JP3732855B2 - 熱可塑性組成物から形成される通気性フィルム - Google Patents
熱可塑性組成物から形成される通気性フィルム Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
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- A61F13/514—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/08—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing additives to improve the compatibility between two polymers
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
Description
本発明の組成物から製造されたフィルムは、以下に記載された「反応基」と反応する特定の官能基を含有する材料から製造された基体への良好な密着性も示す。このような基体はメラミンを含む。
発明の背景
種々の熱可塑性材料は、液体遮断特性および透湿性の双方を示すフィルムを形成することで知られている。これらの中にはコポリエーテルエステル、コポリエーテルアミド、およびポリウレタンが含まれる。これらの材料のフィルムは、良く機能し、そして種々の最終用途の性能要求を満たしているが、それらが有する欠点は、他の熱可塑性材料と比較して相対的に高コストである。
本発明の課題は、新規の熱可塑性組成物および望ましい性能特性を有するそれからのフィルムを低減されたコストで提供することである。本発明によると、(a)ブロックコポリエーテルエステル、ブロックコポリエーテルアミド、および/またはポリウレタン;(b)(a)と非相溶性である熱可塑性のホモポリマー、コポリマーまたはターポリマー;並びに(c)相溶化剤から成る混合物を含有する熱可塑性組成物が提供される。
組成物の成分(b)は、不十分な透湿性を有する低コストの熱可塑性材料であり、前述の最終用途に適していない。成分(b)は、成分(a)と非相溶性であり、そして、その2つを一緒に組み合わせて、フィルムを形成したとしても、そのようなフィルムは、成分(b)の長い薄層またはシートを示す縦断面を有するであろう。したがって、このような組成物から作られたフィルムは、成分(b)の特異的な透過性により制限された透過性、および不十分な機械的特性、例えば離層の傾向を有するであろう。
本発明によると、驚くべきことに、相溶化剤が、成分(a)および(b)と化合し、次の通り計算された理論値の値に近い透湿度(MVTR)を有するフィルムを作ることができることが見出された。
MVTR理論値=(MVTR成分(a))(重量%成分(a))+
(MVTR成分(b))(重量%成分(b))
相溶化剤の添加のもう一つの予期しない効果は、相溶化された配合物の改良されたヒートシール適性、並びに、それ自体およびメラミンのような他の基体への改良された密着性である。
発明の詳細な説明
ここで使用されるある用語は、次の通り定義される。
熱可塑性材料の「相溶性」は、一般的に、熱可塑性材料が相互に混和性(miscible)であるか、および/または相互に作用する程度を称する当該技術分野で認識されている用語である。したがって、ここで使用されている「非相溶性」は、成分(a)および成分(b)が、実質的に相互に非混和性であり、および/または相互に作用しないことを意味する。
「相溶化剤」は、本発明によるフィルムにおいて成分(b)の前述の薄層の形成を防ぐために用いられる熱可塑性材料を意味する。相溶化剤は、成分(a)と可溶性または反応性にし、同時に成分(b)と相互作用性にする特性を有し、それにより成分(a)における成分(b)の表面エネルギーを低減し、フィルムにおいて成分(b)の小球体の分散物の形成へと導く。
成分(a)に使用されるブロックコポリエーテルエステル、ブロックコポリエーテルアミド、およびポリウレタンは、それ自体が公知である。好ましいブロックコポリエーテルエステルは、Hytrel(登録商標)の名のもとにDuPont社から入手可能な柔らかいポリエーテルセグメントおよび固いポリエステルセグメントを有するセグメントエラストマーである(米国特許第4,739,012号公報を参照のこと)。
本発明における使用に適したブロックコポリエーテルアミドは、Elf Atochem社からPebax(登録商標)の名称で入手可能である。
組成物における成分(a)の量は、成分(a)の種類、成分(b)の種類、透湿性の所望のレベル、および当業者に知られている他の要因により変化する。成分(a)は、本発明による組成物においては、典型的に、25から90重量%、より好ましくは50から80重量%の範囲の量で存在する。
本発明による成分(b)は、前述のように、実質的に成分(a)と非相溶性である。成分(b)は、アルファ−オレフィンのホモポリマー;アルファ−オレフィンおよび1種もしくは2種以上の他のモノマーを含有するコポリマーもしくはターポリマー;またはビニルアレーン(vinylarene)および共役ジエンのブロックコポリマーであることができる。
成分(b)がホモポリマーであるとき、それは、好ましくは、繰り返し単位R−CH=CH2(ここに、Rは水素または1と8の間の炭素原子を有するアルキルラジカルである)を含有する。本発明による好ましいホモポリマーは、ポリエチレン(低密度(PE−LD)、線状低密度(PE−LLD)、高密度(HDPE)、および超低密度(VLDPE))、およびポリプロピレンである。
成分(b)がコポリマーまたはターポリマーであるとき、それは、好ましくは、上記繰り返し単位R−CH=CH2とともに少なくとも1つの脂肪族または芳香族のような単エチレン状に不飽和であるさらなるモノマーを含有し、その例としては次のものが列挙できる:ビニルアセテート、スチレン、および(メタ)アクリル誘導体。この他のモノマーは、オレフィン性コポリマーの20重量%まで、好ましくは1から10重量%に相当することができる。
本発明による成分(b)として使用される好ましいコポリマーは、エチレンとプロピレンとのコポリマー、エチレン−ビニルアセテートコポリマー、エチレンとアクリル誘導体とのコポリマー(例えば、EnBACOとして一般的に知られているエチレン、一酸化炭素およびn−ブチルアクリレートのコポリマー)、エチレン状不飽和カルボン酸モノマーのコポリマー(例えば、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、クロトン酸など)、またはそれの中和された金属塩(例えば、当該技術分野においてアイオノマーとして慣用的に称されている部分的に中和されたエチレン/カルボン酸コポリマーに見出されるようなもの)、オレフィン、メチルアクリレートおよびエチルアクリレート、または直鎖およびラジカル性(radicalar)低密度ポリオレフィンの均質な混合物に基づくターポリマーである。
成分(b)がビニルアレーンおよび共役ジエンのブロックコポリマーであるとき、一般構造A−B−Aを有し、そしてその2つの末端ポリマーブロックAは、ポリスチレンのようなビニルアレーンの熱可塑性ポリマーブロックを含有し、他方、ブロックBは、イソプレンまたはブタジエンのような選択的に水素化された共役ジエンのポリマーブロックである(米国再発行特許第27,145号公報;米国特許第4,548,988号公報を参照のこと)。中心のエラストマー性ポリマーブロックに対する熱可塑性末端ブロックの割合、およびこれらの各ブロックの相対的な分子量を釣り合わせて、それが加硫の実際の工程を必要とすることなく加硫ゴムとして機能するような特性の最適な組み合わせを有するゴムを得ることができる。さらに、これらのブロックコポリマーは、この重要な利点を有するだけでなく、熱可塑性樹脂成形装置において扱われるように、および種々の相対的に低コストの溶剤に可溶性であるように設計することができる。
必要に応じて、0.1から10重量%、好ましくは0.2から5重量%の無水マレイン酸を含有する付加物を形成するようにこれらのブロックコポリマーを無水マレイン酸でグラフトすることができる(米国特許第4,578,429号公報を参照のこと)。このような化合物は、慣用的にS−EB−Sブロックコポリマーと称され、そしてKraton(登録商標)の名称でShell Chemical社から入手可能である。
成分(b)は、本発明の組成物において、典型的に10−70重量%の範囲の量で存在する。
相溶化剤(成分(c))は、成分(b)の性質にしたがって選択される。それは、成分(b)と相溶性であり、そして好ましくは同一である幹、並びに成分(a)と相溶性であるか、または相互に作用する反応基を有する。これは、成分(b)が薄層ではなく小球体の形状で成分(a)中に分布するように、本発明による組成物の形態を変える。
反応基は、この幹にグラフトされるグラフトモノマーであってもよく、そして少なくとも1つのアルファ−、またはベータ−エチレン状不飽和カルボン酸もしくは酸無水物、またはその誘導体であるか、あるいはこれらを含有することができる。このようなカルボン酸および酸無水物は、モノ−、ジ−またはポリカルボン酸であってもよいが、それらの具体例としては、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、無水イタコン酸、無水マレイン酸、および、例えば無水マレイン酸ジメチルのような置換された無水マレイン酸がある。不飽和酸の誘導体の具体例は、塩、アミド、イミドおよびエステル、例えばマレイン酸ナトリウム、マレイン酸二ナトリウム、アクリルアミド、マレイミド、およびフマル酸ジエチルである。
無水マレイン酸は、好ましいグラフトモノマー(反応基)である。
成分(c)の好ましい幹は、ポリエチレン(低密度(PE−LD)、線状低密度(PE−LLD)、高密度(HDPE)、および超低密度(VLDPE))、およびポリプロピレンを含む。
ポリマーのグラフトは、記載されるように溶融状態、溶液中、または懸濁液中において行われる。グラフトされたポリマーの溶融粘度は、制限されないが、しかし、2.16kgおよび190℃で測定したメルトインデックスが、1と150g/cm3の間であるならば、もっとも効果的なアロイが見出される。このようなグラフトされたポリマーは、当該技術分野において知られているように調製されることができる(欧州特許番号第370735号公報および同第370736号公報を参照のこと)。
相溶化剤は、典型的に0.1から15重量%、好ましくは0.1および3重量%の間の範囲の量で本発明の組成物に存在する。
上記成分に加えて、本発明による組成物は、メルトフロー改質剤(例えば、炭酸カルシウム、シリカ、クレー、タルク)および酸化防止剤や紫外線吸収剤のような安定剤などの慣用の添加剤を含有することもできる。これらの添加剤が組成物にもたらす特性および使用される量は、当業者に知られている。
本発明による組成物は、当該技術分野で知られている方法および技術にしたがって、例えば(物理的な)タンブルブレンドにより調製されることができる。
適している配合技術は、次の通りである:ポリエーテルエステルとポリエチレンを、200−240℃の範囲の温度で、Berstorff25mm二軸スクリュー押出機にて配合する。そしてこのようにして製造されたコポリマーのストランドを、水冷し、粉砕する。
本組成物は、インフレートフィルム加工を使用してフィルムにする。例えば、上記のように製造された粉末を、長さ/直径の比が27−28であり、ミキシングヘッド、および3−ゾーンスクリューを有し、そしてスパイラルダイおよびインフレートフィルムユニットを備えた押出機に供給する。製造されたフィルムは、約50ミクロンの厚さを有する。
実施例
下記の表1に示された組成物を有する物理的な配合物およびコンパウンドされた配合物を製造する。25μmの厚さを有するフィルムを押し出し、そして透湿度(MVTR)をASTM E 96 BWにしたがって測定する。
ポリマーA=約31重量%のジメチルテレフタレート、約9重量%のジメチルイソフタレート、約55重量%の酸化エチレンで末端をキャップしたポリプロピレングリコール、および約16重量%のブタンジオールを含有するブロックポリエーテルエステルセグメントエラストマー;ASTM D 1238に準じて2.16kgの下、190℃でのメルトフローインデックス(MFI)=10dg/分。
ポリマーB=Stamylan(登録商標)2304(DSM社から入手可能;低密度ポリエチレン、0.92kg/m3の密度、MFI=4.4dg/分(ASTM D 1238))。
ポリマーC=Fusabond(登録商標)EMB226D(DuPont社から入手可能;PE−LLDの幹、0.92kg/m3の密度、MFI=4.4dg/分(ASTM D 1238)、コモノマー含量:7%ブテン、無水マレイン酸含量:1%)。
本発明によるフィルムは、改良されたシール強度のような改良された性能特性を示す。これは、2つのシーリングバーを有し;ドエル時間1秒、圧力0.3MPa;Koppシーリング機を使用してフィルムをシールすることにより、および100mm/分のクロスヘッド速度を有するZwick引張試験機でシールを試験することにより明らかにすることができる。
Claims (1)
- 熱可塑性組成物から形成される通気性フィルムであって、
前記熱可塑性組成物が、
(a)ブロックコポリエーテルエステル、ブロックコポリエーテルアミド、および/またはポリウレタンを25〜90重量%、
(b)低密度ポリエチレン、線状低密度ポリエチレン、高密度ポリエチレン、超低密度ポリエチレンおよび/またはポリプロピレンを10〜70重量%、および
(c)無水マレイン酸、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、フマル酸、イタコン酸、クロトン酸、無水イタコン酸、および/または置換された無水マレイン酸でグラフトされたポリエチレンを0.1〜15重量%、
含み、
(i)前記フィルムが、インフレートフィルム加工によって得られ、かつ、
(ii)フィルムの透湿度(MVTR)をASTM E 96 BWにしたがって測定したとき、前記(a)、(b)および(c)から形成されたフィルムの透湿度が、前記(a)および(b)から形成されたフィルムの透湿度より大きいことを特徴とする、通気性フィルム。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT93120042.2 | 1993-12-13 | ||
EP93120042A EP0657502A1 (en) | 1993-12-13 | 1993-12-13 | Thermoplastic composition containing compatibilizer |
PCT/US1994/014365 WO1995016746A1 (en) | 1993-12-13 | 1994-12-13 | Breathable film |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH09507508A JPH09507508A (ja) | 1997-07-29 |
JP3732855B2 true JP3732855B2 (ja) | 2006-01-11 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP51691995A Expired - Fee Related JP3732855B2 (ja) | 1993-12-13 | 1994-12-13 | 熱可塑性組成物から形成される通気性フィルム |
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EP (2) | EP0657502A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3732855B2 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69430007T2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1995016746A1 (ja) |
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-
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- 1993-12-13 EP EP93120042A patent/EP0657502A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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1994
- 1994-12-13 WO PCT/US1994/014365 patent/WO1995016746A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-12-13 DE DE69430007T patent/DE69430007T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-12-13 EP EP95905373A patent/EP0734419B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-12-13 JP JP51691995A patent/JP3732855B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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EP0657502A1 (en) | 1995-06-14 |
JPH09507508A (ja) | 1997-07-29 |
EP0734419B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 |
EP0734419A4 (en) | 1996-07-26 |
DE69430007D1 (de) | 2002-04-04 |
EP0734419A1 (en) | 1996-10-02 |
WO1995016746A1 (en) | 1995-06-22 |
DE69430007T2 (de) | 2002-09-26 |
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