JP5875586B2 - ディーゼルエンジンの排ガスから窒素酸化物を除去するための触媒 - Google Patents
ディーゼルエンジンの排ガスから窒素酸化物を除去するための触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5875586B2 JP5875586B2 JP2013527597A JP2013527597A JP5875586B2 JP 5875586 B2 JP5875586 B2 JP 5875586B2 JP 2013527597 A JP2013527597 A JP 2013527597A JP 2013527597 A JP2013527597 A JP 2013527597A JP 5875586 B2 JP5875586 B2 JP 5875586B2
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- Prior art keywords
- oxide
- catalyst
- exhaust gas
- alkali metal
- material zone
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- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 212
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 167
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 49
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Sr+2] IATRAKWUXMZMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Sr+2] UUCCCPNEFXQJEL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910001866 strontium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;1,3,5,2,4,6$l^{2}-trioxadisilaluminane 2,4-dioxide;dihydroxide;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2].O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1.O=[Si]1O[Al]O[Si](=O)O1 UNYSKUBLZGJSLV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052676 chabazite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 aluminum compound Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 23
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 22
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 2
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ce+3].[Ce+3] DRVWBEJJZZTIGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012084 conversion product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052664 nepheline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010434 nepheline Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005502 peroxidation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009044 synergistic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/82—Phosphates
- B01J29/84—Aluminophosphates containing other elements, e.g. metals, boron
- B01J29/85—Silicoaluminophosphates [SAPO compounds]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9422—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by NOx storage or reduction by cyclic switching between lean and rich exhaust gases (LNT, NSC, NSR)
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/066—Zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
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Description
今のところ、ディーゼル排ガスの脱窒素酸化物のためのSCR法は、乗用車における用途向けのおよび実用車における標準使用向けの窒素酸化物のための最も見込みのある浄化法であると考えられる。しかし、とりわけ乗用車の場合には、NEDC(「New European Driving Cycle(新欧州走行サイクル)」において生じる浄化されるべき排ガスの温度は、より冷たい範囲へといつもさらにシフトしつつあることが指摘されるべきである。アンモニア還元剤用のソースとしての尿素の計量供給添加は、尿素および排ガス系中の転化生成物の望ましくない堆積を受け入れることなしに180℃からの温度でのみ制御される方法で可能であるので、排ガス温度におけるこの展開の結果、SCR法を、NEDCの「都市部」(ECE)においてもはや効果的に用いることができない。その結果、ECE中の窒素酸化物破過およびそれ故に全NEDC走行サイクルにおける規定のNOx限界を超過する。
・ ゼオライトのまたはゼオライト様化合物の総重量を基準として、1〜10重量%の銅を含有するゼオライトまたはゼオライト様化合物であって、菱弗石、SAPO−34、ALPO−34およびゼオライトβからなる群から選択されるゼオライトまたはゼオライト様化合物;ならびに
・ 酸化バリウム、水酸化バリウム、炭酸バリウム、酸化ストロンチウム、水酸化ストロンチウム、炭酸ストロンチウム、酸化プラセオジム、酸化ランタン、酸化マグネシウム、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物
を含む1つ以上の材料ゾーンからなる触媒活性コーティングからなる、ディーゼルエンジンの排ガスからの窒素酸化物の除去のための触媒によって、
ならびにディーゼルエンジンの排ガスからの窒素酸化物の除去方法であって、浄化されるべき排ガスが1よりも大きい空気比λを有し、そして発明の触媒上に通される方法によって達成される。
(項目1)
長さLの支持体からなり、かつ、
・ ゼオライトのまたはゼオライト様化合物の総重量を基準として、1〜10重量%の銅を含有するゼオライトまたはゼオライト様化合物であって、菱弗石、SAPO−34、ALPO−34およびゼオライトβからなる群から選択されるゼオライトまたはゼオライト様化合物;ならびに
・ 酸化バリウム、水酸化バリウム、炭酸バリウム、酸化ストロンチウム、水酸化ストロンチウム、炭酸ストロンチウム、酸化プラセオジム、酸化ランタン、酸化マグネシウム、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物
を含む1つ以上の材料ゾーンからなる触媒活性コーティングからなる、ディーゼルエンジンの排ガスからの窒素酸化物の除去のための触媒。
(項目2)
前記ゼオライトまたはゼオライト様化合物が、4オングストローム未満の平均中間細孔径を有し、菱弗石、SAPO−34およびALPO−34からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、項目1に記載の触媒。
(項目3)
前記触媒活性コーティングが、酸化セリウムおよび/またはセリウム/ジルコニウム混合酸化物をさらに含むことを特徴とする、項目1または2に記載の触媒。
(項目4)
前記酸化セリウムおよび/またはセリウム/ジルコニウム混合酸化物が、酸化バリウム、水酸化バリウム、炭酸バリウム、酸化ストロンチウム、水酸化ストロンチウム、炭酸ストロンチウム、酸化プラセオジム、酸化ランタン、酸化マグネシウム、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される化合物のための担体酸化物であることを特徴とする、項目3に記載の触媒。
(項目5)
前記触媒活性コーティングが、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、金、銀ならびにそれらの混合物および/または合金からなる群から選択される1つ以上の貴金属をさらに含むことを特徴とする、項目1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
(項目6)
前記触媒活性コーティングが、第1材料ゾーンが前記ゼオライトまたはゼオライト様化合物を含み、一方、酸化バリウム、水酸化バリウム、炭酸バリウム、酸化ストロンチウム、水酸化ストロンチウム、炭酸ストロンチウム、酸化プラセオジム、酸化ランタン、酸化マグネシウム、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される前記化合物が第2材料ゾーンに存在する、2つの材料ゾーンからなることを特徴とする、項目1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒。
(項目7)
前記触媒活性コーティングが、前記第1材料ゾーンが前記ゼオライトまたはゼオライト様化合物を含み、一方、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、金、銀ならびにそれらの混合物および/または合金からなる群から選択される前記貴金属が前記第2材料ゾーンに存在する、2つの材料ゾーンからなることを特徴とする、項目5に記載の触媒。
(項目8)
前記第2材料ゾーンが前記支持体に直接適用されており、そしてその全長さLにわたってそれを覆い、一方、前記第1材料ゾーンが前記第2材料ゾーンに適用されており、そして排ガス側でそれを完全に覆うことを特徴とする、項目6または7に記載の触媒。
(項目9)
前記第2材料ゾーンがインフロー側に、そして前記第1材料ゾーンがアウトフロー側に配置された状態で、前記2つの材料ゾーンが前記排ガスの流れ方向に前記支持体上に連続的に配置されることを特徴とする、項目6または7に記載の触媒。
(項目10)
前記第1材料ゾーンが前記インフロー側に、そして前記第2材料ゾーンが前記アウトフロー側に配置された状態で、前記2つの材料ゾーンが前記排ガスの流れ方向に前記支持体上に連続的に配置されることを特徴とする、項目6または7に記載の触媒。
(項目11)
浄化されるべき前記排ガスが1よりも大きい空気比λを有し、項目1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒上に通されることを特徴とする、ディーゼルエンジンの前記排ガスからの窒素酸化物の除去方法。
(項目12)
アンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解可能な化合物が、前記エンジンと無関係のソースから触媒に入る前の浄化されるべき排ガスへ還元剤として供給されることを特徴とする、項目11に記載の方法。
(項目13)
浄化されるべき前記排ガスが、アンモニアでの窒素酸化物の選択的な接触還元を主として加速させる触媒上にさらに通されることを特徴とする、項目11または12に記載の方法。
(項目14)
項目1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒と、それに対して前記アウトフロー側に配置されたSCR触媒とを含む、項目14に記載の方法を行うための装置。
本発明は、幾つかの図および実施例によって本明細書において以下に詳細に例示される。
本発明の触媒を図1による層触媒の形態で製造した。
45 g/Lのランタンドープアルミニウム/セリウム混合酸化物;
71 g/Lの酸化セリウムドープアルミニウム/マグネシウム混合酸化物;
1.06 g/Lのパラジウム;
36 g/Lの16.67重量%のBaOを添加したセリウム/ジルコニウム混合酸化物;
66 g/Lの酸化セリウム;
27.8 g/Lの3.0重量%の銅と交換されたSAPO−34;
13.9 g/LのLa2O3安定化セリウム/ジルコニウム混合酸化物;
4.6 g/LのLa2O3安定化酸化アルミニウム;
4.6 g/Lの商業的に入手可能なシリカゾルから形成されたSiO2
を含む商業的に入手可能なSCR触媒用のコーティング懸濁液を製造した。この懸濁液を使用して、上記のように一度既にコートされているフローハニカムをもう一度コートした。こうして得られた構成要素を500℃で2時間の継続時間の間乾燥させ、次にか焼した。
使用される比較用触媒は、その組成が実施例1の本発明の触媒における第1材料ゾーン(3a)に相当する商業的に入手可能なSCR触媒であった。比較用触媒の総使用量は、全体触媒の容積を基準として、176g/Lのウォッシュコートであった。本触媒に使用されるフローハニカムは、1平方センチメートル当たり62セル、0.165ミリメートルのセル壁厚さおよび76.2mmの長さを有した。
本発明の触媒および比較用触媒を、NEDC関連温度範囲においてそれらのNOx転化性能に関して試験した。この目的のために、38.1mmの直径を有するドリルコアK1を本発明の触媒から取った。3つのドリルコアVK1、VK2およびVK3を比較用触媒から取った。
VSYS比較系: VK1+VK2
本発明によるSYS試験系: K +VK3。
次の組成のコーティング懸濁液を作った(量は、生じた触媒の容積Lを基準とする)、すなわち、
45 g/Lのランタンドープアルミニウム/セリウム混合酸化物;
71 g/Lの酸化セリウムドープアルミニウム/マグネシウム混合酸化物;
1.06 g/Lのパラジウム;
36 g/Lの16.67重量%のBaOを添加したセリウム/ジルコニウム混合酸化物;
66 g/Lの酸化セリウム;
27.8 g/Lの3.0重量%の銅と交換されたSAPO−34;
13.9 g/LのLa2O3安定化セリウム/ジルコニウム混合酸化物;
4.6 g/LのLa2O3安定化酸化アルミニウム;
4.6 g/Lの商業的に入手可能なシリカゾルから形成されたSiO2。
本発明の触媒を図2b)によるゾーン触媒の形態で製造した。前方の、インフローゾーンの組成物は、実施例1における下方ゾーン(材料ゾーン3b)に相当し、ゾーン容積の1L当たり320gの量で適用された。
本発明の触媒は、ゾーン触媒の形態で製造され、別個の、下流SCR触媒を提供された。
0.77 g/Lの白金;
1.54 g/Lのパラジウム;
53.8 g/Lのランタンドープアルミニウム/セリウム混合酸化物;
93.1 g/Lの酸化セリウムドープアルミニウム/マグネシウム混合酸化物;
74.2 g/Lのセリウム/ジルコニウム/プラセオジム混合酸化物;
70.4 g/Lの9.2重量%のBaOを添加したセリウム/ジルコニウム/ランタン混合酸化物;
26.2 g/Lの13.6重量%のSrOを添加したセリウム/ジルコニウム/プラセオジム混合酸化物。
本発明の触媒を図1による層触媒の形態で製造した。
0.53 g/Lの白金;
1.06 g/Lのパラジウム;
37 g/Lのランタンドープアルミニウム/セリウム混合酸化物;
64 g/Lの酸化セリウムドープアルミニウム/マグネシウム混合酸化物;
51 g/Lのセリウム/ジルコニウム/プラセオジム混合酸化物;
48.4 g/Lの9.2重量%のBaOを添加したセリウム/ジルコニウム/ランタン混合酸化物;
18 g/Lの13.6重量%のSrOを添加したセリウム/ジルコニウム/プラセオジム混合酸化物。
本発明の触媒を図1による層触媒の形態で製造した。
0.35 g/Lの白金;
3.18 g/Lの金;
42 g/Lのランタンドープアルミニウム混合酸化物;
69 g/Lの酸化セリウムドープアルミニウム/マグネシウム混合酸化物;
52 g/Lの酸化セリウム;
36.8 g/Lの15.7重量%のBaOを添加したセリウム/ジルコニウム/ランタン混合酸化物;
16.7 g/Lの5重量%のK2Oを添加したセリウム/ジルコニウム/プラセオジム混合酸化物。
次の組成のコーティング懸濁液を作った(量は、生じた触媒の容積Lを基準とする)、すなわち、
40 g/Lのランタンドープアルミニウム/セリウム混合酸化物;
80 g/Lのランタンドープセリウム/ジルコニウム/プラセオジム混合酸化物;
80 g/Lの酸化セリウム;
133 g/Lの3.0重量%の銅と交換されたSAPO−34;
67 g/LのLa2O3ドープセリウム/ジルコニウム混合酸化物。
実施例7と類似して、ただしこれが、
133 g/Lの3.0重量%の銅と交換されたSAPO−34;および
67 g/LのLa2O3ドープセリウム/ジルコニウム混合酸化物
のみを含んだことを除いて、フローハニカムを単一層でコートした。
実施例7に従って製造された被覆フローハニカム(本明細書において以下K7と言われる)と、比較例2に従って製造された被覆フローハニカム(本明細書において以下VK4と呼ばれる)とを、次の通りNOx転化UNOxに関して実験室モデルガス系で比較した、すなわち、
ガス組成(全段階について一定):
H2O: 5%
O2: 5%
N2: 残り
順化段階:600℃
冷却段階:T=600→150℃
試験段階:T=150℃。
次の組成のコーティング懸濁液を作った(量は、生じた触媒の容積Lを基準とする)、すなわち、
60 g/Lのランタンドープアルミニウム/セリウム混合酸化物;
120 g/Lのランタンドープセリウム/ジルコニウム/プラセオジム混合酸化物;
120 g/Lの酸化セリウム;
100 g/Lの10.0重量%の銅と交換されたゼオライトベータ。
Claims (12)
- 長さLの支持体からなり、かつ、
・ 銅含有化合物であって、該銅含有化合物の総重量を基準として、1〜10重量%の銅を含有し、菱弗石、SAPO−34、ALPO−34およびゼオライトβからなる群から選択される銅含有化合物;
・ 酸化バリウム、水酸化バリウム、炭酸バリウム、酸化ストロンチウム、水酸化ストロンチウム、炭酸ストロンチウム、酸化プラセオジム、酸化ランタン、酸化マグネシウム、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの化合物;ならびに
・ 酸化セリウムおよび/またはセリウム/ジルコニウム混合酸化物であって、酸化バリウム、水酸化バリウム、炭酸バリウム、酸化ストロンチウム、水酸化ストロンチウム、炭酸ストロンチウム、酸化プラセオジム、酸化ランタン、酸化マグネシウム、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される該化合物のための担体酸化物であることを特徴とする酸化セリウムおよび/またはセリウム/ジルコニウム混合酸化物
を含む1つ以上の材料ゾーンからなる触媒活性コーティングからなる、ディーゼルエンジンの排ガスからの窒素酸化物の除去のための触媒。 - 前記銅含有化合物が、4オングストローム未満の平均中間細孔径を有し、菱弗石、SAPO−34およびALPO−34からなる群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒活性コーティングが、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、金、銀ならびにそれらの混合物および/または合金からなる群から選択される1つ以上の貴金属をさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒活性コーティングが、第1材料ゾーンが前記銅含有化合物を含み、一方、酸化バリウム、水酸化バリウム、炭酸バリウム、酸化ストロンチウム、水酸化ストロンチウム、炭酸ストロンチウム、酸化プラセオジム、酸化ランタン、酸化マグネシウム、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合酸化物、アルカリ金属酸化物、アルカリ金属水酸化物、アルカリ金属炭酸塩およびそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される前記化合物が第2材料ゾーンに存在する、2つの材料ゾーンからなることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の触媒。
- 前記触媒活性コーティングが、前記第1材料ゾーンが前記銅含有化合物を含み、一方、白金、パラジウム、ロジウム、イリジウム、ルテニウム、金、銀ならびにそれらの混合物および/または合金からなる群から選択される前記貴金属が前記第2材料ゾーンに存在する、2つの材料ゾーンからなることを特徴とする、請求項3に記載の触媒。
- 前記第2材料ゾーンが前記支持体に直接適用されており、そしてその全長さLにわたってそれを覆い、一方、前記第1材料ゾーンが前記第2材料ゾーンに適用されており、そして排ガス側でそれを完全に覆うことを特徴とする、請求項4または5に記載の触媒。
- 前記第2材料ゾーンがインフロー側に、そして前記第1材料ゾーンがアウトフロー側に配置された状態で、前記2つの材料ゾーンが前記排ガスの流れ方向に前記支持体上に連続的に配置されることを特徴とする、請求項4または5に記載の触媒。
- 前記第1材料ゾーンがインフロー側に、そして前記第2材料ゾーンがアウトフロー側に配置された状態で、前記2つの材料ゾーンが前記排ガスの流れ方向に前記支持体上に連続的に配置されることを特徴とする、請求項4または5に記載の触媒。
- 浄化されるべき排ガスが1よりも大きい空気比λを有し、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の触媒上に通されることを特徴とする、ディーゼルエンジンの排ガスからの窒素酸化物の除去方法。
- アンモニアまたはアンモニアに分解可能な化合物が、前記エンジンと無関係のソースから触媒に入る前の浄化されるべき排ガスへ還元剤として供給されることを特徴とする、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 浄化されるべき前記排ガスが、アンモニアでの窒素酸化物の選択的な接触還元を主として加速させる触媒上にさらに通されることを特徴とする、請求項9または10に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の触媒と、それに対してアウトフロー側に配置されたSCR触媒とを含む、請求項9〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法を行うための装置。
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EP10009478.8A EP2428659B1 (de) | 2010-09-13 | 2010-09-13 | Katalysator zur Entfernung von Stickoxiden aus dem Abgas von Dieselmotoren |
EP10009478.8 | 2010-09-13 | ||
PCT/EP2011/065533 WO2012034922A1 (de) | 2010-09-13 | 2011-09-08 | Katalysator zur entfernung von stickoxiden aus dem abgas von dieselmotoren |
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