JP2013189900A - 排気ガス浄化装置 - Google Patents
排気ガス浄化装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013189900A JP2013189900A JP2012056026A JP2012056026A JP2013189900A JP 2013189900 A JP2013189900 A JP 2013189900A JP 2012056026 A JP2012056026 A JP 2012056026A JP 2012056026 A JP2012056026 A JP 2012056026A JP 2013189900 A JP2013189900 A JP 2013189900A
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 60
- 206010021198 ichthyosis Diseases 0.000 description 38
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 38
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 38
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/103—Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9459—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
- B01D53/9477—Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts with catalysts positioned on separate bricks, e.g. exhaust systems
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- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate silencers in series
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- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0864—Oxygen
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B01D2255/90—Physical characteristics of catalysts
- B01D2255/908—O2-storage component incorporated in the catalyst
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2340/02—Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatus; Spatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses characterised by the distance of the apparatus to the engine, or the distance between two exhaust treating apparatuses
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/05—High pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust system upstream of the turbine and reintroduced into the intake system downstream of the compressor
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- F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
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- F02M26/04—EGR systems specially adapted for supercharged engines with a single turbocharger
- F02M26/06—Low pressure loops, i.e. wherein recirculated exhaust gas is taken out from the exhaust downstream of the turbocharger turbine and reintroduced into the intake system upstream of the compressor
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- F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
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Abstract
【解決手段】エンジン10の排気ポート30pからターボチャージャ13との間の排気経路30にDOC31とDPF32を設置し、そのDPF32の上流側に尿素噴射ノズル33を配置し、ターボチャージャ13下流側の排気管にSCR34を配置したものである。
【選択図】図1
Description
2NH3+H2O+SO3→(NH4)2SO4
の反応で、硫酸アンモニウム(硫安)が生成する。
(NH4)2SO4+CaCO3→(NH4)2CO3+CaSO4
の反応を生じ、炭酸アンモニウムが生成する。
(NH4)2CO3→2NH3+H2O+CO2
の反応で、NH3が生成する。
(NH4)2SO4+CaCO3→(NH4)2CO3+CaSO4
の反応を生じる。生成した炭酸アンモニウム((NH4)2CO3)は58℃以上で次のような熱分解を生じる。
(NH4)2CO3→2NH3+H2O+CO2
13 ターボチャージャ
30 排気経路
31 DOC
32 DPF
33 尿素噴射ノズル
34 SCR
Claims (8)
- エンジンの排気ポートからターボチャージャとの間の排気経路にDOCとDPFを設置し、そのDPFの上流側に尿素噴射ノズルを配置し、ターボチャージャ下流側の排気管にSCRを配置したことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置。
- エンジンの各排気ポートにDOCを配置し、排気マニホールドとターボチャージャ間にDPFを配置すると共にそのDPFの上流側に尿素噴射ノズルを配置し、ターボチャージャ下流側の排気管にSCRを配置したことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置。
- エンジンの各排気ポートに前段DOCを配置し、排気マニホールドとターボチャージャ間に、後段DOCとDPFを配置し、その後段DOCとDPF間に尿素噴射ノズルを配置し、ターボチャージャ下流側の排気管にSCRを配置したことを特徴とする排気ガス浄化装置。
- 前記前段DOC内の触媒層が、CO浄化に優れるOSCを有する材料と酸化物半導体を含む触媒を配置して形成され、前記後段DOC内の触媒層が、HC浄化に優れる金属触媒を配置して形成される請求項3記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
- 前記前段DOC内の触媒層が、OSCを有する酸化物と酸化物半導体を混在した触媒を触媒を配置して形成され、前記後段DOC内の触媒層が、HC吸着材と貴金属触媒が混在した触媒を配置して形成される請求項3記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
- 前記OSCを有する酸化物がCeを含む酸化物で、酸化物半導体がTiO2、ZnO、Y2O3である請求項4又は5記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
- 排気マニホールドの排気ガスをエンジンの吸気側に戻す高圧EGR管と、前記SCR下流側の排気ガスをターボチャージャのコンプレッサの吸気側に戻す低圧EGR管を備えた請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
- 前記尿素噴射ノズルで噴射し、尿素から生成したアンモニアの一部が排気ガス中のSOxと反応して硫酸アンモニウムが生成され、さらに後段のDPFでPMを燃焼させた後に生じる灰分成分である炭酸カルシウムと前記硫酸アンモニウムとが反応して炭酸アンモニウムと硫酸カルシウムが生成され、かつ生成した炭酸アンモニウムが熱分解されて生成したアンモニアが前記SCRでのNOx浄化反応に使用される請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載の排気ガス浄化装置。
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CN201380013836.9A CN104169537A (zh) | 2012-03-13 | 2013-03-13 | 废气净化装置 |
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