GE Healthcare社製)カラムに適用し、50mM酢酸ナトリウム、125mM NaCl pH5.0のイソクラチック勾配により溶出させた。全勾配にわたり、カラム容量画分の1/120を回収した。該画分をA280及びSDS−PAGEにより解析し、関連画分をプールした。ゲル濾過を受けなかったFab−dAbの場合、プールされたイオン交換溶出物画分を濃縮し、10kのMWCO膜を用いて、50mM酢酸ナトリウム、125mMのNaCl pH5.0へとダイアフィルター処理した。
必要な場合は試料を水で希釈し、次いで、10μlに、10μLの2倍濃度試料ランニングバッファーを添加した。非還元試料の場合はこの時点で2μLの100mM NEMを添加し、還元試料の場合は2μLの10倍濃度還元剤を添加した。試料をボルテックスし、85℃で5分間にわたりインキュベートし、冷却して、12500rpmで30秒間にわたり遠心分離した。調製された試料を、4〜20%のアクリルアミントリス/グリシンSDSゲルに添加し、125Vで100分間にわたり泳動した。ゲルは、ウェスタンブロット法用にPVDF膜上に転写するか、又はクーマシーブルータンパク質色素により染色した。
ゲルは、12mMトリス、96mMグリシンpH8.3中のPVDF膜に、150mAで16時間にわたり転写された。PBS+0.1%Tween20(ブロッキングバッファー)中に2%のMarvel(商標)により、1時間にわたりPVDF膜をブロッキングした。
抗軽鎖抗体
ブロッキングバッファー中1/5000の希釈率のHRP−ウサギ抗ヒトカッパ軽鎖抗体で1時間
抗重鎖抗体
ブロッキングバッファー中1/7000の希釈率のマウス抗ヒト重鎖抗体で1時間。続いて、ブロッキングバッファー中1/2000の希釈率のHRP−ヤギ抗マウス抗体で1時間。
抗Hisタグ抗体
ブロッキングバッファー中1/1000の希釈率のウサギ抗His6抗体で1時間。続いて、ブロッキングバッファー中1/1000の希釈率のHRP−ヤギ抗ウサギIgG抗体で1時間。
80℃、2ml/分の流速、及び勾配18〜38%(B)の2.1mm C8 Poroshellカラム上で、4分間にわたり試料(2μg)を解析した。
A=H2O中に0.1%のTFA
B=80:20のIPA:MeOH中に0.065%のTFA
検出は、214nmにおける吸収による。
サンドイッチELISAを用いて、Fab−dAbの収率を測定した。略述すると、抗CH1抗体によりFab−dAbを捕捉し、次いで、抗カッパ抗体−HRPにより明示した。
抗アルブミン抗体の作製
組換えchromapureヒト血清アルブミン(Jackson社から購入)により、1/2垂れ耳ウサギを免疫感作した。ウサギは、1回目の免疫感作が完全フロイントアジュバント中に100ugのHSAタンパク質であり、後続の免疫感作が不完全フロイント中に同量の同タンパク質である、3回の皮下免疫感作を受けた。WO04/051268で説明される方法を用いて、ヒト、マウス、及びラットの血清アルブミンに結合する抗体1及び2を単離した。逆転写PCRによるクローニングの後、抗体1及び2の重鎖可変ドメイン(VH)及び軽鎖可変ドメイン(VL)に対する遺伝子を単離し、配列決定した。
ヒトV領域アクセプターフレームワークと、フレームワーク領域内のドナー残基とを用いて、ヒト化VL領域及びVH領域を設計した。抗体1及び2の各々について、1つの移植VL領域(L1(配列番号53)及びL2(配列番号55))と、1つの移植VH領域(H1(配列番号52)及びH2(配列番号54))とを設計し、オリゴヌクレオチド構築及びPCR突然変異誘発により遺伝子を構築した。移植ドメイン抗体及びそれらのCDRを図5に示す。
哺乳類細胞において発現したFabB−dAbの解析
FabB−dAb構築物は、本方法で説明された通りに作製され、FabB−dAbを含有する、トランスフェクトされたHEK293細胞に由来する上清を、BIAcoreで直接に調べた。
哺乳類細胞において発現したFabB−didAbの解析
FabB−didAb構築物は、本方法で説明された通りに作製され、didAbを含有する、トランスフェクトされたHEK293細胞に由来する上清を、BIAcoreで直接に調べた。
精製FabA−dAbの解析
大腸菌におけるFab’A−dAbL3(CK−SG4SE)及びFab’A−dAbL3(CK−G[APAPA]2)であるFab−dAbの発現用のプラスミドは、本方法で説明される通りに構築した。該Fab−dAbは、本方法で説明される通り、大腸菌のペリプラズム内に発現させ、均一となるまで精製した。Fab−dAbの純度は、高温逆相HPLC、SDS−PAGE、及びウェスタンブロット法により評価した。Fab−dAbはまた、Biacoreにより、抗原結合についても評価された。
本方法で説明される通りに実施された高温逆相HPLCにより、FabA−dAbL3(CK−SG4SE)及びFabA−dAbL3(CK−G[APAPA]2)中に含有されるすべての分子種の定量的解析がなされた。存在する各分子種の百分率を表4に示す。
本方法で説明される通り、非還元条件及び還元条件下においてFab−dAb試料を調製し、ゲル上で泳動した。ゲルはクーマシー染色された。Fab’A−dAbL3(CK−SG4SE)及びFab’A−dAbL3(CK−G[APAPA]2)両方のFab−dAb試料のバンド形成プロファイル共に、高温逆相HPLCにより観察されたプロファイルによく対応する(図3)。
本方法で説明される通り、Fab−dAb試料を非還元SDS−PAGEにかけた後、抗軽鎖抗体及び抗重鎖抗体によりウェスタンブロット解析を行った。これにより、dAbがFabの軽鎖上にあること、及びいずれの試料においても重鎖が改変されていないことが確認された(図4)。またこれにより、クーマシー染色、非還元のSDS PAGEにより検出されたすべてのバンドが、Fab−dAbに関連する生成物であることも示された。
本方法で説明されるSPRによる反応速度解析を用いて、Fab’A−dAbL3(CK−SG4SE)及びFab’A−dAbL3(CK−G[APAPA]2)に対するヒト血清アルブミンの結合を評価した。表5の結果は、いずれの構築物共に、約1μMの同様の親和性(KD)によりヒト血清アルブミンに結合可能であることを示す。
FabA didAb
大腸菌におけるFabA−didAbの発現
C末端のHISタグで終結するFabA−dAb融合体及びFabA−didAb融合体を、大腸菌内において発現させた。ペリプラズム抽出の後、C末端His6タグによりdAb融合タンパク質を精製した。抗CH1抗体及び抗cカッパ抗体を伴う非還元ゲルに対するウェスタンブロット法により、Fab発現を解析した。FabA−dAb及びFabA−didAbは全長タンパク質として発現し、いずれの抗体検出試薬にも反応することが示された。
さらなる解析を実施して、1つ又は複数のdAbが融合したFabA構築物に対するHSAの結合を特徴づけた。dAbL3又はdAbH4がFabAの軽鎖又は重鎖に融合する各種の構築物に対して、結合アッセイを実施した(構築物の詳細及び結合データの概要については、表8を参照されたい)。軽鎖又は重鎖上にdAbH4だけを保有する構築物は、比較的低度の親和性(それぞれ、約9μM及び3μM)でHSAに結合することがわかったが、単一の融合体(軽鎖上又は重鎖上における)としてか、又は対向鎖上における第2のdAb(dAbL3又はdAbH4)とパートナーを形成してdAbL3を保有する構築物については、より高い親和性の結合が観察された。
Claims (6)
- CDR−H1として配列番号56の配列、CDR−H2として配列番号57の配列、並びにCDR−H3として配列番号58の配列、CDR−L1として配列番号59の配列、CDR−L2として配列番号60の配列、並びにCDR−L3として配列番号61の配列を含む、アルブミン結合抗体。
- 配列番号52の配列を有するVHドメインを含む、請求項1に記載のアルブミン結合抗体。
- 配列番号53の配列を有するVLドメインを含む、請求項1又は2に記載のアルブミン結合抗体。
- 請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の抗体であって;該抗体が、Fab、改変Fab、Fab’、F(ab’)2、Fv、単一ドメイン抗体、scFv、二価抗体、三価抗体、又は四価抗体、ビスscFv、ダイアボディ、トリアボディ、テトラボディ、或いは上記いずれかのエピトープ結合フラグメントである;抗体。
- 多重特異性を有する、請求項4に記載の抗体。
- 他の任意の抗体若しくはタンパク質又は他の分子にコンジュゲートしている、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の抗体。
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