JP5584202B2 - 固溶体穿孔器パッチの製造方法及びその使用 - Google Patents
固溶体穿孔器パッチの製造方法及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
図1A〜図1Cは、上下表面を有するホール規定プレート12と、選択的支持プレート13と、鋭いニードル14と、マイクロニードルの長さを決定するためのスペーサ15と、ニードルチップ配列プレート16とを備えたモールド11を作製するためのポジマイクロニードルアレイマスターの横断面を示す。
マトリックス物質を含み、選択された薬物または薬物充填粒子を含む液体溶液(liquid solution)は、前記PDMSのようなネガモールドにキャスト及び乾燥される。前記液体溶液の粘着性と、他の物理的・化学的特性によって遠心力、真空力、または圧縮力のような追加の力が選択的に高い温度を有するモールドを満たすために使用可能である。液体溶液を形成するために、溶媒は、空気乾燥、真空乾燥、凍結乾燥、対流式オーブン乾燥方式で乾燥されたり、または他のすべての適合した乾燥方式で乾燥できる。持続的な大量生産のために、PDMSシリコンを含む柔軟なプラスチックが効果的に使用可能である。図2Cに示すように、ネガモールドのキャビティチップは開放されており(206)、持続的な生成のために配列されている。チップが開いているため、底部からの真空または上部からの外部圧力によりキャビティが液体溶液で容易に満たされやすくなる。図2Dに示すように、ゲルが注ぎ込まれ(207)、キャスト及び圧迫され(208)、選択的に真空化された(209)後、乾燥される(210)。完全に乾燥されると、低価格のプラスチックモールドまたはシリコンモールドがパッケージング物質として使用可能である。マイクロニードル及びモールドとも、使用時まで切断され結合可能である。
本願に開示された方法を用いて作製されたパッチは、好ましくは、注入装置(塗布器)を用いて皮膚に適用される。図3Aは、ばね駆動塗布器を用いたパッチ適用を示す。固体溶液パッチが備えられたカートリッジ301は、圧縮ばねを備えた塗布器上に装着可能であり、これは、結果的に、ばねトリガー303を備える圧縮ばね装着塗布器302となる。このような実施例では、ユーザが自分一人でマイクロニードルパッチを投与することができる。カートリッジの閉塞的な平らな形態は、貯蔵と運搬において体積を減少させるという利点がある。平らな形態のカートリッジの内部において、塗布器のピストンは、皮膚に置かれたパッチを打撃し、打撃力または衝撃エネルギーを極大化させ、SSPが持続的にターゲットの皮膚を貫通するのに寄与する。前記カートリッジは、使用時までSSPを周辺環境から物理的及び化学的に保護することができる。破裂または裂けやすいフィルムまたは膜がカートリッジ内のSSPを保護することができる。平らなカートリッジが用いられる実施例において、マイクロニードルは、皮膚と接触したり近づいて配置された後、塗布器のピストン部分は、マイクロニードルアレイが皮膚を打撃させる。このようなマイクロニードル挿入メカニズムは、マイクロニードルとターゲットの皮膚との間隔が広く確保された状態でマイクロニードルを皮膚上に配置させる場合と同一またはそれより良い。
図4は、クリーム及び/またはローションを含む調製されたゲルを備えたパッチ適用の他の例を示す。前記調製されたゲルは、適用に応じてSSP内の活性成分と同一または異なる1つまたはそれ以上の活性成分を含むことができる。前記調製されたゲルは、加湿添加剤、アンチ刺激剤(anti−irritant)または抗菌剤のような皮膚に良い物質(エージェント)を含むことができる。このような実施例40では、調製されたゲル42がパッチの適用に先立ってターゲットの皮膚43に適用される。予め処理された皮膚にパッチを適用することが44に示されている。45及び46では、パッチが皮膚に適用され、SSPが溶解した後、調製されたゲルがその位置43に適用される。この場合、ゲル内の活性成分は、パッチの挿入及び溶解により生成された穴を通して送達可能である。
SSP穿孔器は、ポジマスターにより予め決定された直線型または細長いシャフトを有することができ、円錐状、ピラミッド状、ウェッジ(wedge)、またはブレードにもなり得る。好ましい実施例において、SSP穿孔器の外径は、基底または2番目の端部で最も大きい約1〜2000μmであり、1番目の端部近くの穿孔器の外径は、好ましくは1〜100μmである。SSP穿孔器の長さは、一般的に、10〜5000μmの範囲にあり、より好ましくは100〜2000μmの範囲内にある。皮膚は、滑らかな表面ではなく、微視的に起伏のある表面であり、多様な深さを有している。さらに、角質層の厚さ及び皮膚の弾力性は、人によって、またはすべての特定の人体部位によって異なる。好ましい貫通深さは、効果的な薬物送達と相対的な無痛症及び無血性(bloodless)貫通のために、1つの値を有するよりは一定の範囲を有する。SSP穿孔器の貫通深さは、苦痛と送達の効率性に影響を及ぼし得る。特定の実施例において、穿孔器は10〜1000μmの範囲の深さに貫通する。経皮的適用において、SSPの「貫通深さ」は、好ましくは500μm以下であって、角質層を通して皮膚に挿入された穿孔器が表皮を通過しないようにする。これは、神経と血管との接触を避けるための最適な方法である。この適用において、皮膚の弾性力と荒い表面のために、SSPシステムに関連する基底層が皮膚中に完全に挿入されない可能性があることから、SSP穿孔器の実際の長さはより長くなり得る。
SSPパッチシステムは、選択的に液体型またはゲル型の2番目の薬物を含有するリザーバ及び前記リザーバ表面の少なくとも一部門から延びる1つまたはそれ以上の穿孔器を備える。前記パッチシステムに関連するSSP穿孔器は、経皮的薬物の投与を増進させ、即刻的な薬物送達のために皮膚の角質層を貫通する。基底層に薬物が分散されると、基底層からの一貫した薬物送達は、裏打ちフィルムを用いて達成できる。パッチシステムにおいて、SSP穿孔器及びリザーバは、単一ユニットまたは独立したユニットで構成可能である。
送達される薬物は、タンパク質、ペプチド、ヌクレオチド、DNA、RNA、siRNA、遺伝子、多糖類、及び合成有機及び無機化合物になり得る。代表的なエージェントは、抗感染薬、ホルモン、成長抑制剤、心臓活動または血流調整薬物、及び鎮痛薬物などを含むが、これらに限定されない。前記薬物は、ワクチンまたは局所的治療用または部位的または全身的治療療法用となり得る。
他の重要な適用は、ワクチンとアレルギーを治療及び予防することである。皮膚は、ランゲルハンス及び真皮樹状細胞のような抗原提示細胞(antigen presenting cells)のネットワークを含むため、効果的なワクチン送達のための理想的な場所となる。皮膚免疫のためのSSPシステムは、ワクチン服用量を減らし、皮膚樹状細胞への迅速な送達を誘導し、より良いワクチンのためのデポーシステム(depot system)を提供することができる。SSPシステムは、多価ワクチン(multivalent vaccines)用として容易に設計でき、運搬と貯蔵において液体形態のワクチンよりさらに良い安定性を提供することができる。
次は、本発明を実施するための具体的な実施例である。例示は単に説明のためのものであって、どの場合においても、本発明の範囲を限定するためのものではない。
図1Dに示すように、フォトリソグラフィでパターン化されたフォトレジストフィルム上のホールを介した化学的エッチングによりガラスにホールが生成され、鍼術用ニードルはホール114を通して配列された。ホールを通過したニードルのチップが示されている。PDMSがこの面に注ぎ込まれて一晩中硬化された。8%のメチルセルロースナトリウムヒドロゲルがこのシリコンモールド上に注ぎ込まれ、5分間、3000rpmで遠心分離された。遠心分離後、前記ヒドロゲルは、一日中乾燥され、モールドから分離された。図5は、セルロースからなる溶解性マイクロニードルのイメージである。CNCプロファイル形成研削技術で作られた別のマイクロモールドは、図1Fに示されている。
圧縮実験は力ゲージ(NexyGen DF series)を用いて実行され、マイクロニードルが折れるまで適用された円錐状の圧縮力が測定された。実験サンプルは、多様な糖分誘導体及びカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(SCMC)が用意された。8%SCMCは蒸留水(DI water)と混合した。300rpmで蒸留水10ml内でSCMCを完全に溶解させる溶解時間が測定された。保持された8%SCMCヒドロゲルに糖分誘導体が添加されたため、結果は重量において正常化された。結果は表1に示されている。
ニキビを治療するために、ニキビゲルの適用後に過酸化ベンゾイルマイクロニードルパッチが適用された。ニキビの重症度は、マイクロニードルパッチ及びゲル治療後、非常にそして速い速度で低減した。図6に示すように、前記組み合わせトリートメントは、マイクロニードルパッチよりさらに効果的であることがわかった。治療されたニキビ部位は、すべてのトリートメント後、柔らかくて滑らかになった。前記組み合わせトリートメントは実用的である。例えば、SSPは夜に適用可能であり、昼間にはゲルが適用可能である。
2つのキャストステップが次のように行われた。まず、ゲルを含むマイクロ粒子がモールド上で回転し、キャビティ内にあるゲルは放置し、キャビティの外部にあるゲルは直ちに除去された。2番目のコーティングでは、マイクロ粒子のない添加剤からなるゲルがワクチン層に添加された。マイクロ粒子の量は、1番目のレイヤゲルにあるその濃度及びパッチにあるキャビティの総体積により決定された。
シリコン内に真空を形成するために、シリコンモールドが27インチHgの真空下に置かれた。その後、モールドに10%ラクトースを含むSCMCゲルがコーティングされた。ゲル層の下の円錐状のキャビティ内部の空気がシリコンボディーから徐々に除去され、それと同時に、モールドにあるSCMCゲルはキャビティ内に引っ張られ、結局、キャビティチップまですべて満たされた。同様の実験に蒸留水が使用された。実験的なパラメータと結果は下記のとおりである。
Claims (26)
- (a)上下表面を含む規定プレート内にマイクロニードルを配置し、前記マイクロニードルが、所定距離だけ互いに離隔され、前記マイクロニードルの先端を、規定プレートの底部から突出させる方式でポジマスターモールドを用意し、
(b)前記ポジマスターモールドと同一の表面輪郭を有するネガモールドを生成するために、前記ポジマスターモールド上にキャスト可能な物質をキャストする方式で、又は前記ポジマスターモールドを硬化性ゲルまたは熱可塑性物質に浸す方式でネガモールドを用意し、
(c)マイクロニードルアレイを形成するために、前記ネガモールドに溶解性ポリマーを添加し、
(d)前記マイクロニードルアレイを乾燥させることを含み、
前記ポジマスターモールドの前記マイクロニードルの各々は、端部を研磨したワイヤ、または、鋭利にしたワイヤを配置することによって作製されており、
前記規定プレート内の各ニードルの長さを、各ニードルを所望の距離だけ前記規定プレートを通過させるアクチュエータメカニズムを用いて調整することを特徴とするマイクロニードルアレイの製造方法。 - 前記規定プレートに配置されたすべてのマイクロニードルが、前記規定プレートの底部から同じ距離だけ突出させることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記規定プレートに配置されたマイクロニードルの少なくとも1つが、他のマイクロニードルと異なる距離だけ前記規定プレートの底部から突出させることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロニードルの先端が、ストップウォールを用いて前記規定プレートから好適な距離に配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロニードルの先端が、前記規定プレート内の傾斜度を有するホールを用いて配置されていることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記硬化性ゲルまたはキャスト可能な物質が、非硬化性シリコンからなることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記硬化性ゲルまたはキャスト可能な物質が、ポリジメチルシロキサン(PDMS)からなることを特徴とする、請求項1〜5の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記溶解性ポリマーが、ヒドロゲルからなることを特徴とする、請求項1〜7の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロゲルが、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(SCMC)を含むことを特徴とする、請求項8に記載の方法。
- 選択された薬物が、前記ネガモールドに添加されることを特徴とする、請求項1〜9の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ネガモールドを前記溶解性ポリマー及び/または選択された薬物で満たすために、前記ネガモールドに真空、遠心分離、または圧縮力を適用することをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜10の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ネガモールドから乾燥されたマイクロアレイを分離することをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜11の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- (a)複数のマイクロニードルを規定するために、所定角度で所定方向に金属または成型用プレートをドリリング、ミリング、または研削する方式でポジマスターモールドを用意し、
(b)前記ポジマスターモールド上にキャスト可能な物質をキャストする方式で、又は前記ポジマスターモールドを硬化性ゲルまたは熱可塑性物質に浸す方式でポジマスターモールドのような表面輪郭を有するネガモールドを用意し、
(c)前記ネガモールドに溶解性ポリマーを添加してマイクロニードルアレイを形成し、
(d)前記マイクロニードルアレイを乾燥させることを含み、
前記ポジマスターモールドにおいて、前記プレートによって規定されている前記マイクロニードルの各々は、端部を研磨したワイヤ、または、鋭利にしたワイヤを配置することによって作製されており、
前記プレート内の各ニードルの長さを、各ニードルを所望の距離だけ前記プレートを通過させるアクチュエータメカニズムを用いて調整することを特徴とする、マイクロニードルアレイの製造方法。 - 前記ドリリング、ミリングまたは研削が、精密機械加工を用いて行われることを特徴とする、請求項13に記載の方法。
- 前記ドリリング、ミリングまたは研削が、CNC(Computer Numerical Control)ミリング、研削またはドリリングを用いて行われることを特徴とする、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記硬化性ゲルまたはキャスト可能な物質が、非硬化性シリコンであることを特徴とする、請求項13〜15の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記硬化性ゲルまたはキャスト可能な物質が、ポリジメチルシロキサンであることを特徴とする、請求項13〜15の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記溶解性ポリマーが、ヒドロゲルであることを特徴とする、請求項13〜17の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ヒドロゲルは、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(SCMC)を含むことを特徴とする、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 選択された薬物は、前記ネガモールドに添加されることを特徴とする、請求項13〜19の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロニードルアレイの前記マイクロニードル間に接着層をキャストすることをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜20の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記マイクロニードルアレイに柔軟でネバネバしたレイヤをキャストすることをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜20の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ネガモールドにビタミンCを添加することをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜22の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ネガモールドの前記マイクロニードルチップにマイクロホールを形成することをさらに含むことを特徴とする、請求項1〜22の何れか一項に記載の方法。
- (a)請求項1〜24の何れか一項によりマイクロニードルアレイを製造し、
(b)皮膚への送達のために、カートリッジ内に製造されたマイクロニードルアレイを装着することを含むことを特徴とする、マイクロニードルアレイシステムの製造方法。 - 前記カートリッジが、注射器と結合することを特徴とする、請求項25に記載の方法。
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2009
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- 2009-05-21 CA CA2728400A patent/CA2728400C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-05-21 KR KR1020107028780A patent/KR101383285B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
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KR20110025921A (ko) | 2011-03-14 |
KR101383285B1 (ko) | 2014-04-08 |
CN102105108A (zh) | 2011-06-22 |
EP2296557A4 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
CA2728400A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
US9381680B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
CN102105108B (zh) | 2013-12-04 |
US20110121486A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
EP2296557B1 (en) | 2018-07-11 |
CA2728400C (en) | 2014-03-25 |
ES2687258T3 (es) | 2018-10-24 |
JP2011520550A (ja) | 2011-07-21 |
AU2009249610B2 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
WO2009142741A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
AU2009249610A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
EP2296557A1 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
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