JP2013055313A - 半導体装置、半導体パッケージ、半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体パッケージの製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体装置、半導体パッケージ、半導体装置の製造方法及び半導体パッケージの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013055313A JP2013055313A JP2011270410A JP2011270410A JP2013055313A JP 2013055313 A JP2013055313 A JP 2013055313A JP 2011270410 A JP2011270410 A JP 2011270410A JP 2011270410 A JP2011270410 A JP 2011270410A JP 2013055313 A JP2013055313 A JP 2013055313A
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Classifications
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Abstract
【解決手段】半導体チップ3は、第1主面30Aと第2主面30Bとの間を貫通する貫通孔30Xを有する半導体基板30と、半導体基板30の第2主面30Bを覆うように形成され、貫通孔30Xと対向する位置に開口部31Xが形成された絶縁層31と、絶縁膜33によって覆われた貫通孔30X及び開口部31Xに形成された貫通電極32とを有する。絶縁層31から露出される貫通電極32の上端面は、当該半導体チップ3に他の半導体チップ4が積層される際のパッドになる。また、貫通電極32の上端面は、絶縁層31の半導体基板30と接する面と反対側の面と面一になるように形成されている。
【選択図】図1
Description
以下、第1実施形態を図1〜図12に従って説明する。
図1に示すように、半導体パッケージ1は、配線基板2と、配線基板2上に搭載された半導体チップ3と、その半導体チップ3上に積層された半導体チップ4と、配線基板2上に積層された半導体チップ3,4を封止する封止樹脂5とを有している。この半導体パッケージ1は、配線基板2上に複数の半導体チップ3,4が三次元的に積層された所謂チップ積層型パッケージである。積層される半導体チップ3としては、例えばCPUやMPU等のロジックデバイス用の半導体チップを用いることができる。また、半導体チップ4としては、例えばDRAMやSDRAM等のメモリデバイス用の半導体チップを用いることができる。なお、以下の説明では、配線基板2上に積層された2つの半導体チップのうち、1段目に積層された半導体チップ3を下側チップ3とも称し、2段目に積層された半導体チップ4を上側チップ4とも称する。
次に、配線基板2の構造について説明する。
配線基板2は、基板本体10と、最上層の配線パターン20と、ソルダレジスト層22と、最下層の配線パターン23と、ソルダレジスト層25とを有している。
次に、下側チップ3の構造について説明する。
下側チップ3は、半導体基板30と、絶縁層31と、貫通電極32と、絶縁膜33と、配線パターン40と、ビア41と、絶縁層42と、電極パッド43Pと、保護膜44と、接続端子45とを有している。この下側チップ3は、配線基板2にフリップチップ接合されている。
次に、上側チップ4の構造について図1に従って説明する。
上側チップ4は、半導体基板50と、保護膜51と、電極パッド52Pと、接続端子53と、絶縁層54を有している。この上側チップ4は、下側チップ3にフリップチップ接合されている。
下側チップ3では、貫通電極32の上端面が半導体基板30の第2主面30B側で絶縁層31の第1主面31Aと略面一となるように形成されている。このため、下側チップ3の上面(つまり、積層される下側チップ3と上側チップ4との間のギャップにおける下面)が平坦面となる。ここで、本実施形態では、上側チップ4の絶縁層54がアンダーフィル材に相当する。そして、この絶縁層54と接する下側チップ3の絶縁層31の上面が平坦面であるため、その絶縁層31に絶縁層54を接着する際に、相互の界面にボイド等が生じず、両者が良好に接着される。
次に、上記半導体パッケージ1の製造方法を説明する。
(下側チップの製造方法)
まず、下側チップ3の製造方法について図3〜図8に従って説明する。以下の説明では、説明の簡略化のために1つのチップを拡大して説明するが、実際にはウェハレベルで製造が行われるため、1枚のウェハに多数の下側チップを一括して作製した後、個々のチップに個片化される。なお、ここでは、半導体集積回路の製造方法についての説明は省略する。
続いて、図4(d)に示す工程では、絶縁層42及び配線層43上に、配線層43の一部に画定される電極パッド43Pの部分のみを露出させる開口部44Xを有する保護膜44を形成する。この保護膜44は、例えばCVD法によって絶縁層42及び配線層43を覆う保護膜44を形成し、その保護膜44上に開口部44Xを形成する部位を露出させたレジスト層を形成した後、そのレジスト層をマスクとして上記保護膜44の露出部位をドライエッチング等によって除去することにより形成することができる。
次に、図11(a)に示す工程では、貫通電極32の上面32Bに接続端子34が形成された下側チップ3の上方に、上記製造された上側チップ4を配置する。具体的には、下側チップ3の接続端子34側の面と、上側チップ4の電極パッド52P側の面とを対向させて、下側チップ3の接続端子34と電極パッド52P上に形成された接続端子53とが対向するように位置決めされる。
(1)下側チップ3では、貫通電極32の上端面が半導体基板30の第2主面30B側で絶縁層31の第1主面31Aと略面一となるように形成されている。このため、下側チップ3の上面(つまり、積層される下側チップ3と上側チップ4との間のギャップにおける下面)が平坦面となる。これにより、下側チップ3と上側チップ4との間にアンダーフィル材を充填する場合に、そのアンダーフィル材の充填される面の段差が少なくなるため、アンダーフィル材の流動性を向上させることができ、アンダーフィル材の充填性を向上させることができる。したがって、アンダーフィル材にボイドが発生することを好適に抑制できるため、下側チップ3と上側チップ4間の電気的接続信頼性を向上させることができる。
(5)上側チップ4の下面(下側チップ3と対向する面)側に半硬化状態の絶縁層54Aを形成し、その上側チップ4を下側チップ3に積層した後に、絶縁層54を熱硬化するようにした。そして、このように形成された絶縁層54がアンダーフィル材と同様の役割を果たす。これにより、上側チップ4を下側チップ3に積層する際に、半硬化状態の絶縁層54Aが接続端子34,53や電極パッド52P等を覆うように変形されるため、アンダーフィル材を充填する際に問題となるボイドの発生を抑制することができる。さらに、アンダーフィル材を充填する工程も省略することができる。
以下、第2実施形態を図13〜図16に従って説明する。先の図1〜図12に示した部材と同一の部材にはそれぞれ同一の符号を付して示し、それら各要素についての詳細な説明は省略する。
半導体チップ6aは、半導体基板80と、絶縁層81と、貫通電極82と、絶縁膜83と、配線パターン90と、ビア91と、絶縁層92と、電極パッド93Pと、保護膜94と、接続端子95と、絶縁層96を有している。この半導体チップ6aは、接続端子95が半導体チップ3の接続端子34にフリップチップ接合されている。
次に、半導体パッケージ1Aの製造方法を図14〜図16に従って説明する。
図14に示す配線基板2に半導体チップ3がフリップチップ接合された構造体は、先の図3〜図9で説明した製造工程により製造することができる。また、半導体チップ6aは、先の図3〜図10で説明した製造工程と略同様の工程により製造することができるため、ここでは詳細な説明を省略する。すなわち、図3(a)〜図8(c)に示した工程と同様の製造工程により、半導体基板80、絶縁層81、貫通電極82、絶縁膜83、接続端子84、配線パターン90、ビア91、絶縁層92、保護膜94及び接続端子95を形成することができる。但し、接続端子95は、図5(a)〜図6(a)に示した工程の代わりに図10(b)に示した工程を利用して形成される。そして、保護膜94の下面に、接続端子95を覆うようにB−ステージ(半硬化状態)の絶縁層96Aを形成する。絶縁層96Aの材料としてシート状の絶縁樹脂を用いた場合には、保護膜94の下面にシート状の絶縁樹脂をラミネートする。但し、この工程では、シート状の絶縁樹脂の熱硬化は行わず、B−ステージ状態にしておく。なお、絶縁層96Aを真空雰囲気中でラミネートすることにより、絶縁層96A中へのボイドの巻き込みを抑制することができる。一方、絶縁層96Aの材料として液状又はペースト状の絶縁樹脂を用いた場合には、保護膜94の上面に液状又はペースト状の絶縁樹脂を例えば印刷法やスピンコート法により塗布する。その後、塗布した液状又はペースト状の絶縁樹脂をプリベークしてB−ステージ状態にする。以上の製造工程により、半導体チップ6aが製造される。
(第3実施形態)
以下、第3実施形態を図17及び図18に従って説明する。この実施形態では、下側チップと上側チップとの接続形態が上記第1実施形態と異なっている。以下、第1実施形態との相違点を中心に説明する。なお、先の図1〜図16に示した部材と同一の部材にはそれぞれ同一の符号を付して示し、それら各要素についての詳細な説明は省略する。
(8)下側チップ3Aの貫通電極32の上端面32Bに、予備はんだからなる接続端子34Aを形成するようにした。また、上側チップ4Aの電極パッド52P上に、柱状の接続端子55とはんだ層56とを形成するようにした。これにより、下側チップ3Aと上側チップ4Aとの間をはんだ同士で接合することができる。このため、例えば下側チップ3A及び上側チップ4Aの片側のみにはんだを形成した場合と比べて、濡れ性を向上させることができるとともに、接合はんだ量(はんだ体積)の増大によって接続強度を向上させることができる。したがって、下側チップ3Aと上側チップ4A間の接続信頼性を向上させることができる。
なお、上記各実施形態は、これを適宜変更した以下の態様にて実施することもできる。
・上記各実施形態における配線基板2上に積層される半導体チップの種類及び数は特に限定されない。例えば配線基板2上に積層される複数の半導体チップの全てを、メモリデバイス用の半導体チップとしてもよい。
2 配線基板
3,3A 半導体チップ(半導体装置、第1半導体装置)
4,4A 半導体チップ(第2半導体装置)
6a,6b 半導体チップ(半導体装置)
30,80 半導体基板(第1半導体基板)
30X,80X 貫通孔
31,81 絶縁層(第1絶縁層)
31X,81X 開口部
32,82 貫通電極
32A 導電層
33,83 絶縁膜
34,84 接続端子(第1接続端子)
34A 接続端子(第1接続端子、予備はんだ)
36 金属膜(金属バリア層)
50 半導体基板(第2半導体基板)
52P,93P 電極パッド
53,95 接続端子(第2接続端子)
54,96 絶縁層(第2絶縁層)
55 接続端子(第2接続端子、バンプ)
56 はんだ層(第2接続端子)
60 基板
60X 溝部
Claims (13)
- 第1主面と第2主面との間を貫通する貫通孔を有する半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の第1主面を覆うように形成され、前記貫通孔と対向する位置に開口部が形成された絶縁層と、
絶縁膜によって覆われた前記貫通孔及び前記開口部に形成された貫通電極と、を有し、
前記絶縁層から露出される前記貫通電極の第1端面がパッドになるとともに、前記第1端面が前記絶縁層の前記半導体基板と接する面と反対側の面と面一であることを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 前記絶縁膜は、前記貫通孔の内壁面全面に形成されるとともに、前記開口部の内壁面全面に形成され、
前記貫通電極は、前記絶縁膜の内壁面全面を覆うように形成された金属バリア層を含むことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記貫通電極の前記第1端面上に形成された接続端子を有することを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記接続端子は、錫層、又は前記第1端面側から順にニッケル層、金層が形成された金属層であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の半導体装置。
- 前記接続端子は、鉛フリーはんだからなる予備はんだであることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の半導体装置。
- 少なくともN(Nは2以上の整数)個の半導体装置が積層された半導体パッケージであって、
第i(iは1〜N−1の整数)段目に積層された第1半導体装置は、
第1主面と第2主面との間を貫通する貫通孔を有する第1半導体基板と、
前記第1半導体基板の第1主面を覆うように形成され、前記貫通孔と対向する位置に開口部が形成された第1絶縁層と、
絶縁膜によって内壁面が覆われた前記貫通孔及び前記開口部に形成された貫通電極と、を有し、
前記第1絶縁層から露出される前記貫通電極の第1端面は、第(i+1)段目に積層された第2半導体装置の電極パッドと電気的に接続され、前記第1端面が前記第1絶縁層の前記半導体基板と接する面と反対側の面と面一であることを特徴とする半導体パッケージ。 - 前記第2半導体装置は、
第2半導体基板と、前記第2半導体基板の前記第1半導体装置と対向する面側に形成された前記電極パッドと、前記電極パッドを覆うように形成された第2絶縁層と、を有し、
前記第2絶縁層は、前記第1絶縁層と同一組成の絶縁樹脂からなることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の半導体パッケージ。 - 前記貫通電極の前記第1端面上に第1接続端子が形成され、前記第1接続端子が、錫層、及び前記貫通電極の第1端面側から順にニッケル層、金層が形成された金属層のいずれか1つであり、
前記電極パッド上に第2接続端子が形成され、前記第2接続端子が、柱状のバンプ上にはんだ層が形成された接続端子、前記電極パッド上から順にニッケル層、金層、錫層が形成された金属層、前記電極パッド上から順にニッケル層、パラジウム層、金層、錫層が形成された金属層、前記電極パッド上から順にニッケル層、金層が形成された金属層、及び前記電極パッド上から順にニッケル層、パラジウム層、金層が形成された金属層のいずれか1つであることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の半導体パッケージ。 - 前記貫通電極の前記第1端面上に第1接続端子が形成され、前記第1接続端子が、鉛フリーはんだからなる予備はんだであり、
前記電極パッド上に第2接続端子が形成され、前記第2接続端子が、柱状のバンプ上に鉛フリーはんだからなるはんだ層が形成された接続端子であり、
前記貫通電極と前記電極パッドとは、前記第1接続端子及び前記第2接続端子を介して電気的に接続されていることを特徴とする請求項6又は7に記載の半導体パッケージ。 - 半導体基板の第1主面と第2主面との間を貫通する貫通孔に形成される貫通電極を備える半導体装置の製造方法であって、
前記半導体基板の母材となる基板に溝部を形成する工程と、
前記溝部の内壁面に絶縁膜を形成する工程と、
前記絶縁膜で覆われた溝部内に導電層を形成する工程と、
前記基板を薄化して前記半導体基板を形成し、前記溝部を前記貫通孔とするとともに、前記半導体基板から前記絶縁膜で覆われた導電層の一部を露出させる工程と、
前記露出された絶縁膜及び導電層を覆うように絶縁層を形成する工程と、
前記導電層の第1端面と前記絶縁層の前記半導体基板と接する面とは反対側の面とが面一になるように、前記絶縁層、前記絶縁膜及び前記導電層を研削又は研磨して、前記導電層を前記貫通電極とする工程と、
を有することを特徴とする半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記研削は、バイト研削であることを特徴とする請求項10に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。
- 少なくともN(Nは2以上の整数)個の半導体装置が積層された半導体パッケージの製造方法であって、
第1半導体基板の第1主面と第2主面との間を貫通する貫通孔に形成される貫通電極を備える第1半導体装置を製造する第1工程と、
第i(iは1〜N−1の整数)段目に前記第1半導体装置を積層する第2工程と、
第2半導体基板と、前記第2半導体基板の前記第1半導体装置と対向する第1主面側に形成された電極パッドとを有する第2半導体装置を製造する第3工程と、
前記第1半導体装置上に前記第2半導体装置を積層する第4工程と、を有し、
前記第1工程は、
前記第1半導体基板の母材となる基板に溝部を形成する工程と、
前記溝部の内壁面に絶縁膜を形成する工程と、
前記絶縁膜で覆われた溝部内に導電層を形成する工程と、
前記基板を薄化して前記第1半導体基板を形成し、前記溝部を前記貫通孔とするとともに、前記第1半導体基板から前記絶縁膜で覆われた導電層の一部を露出させる工程と、
前記露出された絶縁膜及び導電層を覆うように第1絶縁層を形成する工程と、
前記導電層の第1端面と前記第1絶縁層の前記第1半導体基板と接する面と反対側の第1主面とが面一になるように、前記第1絶縁層、前記絶縁膜及び前記導電層を研削又は研磨して、前記導電層を前記貫通電極とする工程とを有し、
前記第4工程は、
前記第2半導体基板の前記第1主面側に、前記電極パッドを覆うように、前記第1絶縁層と同一組成の絶縁樹脂からなる半硬化状態の第2絶縁層を形成する工程と、
前記貫通電極の前記第1絶縁層の第1主面から露出される第1端面に、前記第2半導体装置の前記電極パッドが電気的に接続されるように、前記第1半導体装置に前記第2半導体装置を積層する工程と、
前記第2絶縁層を熱硬化する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする半導体パッケージの製造方法。 - 前記第1工程は、
無電解めっき法により、前記貫通電極の前記第1端面上に第1接続端子を形成する工程を有し、
前記第3工程は、
無電解めっき法又は電解めっき法により、前記電極パッド上に第2接続端子を形成する工程を有することを特徴とする請求項12に記載の半導体パッケージの製造方法。
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