JP4353845B2 - 半導体装置の製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP4353845B2 JP4353845B2 JP2004105529A JP2004105529A JP4353845B2 JP 4353845 B2 JP4353845 B2 JP 4353845B2 JP 2004105529 A JP2004105529 A JP 2004105529A JP 2004105529 A JP2004105529 A JP 2004105529A JP 4353845 B2 JP4353845 B2 JP 4353845B2
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Description
本発明では、CMP法に替わり、基体上に形成された多数の電極の表面を安価に高速で一斉に平坦化する手法として、ダイヤモンド等からなる硬質バイトを用いた切削加工を適用する。この切削加工によれば、基体表面上で絶縁膜内に電極が埋め込み形成されているような場合でも、CMP法のように金属と絶縁物の研磨速度等に依存することなく、基板上で一斉に金属と絶縁膜とを連続して切削し、ディッシング等を発生せしめることなく全体的に両者を均一に平坦化することができる。上述の平坦化処理は、例えば金バンプを電解メッキで形成する場合に、使用したフォトレジストと電極とを一括してバイトで切削加工した後、フォトレジストを除去することで行うことができる。
以下、本発明を適用した具体的な諸実施形態について、図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。
図1及び図2は、第1の実施形態による半導体装置の製造方法を工程順に示す概略断面図である。
ここでは、一対の基体として、第1の基体が半導体基板から個片化された半導体チップであり、第2の基体が回路基板である場合を挙げ、回路基板上に半導体チップを搭載する場合について例示する。本実施形態では、半導体チップの表面を切削平坦化し、電極同士を対向させて接続する。
具体的には、電極5の材料としては、低温で固相拡散可能なものを選択する。例えば、Au、Sn、銅(Cu)、銀(Ag)、Snを主材料とした半田等が好適であり、ここではAuを用い、例えば電解メッキ法により金属膜を成膜し、これと下地膜4をパターニングすることにより、電極5を形成する。このとき、各電極5はその形成状態等に起因して、図示の如く各々不均一な高さに形成されることがある。一般的に、各電極5の高さは半導体チップ1内で数μm程度のバラツキを示す。
図4は、切削加工時に絶縁樹脂が若干量液化し、電極の表面に薄く絶縁樹脂の汚れ(ムラ)が形成された様子を示す顕微鏡写真である。この場合、電極間の固相拡散反応を阻害する程度の状態とは評価されないが、本実施形態の切削加工では、かかる状態も発生しないようにすることが必要である。
表1に、切削加工時に絶縁材料をその絶縁材料の第1の温度よりも低温に抑えるための効果的な切削加工のパラメータとその傾向を記述する。
以下、第1の実施形態の諸変形例について説明する。本変形例では、半導体チップの電極構成が本実施形態と異なる。なお、本実施形態で示したものと同様の構成要素等については同符号を記す。
ここでは、半導体チップの回路基板との接続用電極として、半田バンプを形成する場合について説明する。
図5及び図6は、変形例1による半導体装置の製造方法を工程順に示す概略断面図である。
具体的に、電極32の材料としては、低温で固相拡散可能なものとして半田を用い、電極32として半田バンプを形成する。このとき、各電極32はその形成状態等に起因して、図示の如く各々不均一な高さに形成されることがある。一般的に、各電極32の高さは半導体チップ31内で数10μm程度のバラツキを示す。
ここでは、半導体チップの回路基板との接続用電極として、半田バンプを形成する場合について説明する。
図8及び図9は、変形例2による半導体装置の製造方法を工程順に示す概略断面図である。
具体的に、電極42の材料としては、低温で固相拡散可能なものとしてAuを用い、スタッドバンプ法により電極42としてAuスタッドバンプを形成する。このとき、各電極42はその形成状態等に起因して、図示の如く各々不均一な高さに形成されることがある。一般的に、各電極42の高さは半導体チップ41内で±10μm程度のバラツキを示す。
以下、本発明の第2の実施形態について説明する。本実施形態では、回路基板の電極状態が第1の実施形態と異なる。なお、第1の実施形態で示したものと同様の構成要素等については同符号を記す。
図11は、第2の実施形態による半導体装置の製造方法の主要工程を示す概略断面図である。
以下、本発明に関して行った諸実験について説明する。
ここでは、第1の実施形態の変形例1で説明した半田バンプの電極32を有する半導体チップ31を用いて半導体装置を作製するに際して、上述した本発明の切削加工による平坦化処理を実行した場合について、当該切削加工を実行しない比較例との比較において、半導体チップと回路基板との接続状態について調べた。
1.加重:一の電極当たり10gf
2.超音波発信時間:5秒
3.回路基板の温度:140℃
4.半導体チップの温度:室温
5.絶縁樹脂の最終固化条件:150℃で30分間
図12により、本発明では、両電極間に固層拡散が生じ、均一な合金層が明確に生成されているのに対し、比較例では、十分な合金が生成されず、電極間に隙間が形成されているのが判る。種々の条件を調査した結果、比較例では、何れの条件においても十分な合金を生成することができず、実用化は不可能と判断するのが妥当である。
ここでは、バイトを用いた切削加工の研磨加工に対する優位性について調べた。
図13は実験例2による作製結果を示す顕微鏡写真であり、(a)が研削加工によるもの、(b)が切削加工によるものを示しており、(a),(b)共に上図が平坦化直後の電極表面の様子を、中図が電極の接続直後の様子を、下図が150℃で96時間経過後の接続の様子をそれぞれ示している。
前記絶縁膜の温度を前記第1の温度よりも低い温度に保持しながら、バイトを用いた切削加工により、前記第1の電極の表面及び前記絶縁膜の表面が連続して平坦となるように平坦化処理する工程と、
表面に複数の第2の電極が形成されてなる第2の基体に前記第1の基体を前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とが接触するように対向させ、前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを前記絶縁膜により接続するとともに、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に金属の固相拡散層を生成せしめる工程と
を含むことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。
前記第1の温度以上で、前記絶縁膜による接続と同時に、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との接続を同時に行うことを特徴とする付記1又は2に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
前記第1の基体の温度を前記第1の温度よりも低い温度に設定し、前記第2の基体の温度を前記第1の温度よりも高い温度に設定する工程と、
前記設定された温度において、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とを対向接触させ、前記絶縁膜の温度を前記第1の温度以上にして前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを接続する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする付記1又は2に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを対向させて接続する工程において、
前記第1の温度以上で、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とを所定の圧力で対向接触させて塑性変形させるとともに、液化した前記絶縁材料により前記電極間を充填させ、前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを接続することを特徴とする付記5に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
前記切削加工の後、前記第1の温度以上で前記第2の温度よりも低い温度で、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とを対向接触させ、前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを前記絶縁膜により接続する工程と、
前記第2の温度以上で、前記絶縁膜を固化させるとともに、前記固相拡散層の生成を助長する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする付記7に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
2 電極パッド
3,6,16 絶縁膜
4 下地膜
5,19,32,42,52 電極
10 バイト
11,51 回路基板
12〜15 配線層
17 配線
18 ビア
20 半導体基板
21 基板支持台(回転テーブル)
22 切削部
23 接続端子
Claims (8)
- 表面に複数の第1の電極が形成されてなる第1の基体について、第1の温度以上で接着性を発現する絶縁材料を用いて前記第1の電極を埋め込んで封止する絶縁膜を形成する工程と、
前記絶縁膜の温度を前記第1の温度よりも低い温度に保持しながら、バイトを用いた切削加工により、前記第1の電極の表面及び前記絶縁膜の表面が連続して平坦となるように平坦化処理する工程と、
表面に複数の第2の電極が形成されてなる第2の基体に前記第1の基体を前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とが接触するように対向させ、前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを前記絶縁膜により接続するとともに、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との間に金属の固相拡散層を生成せしめる工程と
を含み、
前記切削加工の工程において、当該切削加工で発生する摩擦熱により上昇する前記絶縁膜の温度を前記第1の温度よりも低い温度に保持しながら行うことを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを対向させて接続する工程において、
前記第1の温度以上で、前記絶縁膜による接続と同時に、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極との接続を同時に行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを対向させて接続する工程は、
前記第1の基体の温度を前記第1の温度よりも低い温度に設定し、前記第2の基体の温度を前記第1の温度よりも高い温度に設定する工程と、
前記設定された温度において、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とを対向接触させ、前記絶縁膜の温度を前記第1の温度以上にして前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを接続する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記絶縁材料は、常温では固体で接着性を示さず、前記第1の温度に達すると液化して接着性を発現するものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 前記第2の基体の前記第2の電極がそれぞれ所定の高さとされており、
前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを対向させて接続する工程において、
前記第1の温度以上で、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とを所定の圧力で対向接触させて塑性変形させるとともに、液化した前記絶縁材料により前記電極間を充填させ、前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを接続することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記絶縁材料は、前記第1の温度よりも高い第2の温度以上で固化するものであり、
前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを対向させて接続する工程は、
前記切削加工の後、前記第1の温度以上で前記第2の温度よりも低い温度で、前記第1の電極と前記第2の電極とを対向接触させ、前記第1の基体と前記第2の基体とを前記絶縁膜により接続する工程と、
前記第2の温度以上で、前記絶縁膜を固化させるとともに、前記固相拡散層の生成を助長する工程と
を含むことを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記第1の基体が半導体基板に形成された状態で前記第1の基体に前記切削加工を施し、前記第2の基体に前記第1の基体を対向させる前に、前記半導体基板から前記第1の基体を個片化させることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 個片化された半導体チップである前記第1の基体に前記切削加工を施すことを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれか1項に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
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