JP5008093B2 - エーロゾル発生器を動作する方法およびシステム - Google Patents
エーロゾル発生器を動作する方法およびシステム Download PDFInfo
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- JP5008093B2 JP5008093B2 JP2008503098A JP2008503098A JP5008093B2 JP 5008093 B2 JP5008093 B2 JP 5008093B2 JP 2008503098 A JP2008503098 A JP 2008503098A JP 2008503098 A JP2008503098 A JP 2008503098A JP 5008093 B2 JP5008093 B2 JP 5008093B2
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- patient
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- nebulizer
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- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Description
上述されたように、従来の噴霧器−人工呼吸器システムは、薬の供給効率が低い(例えば、20%未満)。本発明の実施形態は、供給効率を少なくとも40%にまで増加させる方法およびシステムを含み、上記方法およびシステムは、多くの実施例では、約70パーセント以上にまで増加させる。エーロゾル薬を供給するための増加された効率は、部分的には、本発明の実施形態で実施され得る1つ以上の特徴に起因し得る。これらの特徴は、エーロゾルの発生と人工呼吸器のサイクルの吸息段階とを同期化させること(例えば、段階的な供給)を含む。特徴は、エーロゾル発生の後に、空気を供給すること(例えば、「空気追跡(air chaser)」)をも含み得、このことは、気管内チューブをクリアにし、患者によって呼気された薬の量を低減させる。特徴は、エーロゾル発生ユニットを、患者に連結された気管内チューブのハブに直接的に結合することをもさらに含む。さらに他の特徴は、エーロゾル化された薬をより小さな粒子サイズ(例えば、平均の直径が約1〜5μm)で発生させることを含む。追加的な特徴はまた、円錐形の容器に薬を格納し、残留する薬の体積を最小化することをも含む。
図1Aは、本発明にしたがう、肺の薬供給システム(「PDDS」;pulmonary drug delivery system)100の実施形態を示す。PDDS100は、噴霧器102(エーロゾライザーとも呼ばれる)を含み得、上記噴霧器は、容器104に格納された液体の薬をエーロゾル化する。噴霧器102を出たエーロゾルは、まず、噴霧器102を人工呼吸器回路に結合しているT字アダプタ106に入り得る。T字アダプタ106はまた、分岐した人工呼吸器のリム110および112を有する回路のY字部108にも結合されている。
図4A〜図4Dを参照すると、PDDSの人工呼吸器非実装型の構成が示されている。図4Aにおいて、人工呼吸器非実装型のPDDS400は、エンドピース402を含み、上記エンドピースは、噴霧器404およびワイ406に結合されている。噴霧器404は、容器408を含み得、上記容器は、エーロゾル化される液体の薬をコネクタ410に供給する。コネクタ410は、エーロゾル化された薬およびガスに対し、導管を提供し、ワイ406からエンドピース402へと移動させ、その後患者の口および/または鼻に移動させる。第1のワイのリム412は、ポンプまたは加圧された呼吸ガス(図示されず)のソースに連結され得、上記ガスは、ワイのリム412を介し、エンドピース402へと流れる。一方向バルブ413もまた、リム412に配置され、呼吸ガスがポンプまたはガスのソースに逆流することを防ぎ得る。リム412はまた、圧力フィードバックポート414をも含み、これは、ガス圧力フィードバックユニット(図示されず)に結合され得る。示されている実施形態において、フィードバックフィルタ416は、ポート414とフィードバックユニットとの間に結合され得る。
噴霧器(すなわち、エーロゾル発生器)に関し、例えば、振動可能な部材が超音波振動数で振動して、液体の小滴を生成するタイプの噴霧器が存在する。細かい液体の小滴を生成するための、一部の特定の非限定的な実施例は、複数の先細りにされたアパーチャを有するアパーチャプレートに液体を供給し、アパーチャプレートを振動させることにより、アパーチャを介して液体を射出する。そのような技術は、米国特許第5,164,740号;5,938,117号;5,586,550号;5,758,637号、6,014,970号、ならびに米国特許第6,085,740号に概して記載されており、上記米国特許の完全な開示は、参考のために援用される。しかしながら、本発明は、そのようなデバイスを用いることのみには限定されないことに留意されたい。
これは、電気鋳造され、エレメントが形成されるときにアパーチャを形成する)を含み得る。例えば、米国特許第6,235,177号に記載されており、上記米国特許は、本出願の譲受人に譲渡されており、本明細書にその全体が参考のために援用されている。パラジウムは、電気鋳造されたマルチアパーチャのエーロゾル化エレメントを製作する際に、ならびに液体をエーロゾル化する動作の際に、特に有用であると考えられている。用いられ得るその他の金属は、例えば80パーセントのパラジウムと20%のニッケルのPdNiのようなパラジウム合金である。その他の金属および材料が、本発明から逸れることなしに、用いられ得る。
図9は、本発明の実施形態にしたがう、フィルタ904に結合された噴霧器902の分解組立図を示している。噴霧器902およびフィルタ904のこの構成は、患者にエーロゾル化された薬を供給するための人工呼吸器非実装型の装置の一部であり得る。フィルタ904は、第1の保持エレメント906(これは、噴霧器902を受容する噴霧器ポート908を有する)と、第2の保持エレメント910(これは、マウスピース、フェースマスク、ノーズプラグ等を受容するポート912を有する)との間で挟まれる。第1の保持エレメント906は、1つ以上の開口部を含み、上記開口部は、フィルタ904を通過するフィルタされたガスが、周囲の環境に逃げることを可能にする。エレメント906はまた、ガス入914入口をも有し、上記ガス入口は、圧縮された呼吸ガスのソース(例えば、酸素、空気、等)またはポンプ(図示されず)に密着するように係合し得る。第2の保持エレメント910は、圧力ポート916を有し得、上記圧力ポートは、装置内のガス圧力を測定する圧力センサ(図示されず)に密着するように係合し得る。
本発明の実施形態は、ガスを保持するチャンバ1102を含み得、上記チャンバは、患者の肺に供給するために、ガスとエーロゾルとの混合を保持し得る。チャンバは、人工呼吸器実装型および人工呼吸器非実装型の構成の両方に用いられ得る。チャンバ内の拡張された体積は、システムの患者インターフェースエンドにおける表面対体積の比を低減させ、これは、エーロゾル供給効率を増加させ得る。図11A〜図11Bは、患者によって吸入および呼気されるガスおよびエーロゾルに対する流れの経路を用い、そのようなチャンバの実施形態を示している。チャンバ1102は、ガス入口ポート1104を含む複数のポートを含み得、上記ガス入口ポートは、人工呼吸器、ポンプ、および/または圧縮されたガスのソース(例えば、圧縮された空気およびガスのタンク、等)からガスを受容し得る。チャンバ1102はまた、噴霧器(図示されず)を受容し得る第2のポート1106と、エンドピース(例えば、マウスピース、フェースマスク、等)を受容し得る第3のポート1108をも含み得る。
本発明の実施形態は、エーロゾル化され患者の肺に供給され得る様々な薬を企図する。これらの薬は、特に、例えばアミノ配糖体、β−ラクタム、およびキノリンのような、抗生物質を含み得る。アミノ配糖体は、特に、アミカシン、ゲンタマイシン、カナマイシン、ストレプトマイシン、ネオマイシン、ネチルマイシン、およびトブラマイシンのような、アミノ配糖体を含み得る。その他の薬もまた用いられ得、抗酸化物質、気管支拡張薬、コルチコステロイド、ロイコトリエン、プロスタサイクリン、プロテアーゼ阻害薬、界面活性剤のような、薬を含み得る。表1は、薬の種類、およびそれらがエーロゾル状態で治療に用いられ得る一部のアライメント(aliment)を列挙している。
図12A〜図12Cは、呼吸サイクルの間におけるエーロゾル化の様々なモードのグラフを示している。図12Aは、呼吸サイクルの間に一定の速度でエーロゾル化された薬が生成される連続的なエーロゾル化モードを示している。連続的(すなわち、非段階的(aphasic))な生成モードは、典型的に、約10%〜約15%のエーロゾル供給効率を有する。図12Bは、段階的な供給モードを示しており、エーロゾル化された薬は、呼吸サイクルの実質的に全ての吸入段階の間に、投与され得る。これらのモードは、典型的に、約15%〜約25%の効率を有する。図12Cは、別の段階的な供給モードを示しており、エーロゾル化された薬は、吸入段階の始めの所定の部分(例えば、吸入の開始)の間に、投与される。これらのモードは、典型的に、エーロゾル化される薬の全体量の重さで、約60%〜約80%の間の供給効率を有することが、発見されている。
アミカシンスルフェートの水溶液をエーロゾル化させる人工呼吸器実装型のPDDSを用いて、供給効率のテストが実施された。PDDS人工呼吸器の回路構成は、上記で図2に示されたものと同様であった。400mg投与のアミカシンが、PDDSを通過した。PDDSは、図12Cに示されているものと類似した段階的な供給レジームによってエーロゾル化された薬を供給するように構成されていた。薬の投与は、約50分〜約60分にわたって供給された。
Claims (14)
- 患者の呼吸システムにエーロゾル化された薬を供給する噴霧器−フィルタデバイスであって、
前記デバイスは、
フィルタであって、前記フィルタは、第1の保持エレメントおよび第2の保持エレメントを互いに対向するように結合することにより、取り外し可能に定位置に保持される、フィルタと、
前記第1の保持エレメントに形成された第1のポートおよび前記第2の保持エレメントに形成された第2のポートと、
前記エーロゾル化された薬を生成する噴霧器であって、前記噴霧器は、前記第1のポートに分離可能に結合される、噴霧器と、
患者の呼吸インターフェースであって、前記インターフェースは、前記第2のポートに分離可能に結合される、患者の呼吸インターフェースと
を含み、
前記エーロゾル化された薬は、患者の吸入段階の間に、前記噴霧器から前記患者の呼吸システムに移動し、残留したエーロゾル化された薬は、患者の呼気段階の間に、前記フィルタを通過する、デバイス。 - 人工呼吸器のポートは、前記第1の保持エレメントに形成され、分離可能に導管に結合されており、前記導管は、人工呼吸器から前記患者の呼吸インタフェースに空気を供給する、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記人工呼吸器からの空気は、前記患者の呼吸インターフェースに到達する前に、前記フィルタを通過する、請求項2に記載のデバイス。
- 前記患者の呼吸インターフェースは、前記患者の呼吸システムに結合するように動作可能なマウスピース、フェースマスクまたはノーズプラグを含む、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記フィルタは、円形のディスクのような形状であり、前記ディスクは、前記ディスクの中心に開口を有する、請求項1に記載のデバイス。
- 前記エーロゾル化された薬は、前記ディスクの開口を介し、前記噴霧器から前記患者の呼吸インターフェースに移動する、請求項5に記載のデバイス。
- 薬をエーロゾル化するシステムであって、
吸入ガスおよびエーロゾル化された薬を混合するエーロゾル化チャンバと、
第1の入口ポートであって、前記第1の入口ポートは、前記チャンバに形成され、噴霧器に結合されており、前記噴霧器は、前記第1の入口ポートを介し、前記エーロゾル化された薬を前記チャンバに提供する、第1の入口ポートと、
第2の入口ポートであって、前記第2の入口ポートもまた、前記チャンバに形成され、吸入ガスソースに結合されており、前記吸入ガスソースは、前記第2の入口ポートを介し、前記吸入ガスを前記チャンバに提供する、第2の入口ポートと、
前記チャンバに形成された出口ポートであって、吸入ガスおよびエーロゾル化された薬の混合を患者の呼吸システムに提供する、出口ポートと、
前記出口ポートに結合されたフィルタハウジングであって、前記フィルタハウジングは、前記患者の呼気サイクルの間に、前記システムから逃げる前記エーロゾル化された薬の量を低減させるフィルタを含む、フィルタハウジングと
を含む、システム。 - 前記出口ポートは、前記患者からの呼気の流体が前記エーロゾル化チャンバに入ることを防ぐ一方向バルブを含む、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記フィルタハウジングは、前記呼気の流体が前記システムを出ることを可能にする複数の開口を含む、請求項8に記載のシステム。
- 前記呼気の流体は、前記開口を介して出る前に、前記フィルタを通過する、請求項9に記載のシステム。
- 前記吸入ガスソースは、人工呼吸器、ポンプまたは圧縮ガスソースを含む、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記出口ポートは、患者の呼吸インターフェースに結合される、請求項7に記載のシステム。
- 前記患者の呼吸インターフェースは、前記患者の呼吸システムに結合するように動作可能なマウスピース、フェースマスクまたはノーズプラグを含む、請求項12に記載のシステム。
- 薬をエーロゾル化するシステムであって、
吸入ガスおよびエーロゾル化された薬を混合するエーロゾル化チャンバと、
第1の入口ポートであって、前記第1の入口ポートは、前記チャンバに形成され、噴霧器に結合されており、前記噴霧器は、前記第1の入口ポートを介し、前記エーロゾル化された薬を前記チャンバに提供する、第1の入口ポートと、
第2の入口ポートであって、前記第2の入口ポートもまた、前記チャンバに形成され、吸入ガスソースに結合されており、前記吸入ガスソースは、前記第2の入口ポートを介し、前記吸入ガスを前記チャンバに提供する、第2の入口ポートと、
前記チャンバに形成された出口ポートであって、吸入ガスおよびエーロゾル化された薬の混合を患者の呼吸システムに提供し、前記出口ポートは、前記患者からの呼気の流体が前記エーロゾル化チャンバに入ることを防ぐ一方向バルブを含む、出口ポートと、
前記患者の呼吸サイクルの間に前記システムから逃げる前記エーロゾル化された薬の量を低減させるフィルタと
を含む、システム。
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9572950B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2017-02-21 | Stamford Devices Limited | Supplemental oxygen delivery system |
US11672939B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2023-06-13 | Stamford Devices Limited | Supplemental oxygen delivery system |
US11806478B2 (en) | 2008-09-26 | 2023-11-07 | Stamford Devices Limited | Supplemental oxygen delivery system |
Also Published As
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NZ595112A (en) | 2013-03-28 |
IL186162A (en) | 2016-05-31 |
JP2008536546A (ja) | 2008-09-11 |
EP1868570A2 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
AU2006227168A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
CN101146517B (zh) | 2013-09-04 |
NZ561943A (en) | 2010-07-30 |
MX2007011786A (es) | 2007-11-07 |
EP1868570B1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
AU2006227168B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
US20080142002A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
US20050217666A1 (en) | 2005-10-06 |
US8196573B2 (en) | 2012-06-12 |
CN101146517A (zh) | 2008-03-19 |
CA2599018A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
BRPI0609725B8 (pt) | 2021-05-25 |
WO2006102345A3 (en) | 2007-01-25 |
KR20070113257A (ko) | 2007-11-28 |
US7971588B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
WO2006102345A2 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
IL186162A0 (en) | 2008-01-20 |
AU2006227168A2 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
BRPI0609725B1 (pt) | 2020-06-16 |
CA2599018C (en) | 2014-05-13 |
ES2642041T3 (es) | 2017-11-15 |
KR101301163B1 (ko) | 2013-09-03 |
BRPI0609725A2 (pt) | 2010-04-20 |
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