JP5630024B2 - ディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置及び排気浄化方法 - Google Patents
ディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置及び排気浄化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5630024B2 JP5630024B2 JP2010013413A JP2010013413A JP5630024B2 JP 5630024 B2 JP5630024 B2 JP 5630024B2 JP 2010013413 A JP2010013413 A JP 2010013413A JP 2010013413 A JP2010013413 A JP 2010013413A JP 5630024 B2 JP5630024 B2 JP 5630024B2
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- Prior art keywords
- oxidation catalyst
- exhaust
- exhaust gas
- catalyst
- diesel engine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 93
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 37
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- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 19
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
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- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
先ず、本発明の実施形態と対比するための比較例を図1を用いて述べる。
以上説明した比較例の欠点を解消した本発明の一実施形態を図2を用いて述べる。本実施形態は上述した比較例と共通の構成要素を有するので、共通の構成要素には共通の符号を付して説明を省略する。なお、排気浄化装置17については、添字「a」が付されているものが比較例を表し、添字「a」が無いものが本実施形態を表す。
DOC19は、エンジン1の排気マニホールド4の各気筒部分に配置されたマニホールド酸化触媒(M/F−DOC)19xと、排気マニホールド4の集合部分に配置されたプレタービン酸化触媒(P/T−DOC)19yとを有する。上流側のM/F−DOC19xは、下流側のP/T−DOC19yよりもCO浄化に優れたものが用いられ、下流側のP/T−DOC19yは、上流側のM/F−DOC19xよりもHC浄化に優れたものが用いられる。DOCは、一般的に、排気ガス中にCOが存在しない方がHCの吸着・浄化が良好であり、排気ガス中にHCが存在していてもCOの吸着・浄化が悪化することはないという性質を有するからである。
尿素噴射ノズル22は、低圧段タービン13の上流の排気配管5に配設されている。このため、尿素噴射ノズル22から噴霧された尿素水が低圧段タービン13によって攪拌され、低圧段タービン13の下流側で略均一に拡散され、尿素の加水分解や熱分解が促進される。よって、尿素噴射ノズル22の尿素噴射位置からSCR23の入口までの距離を比較例よりも近付けることができ、既述のように、SCR23の温度を比較例よりも高めることができると共に、排気浄化装置17のコンパクト化を推進できる。
DPF20は、捕集したPMを燃焼(酸化)するための酸化触媒が塗布されていないもの、或いは、アンモニア(NH3)を酸化せずPMを酸化する特殊な酸化触媒が塗布されたものが用いられる。DPF20にてNH3が酸化されてしまうと、DPF20の下流に配置されたSCR23において、NH3を利用したNOxの還元反応(浄化反応)が行えなくなるからである。
SCR23は、ケーシング26内にDPF20の下流に位置して配設されており、排気ガス中のNOxをアンモニア(NH3)と還元反応させることで水と窒素に無害化する機能を有する。
R−DOC24は、ケーシング26内にSCR23の下流に位置して配設されており、SCR23における還元反応で消費されずにSCR23から流出した余剰のアンモニア(NH3)を酸化して無害化する機能を有する。
4 排気マニホールド
7 排気通路
9 ターボチャージャ(低圧段ターボチャージャ)
13 タービン(低圧段タービン)
19 酸化触媒(DOC)
19x マニホールド酸化触媒(M/F−DOC)
19y プレタービン酸化触媒(P/T−DOC)
22 尿素噴射ノズル
20 ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタ(DPF)
23 選択還元型触媒(SCR)
24 後段酸化触媒(R−DOC)
Claims (8)
- ディーゼルエンジンの排気通路に配置され、排気ガス中のCO、HCを浄化する酸化触媒と、
該酸化触媒よりも下流の前記排気通路に配置されたターボチャージャのタービンと、
該タービンよりも下流の前記排気通路に配置され、排気ガスを浄化する後処理ユニットとを備え、
前記酸化触媒が、第1酸化触媒と第2酸化触媒とを有し、前記第1酸化触媒の下流に前記第2酸化触媒が配置され、かつ前記第1酸化触媒は、前記第2酸化触媒よりもCO浄化に優れていることを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 前記後処理ユニットは、排気ガス中のパティキュレートマターを捕集するディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタを有し、該ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタは、酸化触媒が塗布されていないもの、或いはアンモニアを酸化せずパティキュレートマターを酸化する酸化触媒が塗布されたものである
請求項1に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 排気ガス中に尿素水を噴霧する尿素噴射ノズルを有し、該尿素噴射ノズルが、前記タービンの上流の前記排気通路で且つ前記酸化触媒の下流の前記排気通路に配置され、
前記後処理ユニットよりも下流の前記排気通路に、前記後処理ユニットから流出したアンモニアを酸化して無害化するための後段酸化触媒を更に配置した
請求項2に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 前記後処理ユニットが、排ガス中のNOxをアンモニアと還元反応させる選択還元型触媒を備え、
前記第1酸化触媒が、前記ディーゼルエンジンの排気マニホールドの各気筒部分に配置されたマニホールド酸化触媒からなり、前記第2酸化触媒が、前記排気マニホールドの集合部分に配置されたプレタービン酸化触媒からなり、
前記プレタービン酸化触媒が、前記マニホールド酸化触媒よりもHC浄化に優れたものである
請求項2又は3に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 前記マニホールド酸化触媒が、酸素吸蔵材を有する酸化物と酸化物半導体とを含む触媒であり、
前記プレタービン酸化触媒が、金属触媒である
請求項4に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 前記酸素吸蔵材を有する酸化物が、Ceを含む酸化物であり、
前記酸化物半導体が、TiO2、ZnO又はY2O3である
請求項5に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 前記酸素吸蔵材を有する酸化物に、貴金属が坦持されている
請求項5又は6に記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置。 - 請求項2から7のいずれかに記載のディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化装置を用いた排気浄化方法であって、
前記後処理ユニットは、排気ガス中のNOxをアンモニアと還元反応させる選択還元型触媒を有すると共に該選択還元型触媒が前記ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタよりも下流の前記排気通路に配置され、
前記尿素噴射ノズルから噴霧された尿素水から生成されたアンモニア(NH3)が排気ガス中の硫黄酸化物(SOx)と反応して2NH3+H2SO4→(NH4)2SO4が生じ、
前記ディーゼルパティキュレートフィルタでパティキュレートマターを燃焼させた後に生じる灰分成分であるCaCO3と前記(NH4)2SO4とが反応して(NH4)2SO4+CaCO3→(NH4)2CO3+CaSO4が生じ、
この(NH4)2CO3が熱分解して(NH4)2CO3→2NH3+H2O+CO2が生じ、
このNH3が前記選択還元型触媒で捕捉されてNOxの還元反応に使用される
ことを特徴とするディーゼルエンジンの排気浄化方法。
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US13/574,374 US8636970B2 (en) | 2010-01-25 | 2011-01-24 | Exhaust purification device and exhaust purification method for diesel engine |
CN201180007040.3A CN102725488B (zh) | 2010-01-25 | 2011-01-24 | 柴油机的排气净化装置及排气净化方法 |
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