JP2011507214A - 燃料電池による電力発生方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池による電力発生方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2011507214A JP2011507214A JP2010539668A JP2010539668A JP2011507214A JP 2011507214 A JP2011507214 A JP 2011507214A JP 2010539668 A JP2010539668 A JP 2010539668A JP 2010539668 A JP2010539668 A JP 2010539668A JP 2011507214 A JP2011507214 A JP 2011507214A
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- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- fuel cell
- anode
- raw material
- reforming
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 340
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 353
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 296
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 296
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 204
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 192
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 74
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 93
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 13
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 44
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 21
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001252 Pd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NFYLSJDPENHSBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+);lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[La+3] NFYLSJDPENHSBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N decane Chemical group CCCCCCCCC[14CH3] DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910021480 group 4 element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002483 hydrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C01B2203/0405—Purification by membrane separation
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Abstract
【選択図】図1
Description
カソード電荷移動:O2+4e− → 2O−
アノード電荷移動:H2+O− → H2O+2e− 及び
CO+O− → CO2+2e−
アノードとカソードの間に電流が流れるようにアノードとカソードの間に電気負荷又は蓄電装置を接続すると、電気負荷に給電又は蓄電装置に電力を提供することができる。
第1の反応ゾーンで水蒸気と原料前駆体と固体酸化物型燃料電池からのアノード排気流の混合物を少なくとも600℃の温度で第1の触媒と接触させ、1種以上のガス状炭化水素と水蒸気を含有する原料を生成する段階(なお、原料前駆体は大気圧下に20℃で液体であり、大気圧下に400℃までの温度で気化可能である気化性炭化水素を含有しており、アノード排気流は水素と水蒸気を含有しており、少なくとも800℃の温度である)と;
第2の反応ゾーンで原料と場合により付加水蒸気を少なくとも400℃の温度で第2の触媒と接触させ、水素と少なくとも1種の炭素酸化物を含有する改質生成物ガスを生成する段階と;
少なくとも0.6、又は少なくとも0.7、又は少なくとも0.8、又は少なくとも0.9、又は少なくとも0.95モル分率の水素を含有する水素ガス流を改質生成物ガスから分離する段階と;
水素ガス流を固体酸化物型燃料電池のアノードに供給する段階と;
固体酸化物型燃料電池のアノードの1個以上のアノード電極で水素ガス流を酸化剤と混合し、少なくとも0.4W/cm2の電力密度で発電する段階と;
水素と水分を含有するアノード排気流を固体酸化物型燃料電池のアノードから分離する段階
を含む発電方法に関する。
Claims (14)
- 第1の反応ゾーンにおいて、水蒸気と原料前駆体と固体酸化物型燃料電池からのアノード排気流との混合物を少なくとも600℃の温度で第1の触媒と接触させ、1種以上のガス状炭化水素及び水蒸気を含有する原料を生成する段階(但し、原料前駆体は大気圧下に20℃で液体であり、大気圧下に400℃までの温度で気化可能である気化性炭化水素を含有しており、アノード排気流は水素及び水蒸気を含有しており、少なくとも800℃の温度である)と;
第2の反応ゾーンにおいて、原料及び場合により付加水蒸気を少なくとも400℃の温度で第2の触媒と接触させ、水素及び少なくとも1種の炭素酸化物を含有する改質生成物ガスを生成する段階と;
少なくとも0.6、又は少なくとも0.7、又は少なくとも0.8、又は少なくとも0.9、又は少なくとも0.95モル分率の水素を含有する水素ガス流を改質生成物ガスから分離する段階と;
水素ガス流を固体酸化物型燃料電池のアノードに供給する段階と;
固体酸化物型燃料電池のアノードの1個以上のアノード電極において水素ガス流を酸化剤と混合し、少なくとも0.4W/cm2の電力密度で発電する段階と;
水素及び水分を含有するアノード排気流を固体酸化物型燃料電池のアノードから分離する段階と;
を含む発電方法。 - アノード排気流が第1の反応ゾーンで第1の触媒と接触している水蒸気と原料前駆体とアノード排気流との混合物から原料を生成するために必要な熱の実質的に全部を提供するように選択された速度でアノード排気流と原料前駆体と水蒸気とを第1の反応ゾーンに供給する段階を更に含む請求項1に記載の方法。
- アノード排気流が原料前駆体を分解するために十分な熱を提供するように、原料前駆体と水蒸気とアノード排気流とを第1の反応ゾーンに供給する速度を選択する請求項2に記載の方法。
- 原料前駆体が少なくとも0.5、又は少なくとも0.6モル分率の、炭素原子数が少なくとも5の炭化水素を含有しており、原料の炭化水素部分が少なくとも0.5、又は少なくとも0.6、又は少なくとも0.7モル分率の、炭素原子数が最大で3の炭化水素を含有している請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 原料を第1の反応ゾーンから第2の反応ゾーンに供給する段階を更に含み、原料が第2の反応ゾーンで第2の触媒及び場合により水蒸気と接触したときに改質生成物ガスを生成するために十分な熱を含むように、原料前駆体と水蒸気とアノード排気流とを第1の反応ゾーンに供給する速度と、原料を第2の反応ゾーンに供給する速度とを選択する請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- アノード排気流が少なくとも0.6、又は少なくとも0.7、又は少なくとも0.8、又は少なくとも0.9モル分率の水素を含有するように選択された速度で水素ガス流をアノードに供給する請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 燃料電池で形成される水分量とアノード排気中の水素量との比が最大で1.0、又は最大で0.75、又は最大で0.67、又は最大で0.43、又は最大で0.25、又は最大で0.11となるように選択された速度で水素ガス流をアノードに供給する請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 燃料電池における1パス当たり水素利用率が50%未満、又は最大で40%、又は最大で30%、又は最大で20%、又は最大で10%となるように選択された速度で水素ガス流をアノードに供給する請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- (a)少なくとも0.9、又は少なくとも0.95、又は少なくとも0.98モル分率の二酸化炭素を含有しており、少なくとも2MPaの圧力の二酸化炭素ガス流を改質生成物ガスから分離する段階と;
(b)二酸化炭素ガス流をタービンで膨張させる段階と;
を更に含む請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 - 二酸化炭素ガス流をタービンで膨張させることにより生成されたエネルギーで発電する段階を更に含む請求項9に記載の方法。
- 二酸化炭素ガス流をタービンで膨張させることにより生成されたエネルギーで1個以上のガス流を圧縮する段階を更に含む請求項9に記載の方法。
- 原料前駆体が大気圧下に50〜205℃の沸点範囲をもつ軽質石油混合物から選択される請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 原料及び場合により付加水蒸気を第2の反応ゾーンで第2の触媒と接触させる温度の100℃以内の温度で水素ガス流を改質生成物ガスから分離する請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 触媒部分酸化反応器から固体酸化物型燃料電池のアノードに開始ガス流を供給することにより固体酸化物型燃料電池の温度を少なくとも800℃まで上昇させ、原料前駆体を原料として触媒部分酸化反応器に供給する請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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JP2013203624A (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-07 | Toho Gas Co Ltd | 水素製造方法、及び水素製造システム |
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JP2012530351A (ja) * | 2009-06-16 | 2012-11-29 | シエル・インターナシヨナル・リサーチ・マートスハツペイ・ベー・ヴエー | 燃料電池システムを運転するためのシステムおよび方法 |
JP2013203624A (ja) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-07 | Toho Gas Co Ltd | 水素製造方法、及び水素製造システム |
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