JP2015532655A - 新規生弱毒化赤痢菌属(Shigella)ワクチン - Google Patents
新規生弱毒化赤痢菌属(Shigella)ワクチン Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
目的は、請求されるような主題によって解決される。
−細菌抗原、好ましくは毒素またはコロニー形成因子、
−ウイルス抗原、好ましくは経腸または粘膜感染を引き起こす病原体由来のもの、
−真菌抗原、好ましくは経腸または粘膜感染を引き起こす病原体由来のもの、および
−寄生虫抗原、好ましくは経腸感染を引き起こす病原体由来のもの
からなる群より選択されるものである、ワクチンを指す。
a. 大腸菌抗原、特に、ETECのLTB、突然変異LTAおよびST、そのサブユニットまたは融合体からなる群より選択されるエンテロトキシン、腸管凝集性大腸菌(EAEC)由来の抗原、あるいは志賀毒素様毒素1または2
b.カンピロバクター・ジェジュニ(Campylobacter jejuni)抗原
c.クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ(Clostridium difficile)抗原、特に毒素AおよびB
d.コレラ菌(Vibrio cholera)抗原、特にCT−B抗原、ならびに
e.a)、b)、c)またはd)の突然変異体または融合タンパク質
からなる群より選択される、腸管病原性細菌から生じる。
−赤痢菌属および赤痢菌属以外の種の少なくとも1つの他の病原体の防御抗原を、前記病原体の防御抗原を内因性修飾組換え侵入プラスミドに取り込むことによって発現している多価ワクチンを用い、そして
−前記感染性疾患が、任意の赤痢菌属血清型または種および/または前記病原体によって引き起こされる
本発明にしたがって使用するためのワクチンを指す。
・血清群A:S.ディセンテリエ(12血清型)
・血清群B:S.フレックスネリ(15血清型および下位血清型)
・血清群C:S.ボイディー(18血清型)
・血清群D:S.ソネイ(1血清型)
病原性赤痢菌属株は、本明細書において、弱毒化の目的のため、臨床的に知られる病原性株または病原性因子を含有すると同定される株であることも可能である。特に、株は、S.フレックスネリ、S.ソネイ、S.ディセンテリエおよびS.ボイディー、特にS.フレックスネリ2a、例えばS.フレックスネリ2a 2457T(ATCC 700930、DNA=700930D−5)、またはCIP 107659(パスツール研究所、フランス)のいずれかより選択される。
NSSNYCCELCCXXACTGCY(配列番号1)
であり、式中
12位のXは、N、KまたはRであり、そして/または
13位のXは、P、G、LまたはFであり、
ここで、STmは、野生型配列:
NSSNYCCELCCNPACTGCY(配列番号2)
を排除する。
1. LPS O抗原を欠くラフ赤痢菌属株、好ましくは非侵入性株に基づく、生弱毒化赤痢菌属ワクチン。
−細菌抗原、好ましくは毒素またはコロニー形成因子、
−ウイルス抗原、好ましくは経腸または粘膜感染を引き起こす病原体由来のもの、
−真菌抗原、好ましくは経腸または粘膜感染を引き起こす病原体由来のもの、および
−寄生虫抗原、好ましくは経腸感染を引き起こす病原体由来のもの
からなる群より選択される、定義8記載のワクチン。
a.大腸菌抗原、特に、ETECのLTB、突然変異LTAおよびST、そのサブユニットまたは融合体からなる群より選択されるエンテロトキシン、腸管凝集性大腸菌(EAEC)由来の抗原、または志賀毒素様毒素1または2
b.カンピロバクター・ジェジュニ抗原
c.クロストリジウム・ディフィシレ抗原、特に毒素AおよびB
d.コレラ菌抗原、特にCT−B抗原、ならびに
e.a)、b)、c)またはd)の突然変異体または融合タンパク質
からなる群より選択される、腸管病原性細菌から生じる、定義9記載のワクチン。
−前記感染性疾患が、任意の赤痢菌属血清型または種および/または前記病原体によって引き起こされる
定義16〜19のいずれか記載の使用のためのワクチン。
方法
細菌株および培養条件
細菌をルーチンに、ルリア・ベルタニ(LB)ブロス中、または寒天プレート上で増殖させた。ipaタンパク質を発現する、損なわれていない侵入プラスミドの検出のため、0.01%コンゴーレッド色素(Sigma−Aldrich)を補充したトリプチックソイ寒天(TSA)プレートを用いた。新鮮培養は常に、コンゴーレッド陽性(CRP)コロニーで開始し、プラスミド所持を確実にした。適切な場合、以下の濃度の抗生物質を培地に補った:アンピシリン100μg/ml、カナマイシン100μg/ml、クロラムフェニコール25μg/ml。
以前記載されたマウス肺モデル(van de Vergら, Infect Immun 63:1947−1954, 1995)において、すべてのin vivo研究を行った。6〜8週齢の雌BALB/cマウスを、5mg/mlケタミン(Calipsol、Richter Gedeon、ハンガリー)および0.3mg/mlキシラジン(Primasine、Alfasan)の混合物で腹腔内麻酔した。
新鮮なCRプレートから接種した細菌を、LBブロス中で一晩増殖させた。96ウェルプレート(C.E.B.、フランス)を、炭酸緩衝液(pH9.5)中、4℃で、0.1mlの洗浄細菌懸濁物(5x108CFU/ml)で一晩コーティングした。翌日、0.05%Tween20を含有するPBSでプレートを洗浄し、そして次いで、2%BSA(Sigma−Aldrich)を含有するPBSで、室温で1時間、ブロッキングした。BALおよび血清試料を、0.5%BSAを含有するPBS中で希釈し、そして抗原コーティングプレートと37℃で1時間インキュベーションした。プレートに渡って、連続希釈を行った。3回の洗浄後、プレートを、HRPO(Dako A/S、デンマーク)とコンジュゲート化した抗マウスIgG(血清IgGに関して)または抗マウスIgA(BAL試料に関して)免疫グロブリンで探査した。ELISA基質は、H2O2を含有するクエン酸緩衝液中に溶解したo−フェニレンジアミン(Sigma−Aldrich)であった。慣用的なELISAプレート読み取り装置上、492nmで、ODを測定した。同じ希釈(1:10)のΔaro CRP BAL試料の反応性に関連して、免疫反応性を表した。4回の独立のアッセイから、平均+SEMを計算した。
ReedおよびMuench6の統計法で、50%致死用量を計算した。Windows用のGraphPad Prismバージョン5.00を用いたログ−ランク(マンテル−コックス)検定で、生存曲線の統計分析を行った。BALのIgA力価を、マン−ホイットニー・ノンパラメトリック分析で比較した。0.05より低い場合、p値を有意と見なした。
弱毒化シゲラ・フレックスネリ2457T(血清型2a)ワクチン株で免疫し、そして野生型赤痢菌属株に曝露した動物の生存曲線に基づいて、rfbF遺伝子欠失と、侵入プラスミド喪失を、異種曝露設定において組み合わせることによって、相乗的防御効果が観察された。コンゴーレッド陰性(CNR、侵入プラスミド欠失を伴う)シゲラ・フレックスネリ2457T(2a)ΔrfbF株での免疫により、コンゴーレッド陽性(CNP、損なわれていない侵入プラスミド)シゲラ・フレックスネリ2aΔrfbF株のものに比較して、動物を異種シゲラ・フレックスネリ6株に曝露した際に、有意により優れた防御が達成された(図1b)。野生型シゲラ・フレックスネリ544株(2a)での相同曝露の場合、両方のワクチン株は等しく防御性であり、相同曝露に関して、rfbF遺伝子の欠失であっても十分であることが示唆される(図1a)。ワクチン接種有効性の相違は、より高い許容されうるΔrfbF−侵入プラスミド二重突然変異体での致死量未満の曝露用量に部分的に関連するようであるが、二重突然変異体と匹敵する曝露用量で用いたCRN Δaro(対照)株が、相同および異種曝露実験の両方において、部分的な防御を誘導したため(図1a、b)、完全に説明できるわけではない。
突然変異体構築のための供給源物質は、上述のようなATCC株シゲラ・フレックスネリ2a 2457Tである。Red組換え酵素技術を用いて、rfbFおよびipaBおよびipaC遺伝子、ならびにppa遺伝子の欠失を行う(Datsenko,K.A. & Wanner,B.L. PCR産物を用いた、大腸菌K−12における染色体遺伝子の一工程不活性化。 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 97, 6640−6645(2000))。
細菌性赤痢のマウス肺モデルにおいて、同質遺伝子的突然変異体株対その親野生型株の病原性弱毒化を示した。各株に関する最低致死用量を決定するため、異なる細菌株の10倍連続希釈(106〜108cfuの間)で、マウス群を鼻内感染させた。野生型株の場合、それぞれ106、107および108cfu/マウス用量で、30、50、および100%致死性が見られた。対照的に、同質遺伝子的突然変異体2457TΔrfb、2457TΔipaBC、または二重突然変異体2457TΔrfbΔipaBCのいずれでも、いかなる試験用量でも、マウスは死ななかった。これらの結果は、対応する遺伝子の欠失に際して、すべての突然変異体において高い病原性減弱があることを示唆する。
Claims (15)
- LPS O抗原を欠き、侵入プラスミドの突然変異によって非侵入性であるラフ(rough)赤痢菌属(Shigella)株に基づく、生弱毒化赤痢菌属ワクチン。
- 好ましくは、rfbオペロンのクラスター中の遺伝子、あるいはO抗原合成をコードするrfb/wbb遺伝子クラスター内の1またはそれより多い遺伝子、O抗原リガーゼをコードするwaaL、O抗原輸送に関与するO抗原フリッパーゼをコードするwzx、O抗原重合に関与するwzy/rfc、LPS−コア合成をコードするrfa/waa遺伝子クラスター内の遺伝子、O抗原発現に影響を及ぼす制御遺伝子、例えばrfaH、あるいはO抗原発現の少なくとも90%の減少を生じる機能喪失型(単数または複数)からなる群より選択される、LPS合成、輸送および発現に関与する1またはそれより多い遺伝子の突然変異誘発によって弱毒化されている、請求項1記載のワクチン。
- 前記赤痢菌属株が、赤痢菌属、特にS.フレックスネリ(S. flexneri)、S.ソネイ(S. sonnei)、S.ディセンテリエ(S. dysentheriae)およびS.ボイディー(S. boydii)より選択される、請求項1または2記載のワクチン。
- 赤痢菌属の異なる血清型および種に対して、特にS.フレックスネリ2a、S.フレックスネリ6およびS.ソネイ、または腸管侵入性(enterinvasive)大腸菌(Escherichia coli)のいずれかに対して交差防御性である、請求項1〜3のいずれか記載のワクチン。
- 侵入プラスミドの前記突然変異が、ipaBおよび/またはipaCおよび/または他のipa遺伝子の欠失を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか記載のワクチン。
- 前記赤痢菌属が、異種抗原をコードする少なくとも1つの遺伝子を取り込み、前記抗原を分泌するかまたは前記抗原を細菌細胞表面上に発現する、組換え内因性侵入プラスミドを含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか記載のワクチン。
- 前記抗原が
−細菌抗原、好ましくは毒素またはコロニー形成因子、
−ウイルス抗原、好ましくは経腸または粘膜感染を引き起こす病原体由来のもの、
−真菌抗原、好ましくは経腸または粘膜感染を引き起こす病原体由来のもの、および
−寄生虫抗原、好ましくは経腸感染を引き起こす病原体由来のもの
からなる群より選択される、請求項6記載のワクチン。 - 細菌抗原が、熱不安定性毒素のBサブユニット(LTB)、熱安定性毒素(ST)、あるいはそのサブユニットまたは融合体を含むエンテロトキシン(ETEC)、好ましくは、配列番号1に示すようなアミノ酸配列を含むSTmを含むLTB/STmである、請求項7記載のワクチン。
- 前記赤痢菌属が、必須染色体遺伝子の欠失および侵入プラスミド内への前記遺伝子の挿入をさらに含む、請求項1〜8のいずれか記載のワクチン。
- 感染性疾患、好ましくは経腸疾患を防止するため、被験体の予防において使用するための、請求項1〜9のいずれか記載のワクチン。
- 経口または鼻内投与される、請求項10記載の使用のためのワクチン。
- −赤痢菌属および赤痢菌属以外の種の少なくとも1つの病原体の防御抗原を、前記病原体の防御抗原を内因性侵入プラスミド内に取り込むことによって発現している多価ワクチンを用い、そして
−前記感染性疾患が、任意の赤痢菌属血清型または種および/または前記病原体によって引き起こされる
請求項10または11記載の使用のためのワクチン。 - rfbFならびにipaBおよび/またはipaC遺伝子の少なくとも1つの欠失、あるいはその必須部分の欠失を有する、S.フレックスネリ2a株である、赤痢菌属株。
- 異種抗原をコードする少なくとも1つの遺伝子を取り込み、前記抗原を発現し、および/または分泌する、組換え侵入プラスミドを含む、請求項13記載の赤痢菌属株。
- 少なくとも1つの異種抗原をコードするヌクレオチド配列を含む突然変異赤痢菌属侵入プラスミドに基づく組換えプラスミドベクターであって、プラスミドがipaBおよび/またはipaC遺伝子の少なくとも1つにおいて突然変異している、前記プラスミドベクター。
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