JP2012530351A - 燃料電池システムを運転するためのシステムおよび方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システムを運転するためのシステムおよび方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2012530351A JP2012530351A JP2012516162A JP2012516162A JP2012530351A JP 2012530351 A JP2012530351 A JP 2012530351A JP 2012516162 A JP2012516162 A JP 2012516162A JP 2012516162 A JP2012516162 A JP 2012516162A JP 2012530351 A JP2012530351 A JP 2012530351A
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- hydrogen
- fuel cell
- reformer
- molten carbonate
- anode
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 526
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 418
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 413
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 413
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 222
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- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 64
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 64
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 39
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 34
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 5
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- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008713 feedback mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDBYNYITZLDJDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Fe+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Fe+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] HDBYNYITZLDJDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- PJDBNXBGLPONPX-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium lithium sodium dicarbonate Chemical compound C([O-])([O-])=O.[Ca+2].[Na+].[Li+].C([O-])([O-])=O PJDBNXBGLPONPX-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide;molecular oxygen Chemical compound O=O.O=C=O UBAZGMLMVVQSCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005586 carbonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu] YOCUPQPZWBBYIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N decane Chemical group CCCCCCCCC[14CH3] DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LCBKDULHZJKFJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium chromium(3+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [Li+].[O--].[O--].[Cr+3] LCBKDULHZJKFJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAZVUEHTVZUNHT-UHFFFAOYSA-J lithium sodium barium(2+) dicarbonate Chemical compound C([O-])([O-])=O.[Ba+2].[Na+].[Li+].C([O-])([O-])=O HAZVUEHTVZUNHT-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- VMJMQRNRWGOEAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium;potassium;carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O VMJMQRNRWGOEAE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- STJUJXONQFLCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium;sodium;carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O STJUJXONQFLCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
アノード電荷移動: CO3 =+H2→H2O+CO2+2e−および
全反応: H2+0.5O2→H2O
一酸化炭素が燃料ガス中に存在する場合、下の化学反応が電池中の電気化学反応を記述している。
アノード電荷移動: CO3 =+H2→H2O+CO2+2e−および
CO3 =+CO→2CO2+2e−
全反応: H2+CO+O2→H2O+CO2
アノードとカソードの間に電流を流れさせるために、電気負荷または貯蔵装置をアノードとカソードの間に接続することができる。電流は、電気負荷に電力を供給または貯蔵装置に電力を供給する。
本発明は、
溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノード部に分子状水素を含む水素含有流を供給すること;
アノードにおける分子状水素の利用率が50%未満であるようにアノードへの水素含有流の流量を制御すること;
溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池からの分子状水素を含むアノード排気を炭化水素を含む炭化水素流と混合し、前記炭化水素流と混合されたアノード排気が500℃から700℃までの温度を有すること;
アノード排気と炭化水素流の混合物の少なくとも一部を触媒と接触させて、1つまたは複数のガス状炭化水素、分子状水素および少なくとも1つの酸化炭素を含む水蒸気改質供給燃料を生産すること;
水蒸気改質供給燃料から分子状水素の少なくとも一部を分離すること;
ならびに
分離された分子状水素の少なくとも一部を、分子状水素を含む水素含有流の少なくとも一部として溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノードに供給すること
を含む、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池を運転する方法を対象とする。
アノードにおける水素利用率が50%未満であるような流量で分子状水素を含む水素含有流を受け入れるように構成されている溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池;
少なくとも1つの改質装置が溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池からのアノード排気および炭化水素を受け入れるように構成されており、アノード排気が炭化水素と十分に混合することを可能にして炭化水素の一部を少なくとも部分的に改質して、改質生成物流を生産するように構成され、改質生成物流が分子状水素および少なくとも1つの酸化炭素を含む、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に作動可能に連結された1つまたは複数の改質装置;ならびに
改質装置の少なくとも1つの一部でありまたはこれに連結されており、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に作動可能に連結され、1つまたは複数の高温水素分離膜を含み、改質生成物流を受け入れ、分子状水素の少なくとも一部を含む流れを溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に供給するように構成されている高温水素分離装置
を含む、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池システムを対象とする。
「局所過剰二酸化炭素」は、y方向(幅)の対称が推定される場合の標準化距離にわたる水素利用率1パーセント当たりの溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池の二酸化炭素の分圧差の値(ΔPCO2(local))を意味する。局所過剰二酸化炭素は、ΔPCO2(x)=(PCO2 c)(x)−(PCO2 a)(x)により計算され、xは、アノードコンパートメントの長さに沿った標準化距離である。
熱燃焼流は、実質的な量の二酸化炭素を含み得るが、窒素ガスおよび水も含み得る。触媒部分酸化改質装置20を出た熱燃焼流は、少なくとも750℃から1050℃までまたは800℃から1000℃までまたは850℃から900℃までの範囲にある温度を有し得る。熱燃焼ガスからの熱は、熱交換器22において水素含有ガス流および/または該熱交換器において酸化剤含有ガス流と交換され得る。図2に示すように、触媒部分酸化改質装置20を出た燃焼流からの熱の少なくとも一部は、管路96を経て熱交換器98において第1の改質装置14と交換され得る。
非限定的な実施例を下に示す。
V=E−iR (1)
ここで、VおよびEは、ボルトまたはミリボルトの単位を有し、iは、電流密度(mA/cm2)であり、R(Ωcm2)は、式(2)に示すように電解質、カソードおよびアノードを一緒に合わせたオーム(Rohm)、カソード(ηc)およびアノード(ηa)抵抗の組合せである。
R=Rohm+ηc+ηa (2)
Eは、以下のネルンスト式から得られる。
E=E゜+(RT/2F)ln(PH2PO2 0.5/PH2O)+(RT/2F)ln(PCO2 c/PCO2 a) (3)
Claims (10)
- 分子状水素を含む水素含有流を溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノード部に供給すること;
アノードにおける分子状水素利用率が50%未満であるようにアノードへの水素含有流の流量を制御すること;
溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池からの分子状水素を含むアノード排気を炭化水素を含む炭化水素流と混合し、前記炭化水素流と混合されたアノード排気が500℃から700℃までの温度を有すること;
アノード排気と炭化水素流との混合物の少なくとも一部を触媒と接触させて、1つまたは複数のガス状炭化水素、分子状水素および少なくとも1つの酸化炭素を含む水蒸気改質供給燃料を生産すること;
水蒸気改質供給燃料から分子状水素の少なくとも一部を分離すること;
ならびに
分離された分子状水素の少なくとも一部を、分子状水素を含む水素含有流の少なくとも一部として溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノードに供給すること
を含む、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池を運転する方法。 - 水素含有流が少なくとも0.6または少なくとも約0.95モル分率の分子状水素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 炭化水素流の炭化水素の少なくとも一部が少なくとも4の炭素数を有する1つまたは複数の揮発性炭化水素を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のカソード部の大部分における二酸化炭素の分圧が溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノード部の大部分における二酸化炭素の分圧より高くなるような量で溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のカソード部に二酸化炭素を供給することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のカソード部の入口または排気出口における二酸化炭素の分圧と溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノード部の排気出口における二酸化炭素の分圧との差が少なくとも絶対圧0.05バールまたは少なくとも絶対圧0.1バールまたは少なくとも絶対圧0.15バールである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のカソード部に供給される二酸化炭素の少なくとも一部が高温水素分離装置により供給される、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 酸化炭素の少なくとも1つおよびガス状炭化水素の少なくとも1つを含む水素枯渇ガス流の少なくとも一部を水蒸気改質供給燃料から分離するステップ、分離された水素枯渇流の少なくとも一部を酸化剤と接触させて加熱流を生じさせるステップ、および加熱流からの熱の少なくとも一部をアノード排気および/または炭化水素を含む炭化水素流に供給するステップをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 空気および二酸化炭素を溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のカソードに供給し、空気は分子状酸素を含み、二酸化炭素と分子状酸素のモル比が少なくとも2であるように空気および/または二酸化炭素の流量を制御することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池のアノードにおける1つまたは複数のアノード電極において溶融炭酸塩アノードに供給された分子状水素の少なくとも一部を酸化剤と混合し、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池から少なくとも0.1W/cm2の電力密度の電気を発生させることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- アノードにおける水素利用率が50%未満であるような流量で、分子状水素を含む水素含有流を受け入れるように構成されている溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池;
少なくとも1つの改質装置が溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池からのアノード排気および炭化水素を受け入れるように構成されており、アノード排気が炭化水素と十分に混合することを可能にして炭化水素の一部を少なくとも部分的に改質して、改質生成物流を生産するように構成され、改質生成物流が分子状水素および少なくとも1つの酸化炭素を含む、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に作動可能に連結された1つまたは複数の改質装置;ならびに
改質装置の少なくとも1つの一部でありまたはこれに連結されており、溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に作動可能に連結され、1つまたは複数の高温水素分離膜を含み、改質生成物流を受け入れ、分子状水素の少なくとも一部を含む流れを溶融炭酸塩形燃料電池に供給するように構成されている高温水素分離装置
を含む、溶融炭酸塩システム。
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- 2010-06-14 CN CN2010800271501A patent/CN102804471A/zh active Pending
- 2010-06-14 CA CA2764117A patent/CA2764117A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-06-14 JP JP2012516162A patent/JP2012530351A/ja active Pending
- 2010-06-14 EP EP10789995.7A patent/EP2443690A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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JP2016512917A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-09 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および炭素捕捉 |
JP2016513865A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-16 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および化学製造 |
JP2016515297A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-05-26 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および炭素捕捉 |
JP2016517616A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-16 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および炭素捕捉 |
JP2016517617A (ja) * | 2013-03-15 | 2016-06-16 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニーExxon Research And Engineering Company | 燃料電池を使用する集積化された発電および化学製造 |
JP2020537807A (ja) * | 2017-10-11 | 2020-12-24 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニーSaudi Arabian Oil Company | 炭化水素施設において高純度co2を捕捉するための方法およびシステム |
JP7333778B2 (ja) | 2017-10-11 | 2023-08-25 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニー | 炭化水素施設において高純度co2を捕捉するための方法およびシステム |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TW201108498A (en) | 2011-03-01 |
WO2010147885A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
CA2764117A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 |
EP2443690A1 (en) | 2012-04-25 |
EP2443690A4 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
KR20120048560A (ko) | 2012-05-15 |
TWI464955B (zh) | 2014-12-11 |
CN102804471A (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
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