JP3032142B2 - 吸気管を製造する方法 - Google Patents
吸気管を製造する方法Info
- Publication number
- JP3032142B2 JP3032142B2 JP7271013A JP27101395A JP3032142B2 JP 3032142 B2 JP3032142 B2 JP 3032142B2 JP 7271013 A JP7271013 A JP 7271013A JP 27101395 A JP27101395 A JP 27101395A JP 3032142 B2 JP3032142 B2 JP 3032142B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sealing surface
- plastic casing
- plastic
- casing part
- tool
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/1034—Manufacturing and assembling intake systems
- F02M35/10354—Joining multiple sections together
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
- B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/301—Three-dimensional joints, i.e. the joined area being substantially non-flat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
- B29C66/543—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining more than two hollow-preforms to form said hollow articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D22/00—Producing hollow articles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B27/00—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues
- F02B27/02—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means
- F02B27/0226—Use of kinetic or wave energy of charge in induction systems, or of combustion residues in exhaust systems, for improving quantity of charge or for increasing removal of combustion residues the systems having variable, i.e. adjustable, cross-sectional areas, chambers of variable volume, or like variable means characterised by the means generating the charging effect
- F02B27/0247—Plenum chambers; Resonance chambers or resonance pipes
- F02B27/0263—Plenum chambers; Resonance chambers or resonance pipes the plenum chamber and at least one of the intake ducts having a common wall, and the intake ducts wrap partially around the plenum chamber, i.e. snail-type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10006—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by the position of elements of the air intake system in direction of the air intake flow, i.e. between ambient air inlet and supply to the combustion chamber
- F02M35/10026—Plenum chambers
- F02M35/10039—Intake ducts situated partly within or on the plenum chamber housing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10314—Materials for intake systems
- F02M35/10321—Plastics; Composites; Rubbers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/104—Intake manifolds
- F02M35/112—Intake manifolds for engines with cylinders all in one line
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/748—Machines or parts thereof not otherwise provided for
- B29L2031/749—Motors
- B29L2031/7492—Intake manifold
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
- F05C2225/08—Thermoplastics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
を備えた少くとも2つのプラスチックケーシング部分
と、第1又は第2プラスチックケーシング部分と協働し
て該プラスチックケーシング部分の中空室内に位置する
振動管横断面を形成する、対応するシール面を備えた、
少くとも1つの挿入部分とから成る、組み立てられた吸
気管を製造する方法に関する。
構造体が、国際特許第92/12 845号明細書によ
って公知である。該中空室構造体を吸込管として内燃機
関に使用しようとする場合には、運転パラメータの変更
希望があっても振動管横断面及び長さが一定であるとい
う欠点が存在している。別の輪郭のものを製造するため
には新しい工具を準備する必要がある。更には付加的
に、振動管横断面に対応する外方容積を有していなけれ
ばならない。このことは、一方では製造上の経費が嵩
み、そのため中空室構造体が高価になることを意味して
いる。他方ではこのことは、中空構造体の構造が大きく
なり、かつ例へばフランジ結合部の負荷が増大すること
を意味している。
は、冒頭で述べた形式の方法を充分に改良して、柔軟性
に富んだ確実かつ安価な製造方法を提供することにあ
る。
プが次のステップ、つまり (イ) 第1シール面を備えた第1プラスチックケーシ
ング部分を製造し、 (ロ) 第2シール面を備えた第2プラスチックケーシ
ング部分を製造し、 (ハ) シール面を備えた少くとも1つの挿入部分を製
造し、 (ニ) 第1プラスチックケーシング部分を第1シール
面の周辺で支持する第1工具内に、第1プラスチックケ
ーシング部分を装着し、 (ホ) 第2プラスチックケーシング部分を第2シール
面の周辺で支持する第2工具内に、第2プラスチックケ
ーシング部分を装着し、 (ヘ) 1つ又は複数の挿入部分を第1又は第2プラス
チックケーシング部分内に挿入して、振動管横断面が形
成されうるようにし、 (ト) 対応するシール面を備えた部分を位置調整して
対応するシール面が相互に接触しうるようにし、 (チ) 全シール面上に結合力を負荷するために、少く
とも一方の工具を他方の工具に対し相対的に移動させ
て、プラスチックケーシング部分を結合するための摩擦
力を発生させる、以上(イ)(ロ)(ハ)(ニ)(ホ)
(ヘ)(ト)(チ)のステップから成っていることによ
って、上記課題を解決することができた。
いる場合に回転モーメント出力特性を変えるという要求
が出された場合には、振動管の長さも直径も共に変える
のが普通である。
ケーシング部分に対しては同一の工具が使用できるの
で、新しい構造の工具を省くことができる。このように
行われる製造方法は極めて柔軟性に富んでいて、僅かな
製作数の場合にも経済的に使用することができる。コン
パクトな構造形式であるため、フランジ付けされた付加
部分の負荷も小さくて済む。
グ部分1と、シール面2と、所属のシール面6を備えた
挿入部分5と、シール面2に対応するシール面4を備え
たプラスチックケーシング部分3とから成っている吸気
管の分解図が図示されている。本実施例の場合には挿入
部分5がプラスチックケーシング部分1内でクリップ止
めされているため、シール面6とプラスチックケーシン
グ部分1の内方側部とが密接した振動管7を形成してい
る(図3)。
されていて、吸気管9が所属のフランジ8と共に図示さ
れている。
から、プラスチックケーシング部分(1,3)が同じで
あっても異なった挿入部分5を用いて、異なった振動菅
断面を形成することができることが判るであろう。概略
的に示唆された挿入部分10を用いて、断面積の小さな
振動管を実現することができる。
分1,3が同じであっても、異なった挿入部分5を用い
て異なった振動管長さを実現することができる。概略的
に図示された挿入部分10はより短い振動管長さを示し
ている。
けで振動管長さを変えうることが、概略的に示唆されて
いる。
シング部分、 2第1シール面、 3 第2プラス
チックケーシング部分、 4 第2シール面、 5
挿入部分、 6 シール面、 7 振動管横断
面、 8 フランジ、 9 中空室構造体、 1
0 挿入部分
Claims (1)
- 【請求項1】 対応するシール面を備えた少くとも2つ
のプラスチックケーシング部分と、第1又は第2プラス
チックケーシング部分と協働して該プラスチックケーシ
ング部分の中空室内に位置する振動管横断面を形成す
る、対応するシール面を備えた、少くとも1つの挿入部
分とから成る、組み立てられた吸気管を製造する方法に
おいて、該方法が次のステップ、つまり (イ) 第1シール面(2)を備えた第1プラスチック
ケーシング部分(1)を製造し、 (ロ) 第2シール面(4)を備えた第2プラスチック
ケーシング部分(3)を製造し、 (ハ) シール面(6)を備えた少くとも1つの挿入部
分(5)を製造し、 (ニ) 第1プラスチックケーシング部分(1)を第1
シール面(2)の周辺で支持する第1工具内に、第1プ
ラスチックケーシング部分(1)を装着し、 (ホ) 第2プラスチックケーシング部分(3)を第2
シール面(4)の周辺で支持する第2工具内に、第2プ
ラスチックケーシング部分(3)を装着し、 (ヘ) 1つ又は複数の挿入部分を第1又は第2プラス
チックケーシング部分内に挿入して、振動管横断面が形
成されうるようにし、 (ト) 対応するシール面を備えた部分を位置調整して
対応するシール面が相互に接触しうるようにし、 (チ) 全シール面上に結合力を負荷するために、少く
とも一方の工具を他方の工具に対し相対的に移動させ
て、プラスチックケーシング部分を結合するための摩擦
力を発生させる、 以上(イ)(ロ)(ハ)(ニ)(ホ)(ヘ)(ト)
(チ)のステップから成っていることを特徴とする、吸
気管を製造する方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4437677.4 | 1994-10-21 | ||
DE4437677A DE4437677C2 (de) | 1994-10-21 | 1994-10-21 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Saugrohren und Saugrohr aus Kunststoff |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH08252864A JPH08252864A (ja) | 1996-10-01 |
JP3032142B2 true JP3032142B2 (ja) | 2000-04-10 |
Family
ID=6531378
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP7271013A Expired - Lifetime JP3032142B2 (ja) | 1994-10-21 | 1995-10-19 | 吸気管を製造する方法 |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5575249A (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3032142B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100361112B1 (ja) |
BR (1) | BR9504832A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2161038A1 (ja) |
DE (1) | DE4437677C2 (ja) |
FR (1) | FR2725935B1 (ja) |
GB (1) | GB2295215B (ja) |
IT (1) | IT1276195B1 (ja) |
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US7451732B1 (en) * | 2008-01-30 | 2008-11-18 | Mann & Hummel Gmbh | Multi-shell air intake manifold with passage for map sensor and method of producing same |
US7967106B2 (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2011-06-28 | Ford Global Technologies | Air induction sound modification system for internal combustion engine |
JP2019127881A (ja) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-08-01 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関のインテークマニホールド |
EP4166778A1 (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2023-04-19 | MANN+HUMMEL GmbH | Plastics body and method for manufacturing the same |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE1704387A1 (de) * | 1967-01-04 | 1972-01-13 | Woodall Industries Inc | Hohler Kunststoffbauteil |
CH472129A (de) * | 1967-06-10 | 1969-04-30 | Dahl Manfred | Installationskanal mit einer Trennwand |
DE2502673B2 (de) * | 1975-01-23 | 1978-10-12 | A. Kayser Kg Industrietechnik, 3352 Einbeck | Unterdrucksteuerelement |
FR2493216A1 (fr) * | 1980-11-03 | 1982-05-07 | Peugeot | Ensemble composite assemble par soudage par vibration |
JPS57178826A (en) * | 1981-04-30 | 1982-11-04 | Akira Washida | Method of welding ethylene tetrafluoride resin by ultrasonic wave |
DE3211925A1 (de) * | 1982-03-31 | 1983-10-13 | New-York Hamburger Gummi-Waaren Co, 2100 Hamburg | Verfahren zum verbinden zweier thermoplastischer gehaeuseteile unter einschluss eines beweglichen teils |
GB2174454B (en) * | 1985-05-04 | 1988-11-09 | Austin Rover Group | Inlet manifold for v configuration internal combustion engine |
US4776313A (en) * | 1987-06-01 | 1988-10-11 | Ford Motor Company | Compact integrated engine induction air/fuel system |
BE1003470A3 (nl) * | 1988-11-09 | 1992-03-31 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Kokerleiding. |
FR2639309A1 (fr) * | 1988-11-21 | 1990-05-25 | Elkaplast France Sa | Becquet, procede de fabrication de ce becquet et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede |
FR2645585B1 (fr) * | 1989-04-10 | 1991-07-19 | Matiere Marcel | Ouvrage tubulaire souterrain et son procede de realisation |
DE8914049U1 (de) * | 1989-11-29 | 1990-02-01 | Pierburg GmbH, 4040 Neuss | Luftansaugkanalsystem für Brennkraftmaschinen |
US5129544A (en) * | 1990-11-08 | 1992-07-14 | Jacobson Wendell L | Laminated fuel tank structure |
GB2268117B (en) * | 1991-01-22 | 1995-06-07 | Rover Group | Fabrication of a composite plastics structure,particularly an internal combustion engine inlet manifold |
JP3384492B2 (ja) * | 1992-02-05 | 2003-03-10 | 富士重工業株式会社 | 樹脂製吸気管の製造方法 |
FR2688165B1 (fr) * | 1992-03-04 | 1995-04-21 | Eaton Sa Monaco | Procede d'assemblage de pieces en matiere plastique par soudure ultrasonique, et son application aux vannes electromagnetiques. |
US5273010A (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1993-12-28 | General Motors Corporation | Intake manifold |
DE4330566A1 (de) * | 1993-09-09 | 1995-03-16 | Porsche Ag | Luftansaugsystem einer Brennkraftmaschine |
-
1994
- 1994-10-21 DE DE4437677A patent/DE4437677C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
- 1995-09-21 FR FR9511101A patent/FR2725935B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-09-25 IT IT95RM000634A patent/IT1276195B1/it active IP Right Grant
- 1995-09-26 GB GB9519605A patent/GB2295215B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-10-10 KR KR1019950034632A patent/KR100361112B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-16 BR BR9504832A patent/BR9504832A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1995-10-19 JP JP7271013A patent/JP3032142B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-10-20 CA CA002161038A patent/CA2161038A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1995-10-20 US US08/546,034 patent/US5575249A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4437677C2 (de) | 1997-12-04 |
IT1276195B1 (it) | 1997-10-27 |
FR2725935A1 (fr) | 1996-04-26 |
KR100361112B1 (ko) | 2003-02-07 |
JPH08252864A (ja) | 1996-10-01 |
GB9519605D0 (en) | 1995-11-29 |
BR9504832A (pt) | 1997-10-07 |
FR2725935B1 (fr) | 1999-10-22 |
ITRM950634A1 (it) | 1997-03-25 |
ITRM950634A0 (ja) | 1995-09-25 |
US5575249A (en) | 1996-11-19 |
DE4437677A1 (de) | 1996-04-25 |
GB2295215A (en) | 1996-05-22 |
CA2161038A1 (en) | 1996-04-22 |
KR960013631A (ko) | 1996-05-22 |
GB2295215B (en) | 1998-09-09 |
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