JP6173336B2 - Scr触媒を含む基材モノリス - Google Patents
Scr触媒を含む基材モノリス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6173336B2 JP6173336B2 JP2014545364A JP2014545364A JP6173336B2 JP 6173336 B2 JP6173336 B2 JP 6173336B2 JP 2014545364 A JP2014545364 A JP 2014545364A JP 2014545364 A JP2014545364 A JP 2014545364A JP 6173336 B2 JP6173336 B2 JP 6173336B2
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- substrate monolith
- catalyst
- zone
- exhaust system
- scr
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9481—Catalyst preceded by an adsorption device without catalytic function for temporary storage of contaminants, e.g. during cold start
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/10—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained
- B01J2229/18—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself
- B01J2229/186—After treatment, characterised by the effect to be obtained to introduce other elements into or onto the molecular sieve itself not in framework positions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/42—Addition of matrix or binder particles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
- F01N2510/068—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings
- F01N2510/0682—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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Description
NO+1/2O2→NO2 (1);及び
BaO+2NO2+1/2O2→Ba(NO3)2 (2)
であり、式中、反応(1)において、酸化窒素は白金上の活性酸化部位で酸素と反応してNO2を形成する。反応(2)は、無機硝酸塩の形態の貯蔵材料によるNO2の吸蔵を伴う。
Ba(NO3)2→BaO+2NO+3/2O2又はBa(NO3)2
→BaO+2NO2+1/2O2 (3);及び
NO+CO→1/2N2+CO2 (4);
(他の反応は、Ba(NO3)2+8H2→BaO+2NH3+5H2O、続いてNH3+NOx→N2+yH2O又は2NH3+2O2+CO→N2+3H2O+CO2等を包含する)。
4NH3+4NO+O2→4N2+6H2O(すなわち、1:1 NH3:NO)(5)
4NH3+2NO+2NO2→4N2+6H2O(すなわち、1:1 NH3:NOx)(6)
8NH3+6NO2→7N2+12H2O(すなわち、4:3 NH3:NOx)(7)
2NH3+2NO2→N2O+3H2O+N2 (8)
である。
4NH3+5O2→4NO+6H2O (9)
市販のベータゼオライトを、Fe(NO3)3の水溶液に撹拌しながら添加した。混合した後、結合剤及びレオロジー改質剤を添加して、ウォッシュコート組成物を形成した。
脱イオン水中、比較的高い粒径分布に粉砕したアルミナ粒子、硝酸白金、結合剤及びレオロジー改質剤の混合物を含むウォッシュコート組成物を調製した。チタン酸アルミニウムウォールフローフィルタを、0.2g/in3のウォッシュコート負荷から5g/ft−3までの総計Pt負荷の触媒組成物で、出願人/譲受人の国際公開第2011/080525号パンフレットにおいて開示されている方法及び装置を使用してコーティングし、ここで、上流側への配向が意図されている第一端のチャネルは、それらの全長の75%にわたり、意図されているその上流端から硝酸白金及び粒子状アルミナを含むウォッシュコートでコーティングし;反対端にあって下流側へ配向されることが意図されているチャネルは、それらの全長の25%にわたり、入口チャネルと同じウォッシュコートでコーティングする。すなわち、前記方法は、(i)ハニカムモノリス基材を実質的に縦方向に把持するステップと、(ii)所定体積の液体を、基材の下端にあるチャネルの開口端を介して基材に導入するステップと、(iii)導入された液体を基材内に密封して保持するステップと、(iv)保持された液体を含有する基材を裏返しにするステップと、(v)基材の裏返しになった下端にある基材のチャネルの開口端に真空を印加して、基材のチャネルに沿って液体を取り込むステップとを含むものであった。触媒組成物をフィルタチャネル上に第一端からコーティングし、その後、コーティングされたフィルタを乾燥させた。次いで、第一端からコーティングされた乾燥したフィルタの方向を変え、前記方法を繰り返して同じ触媒を第二端からフィルタチャネルまでコーティングし、続いて乾燥させ、焼成した。
コーティングされたフィルタは、フィルタの入口チャネル及び出口チャネルの両方に適用されたウォッシュコートが、硝酸白金に加えて硝酸パラジウムを包含していたことを除き、比較例2と同じ方法を使用して調製した。入口及び出口チャネルにおけるウォッシュコート負荷は、入口表面及び出口表面の両方において5g/ft3のPt、5g/ft3のPdの負荷、すなわち、10g/ft3の全PGM負荷に達するような手法で行った。
コーティングされたフィルタは、フィルタの入口チャネル及び出口チャネルの両方に適用されたウォッシュコートが、硝酸白金に加えて硝酸パラジウムを包含していたことを除き、比較例2と同じ方法を使用して調製した。入口及び出口チャネルにおけるウォッシュコート負荷は、入口表面及び出口表面の両方において5g/ft3のPt、1g/ft3のPd負荷、すなわち、6g/ft3の全PGM負荷に達するような手法で行った。
図2において例証されている第一の合成触媒活性試験(SCAT)実験室反応器に対して試験を実施し、ここでは、実施例1のコーティングされたFe/ベータゼオライトSCR触媒のフレッシュなコアを、比較例2又は実施例3もしくは4の触媒化されたウォールフローフィルタのいずれかのコアの下流の導管内に配置した。合成ガス混合物を、30,000hr−1の触媒掃引体積(catalyst swept volume)で導管を通過させた。炉を使用して、定常温度の触媒化されたウォールフローフィルタ試料を、900℃のフィルタ入口温度で60分間加熱し(又は「エージング」させ)、その間、入口SCR触媒温度は300℃を使用した。空気(熱交換器)又は水冷却機構を使用して、フィルタとSCR触媒との間の温度降下を達成した。エージング中のガス混合物は、10%のO2、6%のH2O、6%のCO2、100ppmのCO、400ppmのNO、100ppmのHCをC1として、バランスN2であった。
市販のアルミノケイ酸塩CHAゼオライトを、Cu(NO3)2の水溶液に撹拌しながら添加した。スラリーを濾過し、次いで洗浄し、乾燥させた。所望の金属負荷を実現するために、手順を繰り返してよい。最終生成物を焼成した。混合した後、結合剤及びレオロジー改質剤を添加して、ウォッシュコート組成物を形成した。
2つのディーゼル酸化触媒を次の通りに調製した。
単層DOCを次の通りに調製した。硝酸白金及び硝酸パラジウムを、シリカ−アルミナのスラリーに添加した。ベータゼオライトをスラリーに添加して、スラリーが固体含有量の30質量%未満をゼオライトとして含むようにした。ウォッシュコートスラリーを、上記の実施例1の方法を使用して、400cpsiのフロースルー基材に投入した。投入された部分を乾燥させ、次いで500℃で焼成した。ウォッシュコートコーティング中の全白金族金属負荷は60gft−3であり、全Pt:Pd重量比は4:1であった。直径1インチ(2.54cm)×長さ3インチ(7.62cm)のコアを完成品から切り取った。得られた部分を「フレッシュ」、すなわちエージングされていないと記述する場合がある。
単層DOCを次の通りに調製した。硝酸白金及び硝酸パラジウムを、シリカ−アルミナのスラリーに添加した。ベータゼオライトをスラリーに添加して、スラリーが固体含有量の30質量%未満をゼオライトとして含むようにした。ウォッシュコートスラリーを、DOC Aについて使用したのと同じ方法を使用して、400cpsiのフロースルー基材に投入した。投入された部分を乾燥させ、次いで500℃で焼成した。単層DOC中の全PGM負荷は120g/ft3であり、Pt:Pd重量比は2:1であった。直径1インチ(2.54cm)×長さ3インチ(7.62cm)のコアを完成品から切り取った。得られた部分を「フレッシュ」、すなわちエージングされていないと記述する場合がある。
図2において例証されている第一の合成触媒活性試験(SCAT)実験室反応器に対して試験を実施し、ここでは、実施例10のコーティングされたCu/CHAゼオライトSCR触媒のエージングされたコアを、ディーゼル酸化触媒(DOC)A又はBのいずれかのコア(実施例7による)の下流の導管内に配置した。合成ガス混合物を、毎分6リットルの速度で導管を通過させた。炉を使用して、定常温度のDOC試料を、900℃の触媒出口温度で2時間加熱した(又は「エージング」させた)。SCR触媒をDOC試料の下流に配置し、炉出口とSCR入口との間のチューブの長さを調整することによって、エージングプロセス中300℃の触媒温度で把持したが、水冷式熱交換器ジャケットを適宜使用してもよい。温度は、適切に位置決めされた熱電対(T1及びT2)を使用して決定した。エージング中に使用したガス混合物は、40%の空気、50%のN2、10%のH2Oであった。
全体として捉えると、実施例3及び4ならびに比較例2との関連で図3において示されている実施例5の結果は、触媒を含有する白金族金属から下流SCR触媒への、白金族金属、主に白金の揮発によるNOx変換活性喪失の問題を低減させる上で、1:1から5:1の間のPt:Pd重量比が有益であることを指示するものである。
Claims (16)
- 自動車のリーンバーン内燃エンジン用の排気システムであって、
(i)触媒化基材モノリス;及び
(ii)長さLを有する基材モノリスにおいて、該基材モノリスの第一端によって一端に形成された実質的に均一な長さの第一ゾーンであって、内燃エンジンから放出された排ガス中の窒素の酸化物を窒素性還元剤で還元するための選択的接触還元(SCR)触媒を含む第一ゾーンと、該基材モノリスの第二端によって一端に形成されたL未満の実質的に均一な長さの第二ゾーンであって、気相白金族金属(PGM)を捕捉するための、安定化されていてもよいアルミナ、非晶質シリカ−アルミナ、安定化されていてもよいジルコニア、チタニア及びそれらの任意の二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択され、他のいかなる触媒成分に対しても担体として作用しない、少なくとも一種の粒子状金属酸化物又はそれらの任意の二種以上の混合物からなる第二ゾーンとを含む基材モノリス;
を備え、
触媒化基材モノリスが、基材モノリスの上流に配されている少なくとも一種の白金族金属(PGM)を含む触媒を含み、基材モノリスの第二端が上流側に配向され、前記少なくとも一種の白金族金属(PGM)を含む触媒が、白金(Pt)及びパラジウム(Pd)の両方を、Pt:Pd≧1.25:1の重量比で含む、排気システム。 - 触媒が、2:1から1.25:1までのPt:Pdの重量比を含む、請求項1に記載の排気システム。
- 第一ゾーンが長さLの全体にわたって延び、第二ゾーンが第一ゾーンの上を覆う、請求項1又は2に記載の排気システム。
- 第一ゾーン中のSCR触媒が、基材モノリス上にコーティングとして存在する、請求項3に記載の排気システム。
- 第一ゾーン中の前記SCR触媒が、L未満の実質的に均一な長さの前記基材モノリス上にコーティングとして存在し、前記第一ゾーンと前記第二ゾーンとの間に実質的にオーバーラップがない、請求項1又は2に記載の排気システム。
- 基材モノリスが、入口表面と出口表面を有する濾過基材モノリスであり、前記入口表面が多孔質構造によって前記出口表面から分離されている、請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の排気システム。
- 前記濾過基材モノリスがウォールフローフィルタで、前記SCR触媒が前記ウォールフローフィルタの第一端の開口チャネル内に配され、前記第二ゾーンがその第二端の開口チャネル内に配されており、前記多孔質構造が、前記第一のゾーンと前記第二のゾーンとの間の遷移を画定する、請求項6に記載の排気システム。
- 前記少なくとも一種の白金族金属(PGM)を含む触媒が、ディーゼル酸化触媒又はNOx吸収体触媒である、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
- 前記触媒化基材モノリスの前記基材モノリスが、濾過基材モノリスである、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の排気システム。
- 前記濾過基材モノリスがウォールフローフィルタである、請求項9に記載の排気システム。
- 前記触媒化基材モノリスと前記SCR触媒を含む基材モノリスとの間に、アンモニア又はその前駆体を注入するための手段を備える、請求項1から10のいずれか一項記載の排気システム。
- 請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の排気システムを備える、リーンバーン内燃エンジン。
- 請求項12に記載の圧縮点火エンジン。
- 使用する際に、アンモニアをその場で発生させるために前記フィルタをリッチ化された排ガスと接触させるように配設されているエンジン管理手段を備える、請求項12又は13に記載のエンジン。
- 請求項12、13又は14に記載のエンジンを備える自動車。
- リーンバーン内燃エンジンの排気システム内の内燃エンジンから放出された排ガス中の窒素の酸化物を窒素性還元剤で還元するための選択的接触還元(SCR)触媒を、白金族金属(PGM)が被毒させるのを低減させる又は防止する方法であって、前記白金族金属(PGM)は、リーンバーン内燃エンジンの排気システムの触媒化基材モノリス上に存在し、使用する際に揮発し、かつ前記SCR触媒を含む基材モノリスの表面に移動する傾向があり、前記基材モノリスは、白金(Pt)及びパラジウム(Pd)の両方を、Pt:Pd≧1.25:1の重量比で含む前記触媒化基材モノリスの下流に配されており、前記基材モノリスは長さLを有し、前記基材モノリスの第一端によって一端に形成された実質的に均一な長さの第一ゾーンであって、内燃エンジンから放出された排ガス中の窒素の酸化物を窒素性還元剤で還元するための選択的接触還元(SCR)触媒を含む前記第一ゾーンと、前記基材モノリスの第二端によって一端に形成されたL未満の実質的に均一な長さの第二ゾーンであって、気相白金族金属(PGM)を捕捉するための、安定化されていてもよいアルミナ、非晶質シリカ−アルミナ、安定化されていてもよいジルコニア、チタニア及びそれらの任意の二種以上の混合物からなる群から選択され、他のいかなる触媒成分に対しても担体として作用しない、少なくとも一種の粒子状金属酸化物又はそれらの任意の二種以上の混合物からなる前記第二ゾーンとを含み、白金族金属(PGM)を前記第二ゾーン中で捕捉及び/又は合金化するステップを含む方法。
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GBGB1200783.7A GB201200783D0 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2012-01-18 | Substrate monolith comprising SCR catalyst |
PCT/GB2012/053083 WO2013088129A2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2012-12-11 | Substrate monolith comprising scr catalyst |
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GB201200781D0 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2012-02-29 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Exhaust system for a lean-burn ic engine comprising a pgm component and a scr catalyst |
GB2497597A (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2013-06-19 | Johnson Matthey Plc | A Catalysed Substrate Monolith with Two Wash-Coats |
GB201200784D0 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2012-02-29 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Exhaust system for a lean-burn internal combustion engine including SCR catalyst |
GB2513364B (en) * | 2013-04-24 | 2019-06-19 | Johnson Matthey Plc | Positive ignition engine and exhaust system comprising catalysed zone-coated filter substrate |
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JP2015505723A (ja) | 2015-02-26 |
US9333461B2 (en) | 2016-05-10 |
EP2790826A2 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
CN103974768B (zh) | 2016-06-29 |
GB2497656A (en) | 2013-06-19 |
WO2013088129A2 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
BR112014013233A2 (pt) | 2017-06-13 |
CN103974768A (zh) | 2014-08-06 |
RU2608998C2 (ru) | 2017-01-30 |
WO2013088129A3 (en) | 2013-12-27 |
DE102012222804A1 (de) | 2013-06-27 |
GB201222229D0 (en) | 2013-01-23 |
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