JP5021910B2 - 改質された無機物,複合電解質膜,及び燃料電池 - Google Patents
改質された無機物,複合電解質膜,及び燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5021910B2 JP5021910B2 JP2005176146A JP2005176146A JP5021910B2 JP 5021910 B2 JP5021910 B2 JP 5021910B2 JP 2005176146 A JP2005176146 A JP 2005176146A JP 2005176146 A JP2005176146 A JP 2005176146A JP 5021910 B2 JP5021910 B2 JP 5021910B2
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- electrolyte membrane
- hydrogen
- inorganic material
- inorganic substance
- modified inorganic
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron Chemical compound [H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 sulfonic acid cation Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052783 alkali metal Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006277 sulfonation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 61
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 159
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 54
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 36
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 13
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000003961 organosilicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 8
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- HCZBMENVWKFZDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethylsilylpropane-1-thiol Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)CCCS HCZBMENVWKFZDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010306 acid treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001600 hydrophobic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002940 repellent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001519 homopolymer Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru].[Pt] CFQCIHVMOFOCGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium(IV) isopropoxide Chemical compound CC(C)O[Ti](OC(C)C)(OC(C)C)OC(C)C VXUYXOFXAQZZMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SUTQSIHGGHVXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,2-trifluoroethenylbenzene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C1=CC=CC=C1 SUTQSIHGGHVXFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethynyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C#C)C(OC)=C1 IVORCBKUUYGUOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical group OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910002849 PtRu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFGNMIXRKUKEOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg+]C.CC(C)(C)[O-] Chemical compound [Mg+]C.CC(C)(C)[O-] OFGNMIXRKUKEOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical group [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [Zr+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] BSDOQSMQCZQLDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N captafol Chemical group C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000816 ethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005462 imide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012702 metal oxide precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical group CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002892 organic cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004375 physisorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000565 sulfonamide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04197—Preventing means for fuel crossover
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/002—Inorganic electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
Description
以下に,本発明の第1の実施形態にかかる改質された無機物について説明する。
界面活性剤として3−メルカプトプロピルトリメチルシラン,そしてアルミナ前駆体としてアルミニウムトリ−二次−ブトキシドを使用した。3−メルカプトプロピルトリメチルシラン5gとアルミニウムトリ−二次−ブトキシド10gとを混合して,均一した溶液となるようにした。この溶液に蒸溜水20gを徐々に添加した。この溶液を攪拌し続けて,ゲル状態の反応混合物を得た。この反応混合物をテフロン(登録商標)(ポリ四フッ化エチレン)オートクレーブに入れた後,100℃で24時間水熱合成した。
実施例1で製造された改質されたアルミナについてXRD分析を実施し,その結果((C)で表示されている)を図2に示した。図2は,米国サイテック社のベーム石についてのXRDパターン((A)で表示されている)と,実施例1で得た酸化された沈殿物についてのXRDパターン((B)で表示されている)とを共に示している。
界面活性剤として3−メルカプトプロピルトリメチルシラン,そしてアルミナ粉末としてサイテック社のベーム石を使用した。3−メルカプトプロピルトリメチルシラン5g,ベーム石10g及び蒸溜水20gを混合して,均一した分散液となるようにした。このように得た反応混合物をテフロン(登録商標)オートクレーブに入れた後,100℃で24時間水熱合成した。
図3は,実施例2で製造された改質されたアルミナについてのXPS分析結果である。図3において,−SHの結合エネルギーに該当するピークが表れておらず,−SO3Hの結合エネルギーに該当するピークが表れている。
本実施例3では,充填剤として実施例1で得た改質されたアルミナ,そして水素イオン伝導性のポリマーとしてナフィオン(デュポン社の過フッ化スルホン酸系のポリマー5重量%水の分散液)を使用した。実施例1の改質されたアルミナ0.03gとナフィオン水の分散液20gとをよく混合した後,テフロン(登録商標)オートクレーブに投入した後,90℃の温度及び80psiの圧力で24時間還流させた。このように得た組成物を型に入れた後,130℃のオーブンで4時間加熱することによって,複合電解質膜を製造した。この複合電解質膜の厚さは,150μmであった。
本実施例4では,電解質膜として実施例3の複合電解質膜を採用した燃料電池を製造した。本実施例の燃料電池に採用されたアノードには,PtRu合金触媒が使われ,カソードには,Pt触媒が使われた。アノード,カソード及び実施例2の複合電解質膜を,120℃の温度で5MPaの圧力で接合させてMEAを製造した。
比較例として,改質されていないアルミナファイバを充填剤として使用した複合電解質膜を採用した燃料電池を製作した。
実施例4及び比較例の燃料電池のアノードとカソードに,それぞれ燃料供給用の分離板と酸化剤供給用の分離板とを付着させた後,単位電池性能を測定した。作動条件は,次の通りである。燃料として8重量%メタノール水溶液3ml/min,酸化剤として空気50ml/min,作動温度50℃。実施例4及び比較例の燃料電池の性能を図4に示した。
20 アノード
21 アノード触媒層
22 アノード拡散層
30 カソード
31 カソード触媒層
32 カソード拡散層
40,50 分離板
Claims (8)
- 無機物と;
前記無機物と水素結合、化学吸着又は物理吸着しているスルホン酸系の陽イオン交換体と;
を含み、
前記スルホン酸系の陽イオン交換体は、少なくとも1つの−SO3X基及び少なくとも一つの水素結合性の部位を有する有機化合物であり、
前記Xは、水素またはアルカリ金属であり、
水素イオン伝導性の高分子マトリックス中に分散されていることを特徴とする、改質された無機物。 - 1mmol/g〜3mmol/gのイオン交換容量を有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の改質された無機物。
- 20nm〜200nmの平均粒径を有することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の改質された無機物。
- 前記無機物は、酸化物系列の無機化合物であることを特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の改質された無機物。
- −SHを有する界面活性剤、無機物前駆体及び水を含有する混合物を水熱合成して沈殿物を生成する工程と;
前記沈殿物を酸化剤で酸化する工程と;
前記酸化された沈殿物をスルホン化する工程と;
を含み、
前記スルホン化する工程で得られたスルホン酸系の陽イオン交換体は、無機物と水素結合、化学吸着又は物理吸着していて、少なくとも1つの−SO3X基及び少なくとも一つの水素結合性の部位を有する有機化合物であり、
前記Xは、水素またはアルカリ金属であり、
水素イオン伝導性の高分子マトリックス中に分散されていることを特徴とする、改質された無機物の製造方法。 - −SHを有する界面活性剤、無機物及び水を含有する混合物を水熱合成する工程と;
前記水熱合成工程を経た無機物をスルホン化する工程と;
を含み、
前記スルホン化する工程で得られたスルホン酸系の陽イオン交換体は、無機物と水素結合、化学吸着又は物理吸着していて、少なくとも1つの−SO 3 X基及び少なくとも一つの水素結合性の部位を有する有機化合物であり、
前記Xは、水素またはアルカリ金属であり、
水素イオン伝導性の高分子マトリックス中に分散されていることを特徴とする、改質された無機物の製造方法。 - 水素イオン伝導性の高分子マトリックスと;
前記水素イオン伝導性の高分子マトリックス中に分散されている、請求項1〜4のうちいずれか1項に記載の改質された無機物と;
を含むことを特徴とする、複合電解質膜。 - カソードと、アノードと、電解質膜とを備える燃料電池において:
前記電解質膜が、請求項7に記載の複合電解質膜であることを特徴とする、燃料電池。
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KR1020040045026A KR100708646B1 (ko) | 2004-06-17 | 2004-06-17 | 양이온 교환 능력을 갖는 개질된 무기물 , 이를 포함하는복합전해질막, 및 이를 채용한 연료전지 |
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CN101297377A (zh) * | 2005-08-19 | 2008-10-29 | 国立大学法人东京大学 | 质子导电性杂化材料和使用其的用于燃料电池的催化剂层 |
KR100858078B1 (ko) * | 2006-10-04 | 2008-09-10 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 프로톤 전도성기가 결합된 무기 나노입자 및 고체산을포함하는 고분자 전해질막 및 그 제조방법 |
JP5416892B2 (ja) * | 2007-08-10 | 2014-02-12 | 国立大学法人 東京大学 | 有機−無機ハイブリッド電解質及びその製造方法 |
KR100980997B1 (ko) * | 2007-08-24 | 2010-09-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 고온 연료전지용 고분자 전해질막 및 이를 포함하는고분자 전해질 연료전지 |
JP5092967B2 (ja) * | 2008-07-23 | 2012-12-05 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 高分子電解質膜、高分子電解質膜の製造方法、及び固体高分子型燃料電池 |
KR101890746B1 (ko) * | 2011-10-27 | 2018-08-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 연료 전지용 전해질막, 그 제조 방법, 이를 포함한 연료전지용 막전극 접합체 및 이를 구비한 연료 전지 |
KR101440829B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-08 | 2014-09-17 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | 열안정성 및 계면안정성이 향상된 고분자 전해질 복합막 및 상기 고분자 전해질 복합막을 포함하는 에너지저장장치 |
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EP0191462A1 (en) * | 1985-02-13 | 1986-08-20 | Research Association For Utilization Of Light Oil | Purification of aziridine-2-carboxylic acid salts |
US5919583A (en) * | 1995-03-20 | 1999-07-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Membranes containing inorganic fillers and membrane and electrode assemblies and electrochemical cells employing same |
US5849428A (en) * | 1996-05-01 | 1998-12-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Membrane for hydrogen and methanol fuel cell |
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US7541308B2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2009-06-02 | Cabot Corporation | Fuel cells and other products containing modified carbon products |
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US20030170521A1 (en) * | 2001-11-16 | 2003-09-11 | Zhengming Zhang | Proton exchange membrane (PEM) for a fuel cell |
AU2003241760A1 (en) * | 2002-05-30 | 2003-12-19 | National Institute Of Advanced Industrial Science And Technology | Surface-modified inorganic porous material and fuel cell comprising the same as electrolyte |
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US20050042489A1 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-02-24 | Kenji Fukuta | Laminate useful as a membrane-electrode assembly for fuel cells, production process therefor and a fuel cell provided with the laminate |
US7122688B2 (en) * | 2003-10-16 | 2006-10-17 | Iowa State University Research Foundation | Use of functionalized mesoporous silicates to esterify fatty acids and transesterify oils |
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