JP4714568B2 - 排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
排気ガス浄化用触媒及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 87
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 82
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 82
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 80
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 55
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910004625 Ce—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- RXSHXLOMRZJCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L strontium;diacetate Chemical compound [Sr+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O RXSHXLOMRZJCLB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013210 evaluation model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].O[N+]([O-])=O UYXRCZUOJAYSQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Pt+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O NWAHZABTSDUXMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003764 ultrasonic spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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Description
上記酸素吸蔵材は、平均粒径10nm未満の一次粒子が凝集して内部に細孔を有するシェルが形成された中空状の二次粒子となっているとともに、上記触媒金属とBaとSrとが上記酸素吸蔵材の表面と上記細孔内とに担持されていることを特徴とする。
上記Ba及びSrは上記酸素吸蔵材にNOx吸蔵材として担持されていることを特徴とする。
噴霧熱分解法にて平均粒径10nm未満の一次粒子が凝集して内部に細孔を有するシェルが形成された中空状の二次粒子となっている上記複酸化物よりなる酸素吸蔵材を得る工程と、
上記酸素吸蔵材と、触媒金属、Ba及びSrの原料とを水中に添加した後、水分を蒸発させ、さらに焼成することにより、上記触媒金属とBaとSrとが上記酸素吸蔵材の表面と上記細孔内とに担持された触媒粉末を得る工程と、
上記触媒粉末をバインダと共にスラリー化して担体に担持する工程と有することを特徴とする。
上記触媒粉末を得る工程では、上記酸素吸蔵材と、触媒金属、Ba及びSrの原料と、γ−アルミナ粉末とを水中に添加した後、水分を蒸発させ、さらに焼成することを特徴とする。
上記触媒粉末を得る工程では、減圧下で脱気しつつ水分を蒸発させることを特徴とする。
−参考例1(CeO2リッチ)−
上記酸素吸蔵材を噴霧熱分解法によって調製した。すなわち、オキシ硝酸ジルコニウム、硝酸セリウム及び硫酸マグネシウムの各所定量を水に溶解させることにより、原料溶液を調製した(原料溶液調製)。ここで、硫酸マグネシウムは、中空状酸素吸蔵材を製造する際の一次粒子のシンタリングを抑制する、一次粒子同士の接触点を減らしつつ中空構造に導く、という作用を有するものとして、各種添加化合物の中から選定されたものであり、その添加量、濃度等は適宜決定することができる。
中空状酸素吸蔵材をCeO2:ZrO2=25:75(質量比)とする、つまり、ZrO2リッチとする他は上記参考例1と同じ方法で排気ガス浄化用触媒を得た。酸素吸蔵材の一次粒子の平均粒径は10nm未満であり、触媒の組成も上記参考例1と同じである。
図1及び図2は参考例1(CeO2リッチ)に係る酸素吸蔵材のTEM(透過型電子顕微鏡)写真であり、図3及び図4は参考例2(ZrO2リッチ)に係る酸素吸蔵材のTEM(透過型電子顕微鏡)写真である。これら酸素吸蔵材はいずれも、図2,図4に示すように、粒径が4〜10nmの一次粒子がシェル材となって凝集した中空状の二次粒子よりなるものであり、一次粒子間には孔径数nmの細孔が形成されている。
共沈法によってCeO2リッチの酸素吸蔵材を調製した。すなわち、オキシ硝酸ジルコニウム及び硝酸セリウム各々の所定量と水とを混合し、この混合溶液を室温で約1時間撹拌した後、80℃まで加熱昇温させ、これと28%アンモニア水50mLとを混合した。このアンモニア水との混合により白濁した溶液を一昼夜放置し、生成したケーキを遠心分離器にかけ、十分に水洗した。この水洗したケーキを約150℃の温度で乾燥させた後、400℃の温度に5時間保持し、次いで1000℃の温度に1時間保持するという条件で焼成した。
比較例1と同じく共沈法によってZrO2リッチの酸素吸蔵材を調製した。その酸素吸蔵材は、CeO2:ZrO2=25:75(質量比)であり、また、粒径10nm〜数百nmの一次粒子が凝集した中実状(塊状)の二次粒子なっている。そうして、この酸素吸蔵材を用いて上記参考例1と同じ方法で排気ガス浄化用触媒を得た。触媒の組成も上記参考例1と同じである。
上記参考例1,2及び比較例1,2の各触媒について、大気雰囲気で750℃の温度に24時間保持するエージングを行なった後、モデルガス流通反応装置と排気ガス分析装置とを用いて、NOxの浄化に関するライトオフ性能を調べた。
−実施例A−
上記参考例1と同じ方法でCeO2リッチ(CeO2:ZrO2=75:25)の中空状酸素吸蔵材を調製した。その一次粒子の平均粒径は10nm未満である。
貴金属及びNOx吸蔵材の担持に、上記常圧蒸発乾固法に代えて減圧脱気法を採用する他は実施例Aと同じ方法で排気ガス浄化用触媒を得た。
酸素吸蔵材を平均粒径10nm未満の一次粒子が凝集した中実状(塊状)の二次粒子とする他は実施例Aと同じ方法(常圧蒸発乾固)で排気ガス浄化用触媒を得た。触媒の組成も実施例Aと同じである。
上記実施例A,B及び比較例の各触媒について、大気雰囲気で750℃の温度に24時間保持するエージングを行なった後、モデルガス流通反応装置と排気ガス分析装置とを用いて、NOx浄化性能を調べた。
上記実施例A,B及び比較例の各酸素吸蔵材について、エージング後のBET比表面積を測定した。このエージングは酸素吸蔵材を大気雰囲気で750℃の温度に24時間加熱保持するというものである。結果を図8に示す。実施例A,Bの酸素吸蔵材の比表面積は60m2/g、比較例の酸素吸蔵材の比表面積は40m2/gであり、実施例の場合はエージング後でも酸素吸蔵材の比表面積が大きいことがわかる。
Claims (5)
- CeとZrとを含有する複酸化物よりなる酸素吸蔵材を有し、該酸素吸蔵材に触媒金属が担持されている排気ガス浄化用触媒において、
上記酸素吸蔵材は、平均粒径10nm未満の一次粒子が凝集して内部に細孔を有するシェルが形成された中空状の二次粒子となっているとともに、上記触媒金属とBaとSrとが上記酸素吸蔵材の表面と上記細孔内とに担持されていることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒。 - 請求項1において、
上記Ba及びSrは上記酸素吸蔵材にNOx吸蔵材として担持されていることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒。 - CeとZrとを含有する複酸化物よりなる酸素吸蔵材を有し、該酸素吸蔵材に触媒金属が担持されている排気ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法であって、
噴霧熱分解法にて平均粒径10nm未満の一次粒子が凝集して内部に細孔を有するシェルが形成された中空状の二次粒子となっている上記複酸化物よりなる酸素吸蔵材を得る工程と、
上記酸素吸蔵材と、触媒金属、Ba及びSrの原料とを水中に添加した後、水分を蒸発させ、さらに焼成することにより、上記触媒金属とBaとSrとが上記酸素吸蔵材の表面と上記細孔内とに担持された触媒粉末を得る工程と、
上記触媒粉末をバインダと共にスラリー化して担体に担持する工程と有することを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項3において、
上記触媒粉末を得る工程では、上記酸素吸蔵材と、触媒金属、Ba及びSrの原料と、γ−アルミナ粉末とを水中に添加した後、水分を蒸発させ、さらに焼成することを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法。 - 請求項3又は請求項4において、
上記触媒粉末を得る工程では、減圧下で脱気しつつ水分を蒸発させることを特徴とする排気ガス浄化用触媒の製造方法。
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US11/591,543 US7691778B2 (en) | 2005-11-22 | 2006-11-02 | Exhaust gas purification catalyst |
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