FI114913B - Menetelmä terapeuttisesti käyttökelpoisten furanonijohdannaisten valmistamiseksi ja menetelmässä käyttökelpoinen lähtöaine - Google Patents
Menetelmä terapeuttisesti käyttökelpoisten furanonijohdannaisten valmistamiseksi ja menetelmässä käyttökelpoinen lähtöaine Download PDFInfo
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- FI114913B FI114913B FI20012510A FI20012510A FI114913B FI 114913 B FI114913 B FI 114913B FI 20012510 A FI20012510 A FI 20012510A FI 20012510 A FI20012510 A FI 20012510A FI 114913 B FI114913 B FI 114913B
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- Finland
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- cyclooxygenase
- phenyl
- compound
- compounds
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Description
11 491 ?-
Menetelmä terapeuttisesti käyttökelpoisten furanonijohdannaisten valmistamiseksi ja menetelmässä käyttökelpoinen lähtöaine (jakamalla erotettu patenttihakemuksesta 956119) 5 Keksinnön taustaa Tämä keksintö koskee menetelmää yhdisteiden, jotka on tarkoitettu syklo-oksigenaasin välittämien sairauksien hoitoon, valmistamiseksi ja menetelmässä käyttökelpoista lähtöainetta .
io Ei-steroidiset anti-inflammatoriset lääkkeet to teuttavat suurimman osan anti-inflammatorisesta, analgeet-tisesta ja antipyreettisestä aktiivisuudestaan ja inhiboivat hormoni-indusoituja kohdun supistuksia ja tiettyjen syöpätyyppien kasvua inhiboimalla prostaglandiini-G/H-syntaasia, joka 15 tunnetaan myös syklo-oksigenaasina. Viime aikoihin asti on karakterisoitu vain yksi syklo-oksigenaasimuoto, joka vastaa syklo-oksigenaasi-1:ä tai konstitutiivientsyymiä, joka alunperin identifioitiin naudan rakkularauhasissa. Äskettäin on kloonattu, sekvensoitu ja karakterisoitu kana-, hiiri- ja ih-20 mislähteistä geeni toiselle indusoituvalle syklo-oksigenaasi-muodolle (syklo-oksigenaasi-2:lie). Tämä entsyymi eroaa syklo-oksigenaasi-1 : stä, joka on nyt myös kloonattu, sekvensoitu ja , karakterisoitu lammas-, hiiri- ja ihmislähteistä. Toinen syk- looksigenaasimuoto, syklo-oksigenaasi-2, indusoituu nopeasti ; 25 ja helposti useiden aineiden vaikutuksesta, joita ovat mm. mi- togeenit, endotoksiini, hormonit, sytokiinit ja kasvutekijät.
’ Koska prostaglandiineilla on sekä fysiologisia että patologi- ti: siä merkityksiä, olemme päätelleet, että konstitutiivi- entsyymi, syklo-oksigenaasi-1, suureksi osaksi vastaa prosta-Ί· 30 glandiinien endogeenisesta perusvapautumisesta ja on siten tärkeä niiden fysiologisissa toiminnoissa, kuten gastrointes-' , tinaalisen kokonaisuuden ja munuaisten veren virtauksen yllä- y pitämisessä. Sitä vastoin olemme päätelleet, että indusoituva ·' muoto, syklo-oksigenaasi-2, vastaa pääasiassa prostaglandiini- 35 en patologisista vaikutuksista, jolloin vasteessa sellaisille . : aineille kuin inflammatoriset aineet, hormonit, kasvutekijät ja sytokiinit esiintyisi entsyymin nopea induktio. Siten syk-lo-oksigenaasi-2:n selektiivisellä inhibiittorilla on saman- 2 1U913 laiset anti-inflammatoriset, antipyreettiset ja analgeettiset ominaisuudet kuin tavanomaisella ei-steroidisella anti-inflammatorisella lääkkeellä, ja lisäksi se inhiboisi hormoni-indusoituja kohdun supistuksia ja sillä oli mahdollisia syövän 5 vastaisia vaikutuksia, mutta pienempi kyky indusoida joitakin mekanismipohjaisia sivuvaikutuksia. Erityisesti tällaisella yhdisteellä pitäisi olla pienemmät gastrointestinaalisen toksisuuden mahdollisuudet, pienemmät munuaissivuvaikutusten mahdollisuudet, pienempi vaikutus verenvuotoaikoihin ja mahdol-10 lisesti pienempi kyky indusoida astmakohtauksia aspiriinille herkissä astmapotilaissa.
Keksinnön yksityiskohtainen kuvaus
Keksintö koskee menetelmää uusien yhdisteiden valmis-15 tamiseksi, joilla on kaava XXXVI
R1
XXXVI
20 I
R2^/S
; ja joka on käyttökelpoinen syklo-oksigenaasi-2:n välittämien sairauksien hoidossa, jossa kaavassa: ; 25 R1 on S(0)2CH3 tai S(0)2NH2, ja ! ♦ ’ ; R2 on fenyyli tai fenyyli joka on mono- tai disubstituoitu ha- I · . | logeenilla, joka on fluori, kloori tai bromi.
Keksinnön mukaisen menetelmän tunnusmerkit on esitetty oheisessa patenttivaatimuksessa 1.
_ 3 0 Keksintöä kuvaa esimerkki: 3- (4 - f luorifenyyli) -4- (4- (metyylisulfonyyli) -. fenyyli) f uraan i.
Jotkut tässä kuvatut yhdisteet sisältävät yhden tai usempia asymmetrisiä keskuksia ja voivat siten lisätä di-: 35 astereomeerien ja optisten isomeerien määrää. Tämän keksinnön tarkoitetaan käsittävän tällaiset mahdolliset diastereomeerit sekä niiden raseemiset ja isomeereiksi erotetut enantiomeeri-sesti puhtaat muodot ja niiden farmaseuttisesti hyväksyttävät I · 114913 3 suolat.
Jotkut tässä kuvatut yhdisteet sisältävät olefiinisia kaksoissidoksia, ja ellei toisin ole mainittu, niiden tarkoitetaan käsittävän sekä E- että Z-geometriset isomeerit.
5 Farmaseuttiset koostumukset syklo-oksigenaasin inhi- boimiseksi ja tässä esitettyjen syklo-oksigenaasin välittämien sairauksien hoitamiseksi sisältävät farmaseuttisesti hyväksyttävää kantajaa ja ei-toksisen terapeuttisesti tehokkaan määrän kaavan XXXVI mukaista edellä kuvattua yhdistettä. io Farmaseuttiset koostumukset syklo-oksigenaasi-2:n in- hiboimiseksi ja tässä esitettyjen syklo-oksigenaasi-2:n välittämien sairauksien hoitamiseksi sisältävät farmaseuttisesti hyväksyttävää kantajaa ja ei-toksisen terapeuttisesti tehokkaan määrän kaavan XXXVI mukaista edellä kuvattua yhdistettä.
15 Menetelmässä syklo-oksigenaasin inhiboimiseksi ja syk lo-oksigenaasin välittämien sairauksien hoitamiseksi, edullisesti hoitamiseksi aktiivisella aineella, joka selektiivisesti inhiboi COX-2:a paremmin kuin COX-l:ä, kuten tässä on esitetty, tässä esitetyn kaavan XXXVI mukaisen yhdisteen ei-20 toksisen terapeuttisesti tehokkaan määrä annetaan tällaisen hoidon tarpeessa olevalle potilaalle.
·. Tämän selityksen tarkoituksiin yhdisteen sanotaan se lektiivisesti inhiboivan COX-2:a paremmin kuin COX-l:ä, jos COX-1-inhibitio IC50-pitoisuuden suhde COX-2-inhibition IC50-; 25 pitoisuuteen on 100 tai enemmän.
: Farmaseuttiset koostumukset sisältävät aktiivisena ai- • neosana kaavan XXXVI mukaista yhdistettä tai sen farmaseutti- ' sesti hyväksyttävää suolaa, ja ne voivat myös sisältää far maseuttisesti hyväksyttävää kantajaa ja mahdollisesti muita ;· 30 terapeuttisia aineosia. Termi "farmaseuttisesti hyväksyttävät suolat" viittaa suoloihin, jotka on valmistettu farmaseutti- * , sesti hyväksyttävistä ei-toksisista emäksistä, jotka käsittä- » * '* vät epäorgaaniset emäkset ja orgaaniset emäkset. Suoloja, jot- i ka on johdettu epäorgaanisista emäksistä, ovat mm. alumiini-, 35 ammonium-, kalsium-, kupari-, rauta(III)-, rauta(II)-, liti-um-, magnesium-, mangaani (III) - (manganic), mangaani (II)-(manganous), kalium-, natrium-, sinkki- ja niiden kaltaiset suolat. Erityisen edullisia ovat ammonium-, kalsium-, magnesi- 114913 4 um-, kalium- ja natriumsuolat. Suoloja, jotka on johdettu farmaseuttisesti hyväksyttävistä orgaanisista ei-toksisista emäksistä, ovat mm. primääristen, sekundääristen ja tertiääristen amiinien, substituoitujen amiinien, mukaan lukien luonnossa 5 esiintyvien substituoitujen amiinien, syklisten amiinien ja emäksisten ioninvaihtohartsien, kuten arginiinin, betaiinin, kofeiinin, koliinin, Ν,Ν-dibentsyylietyleenidiamiinin, dietyy-liamiinin, 2-dietyyliaminoetanolin, 2-dimetyyliaminoetanolin, etanoliamiinin, etyleenidiamiinin, N-etyylimorfoliinin, ίο N-etyylipiperidiinin, glukamiinin, glukosamiinin, histidiinin, hydrabamiinin, isopropyyliamiinin, lysiinin, metyyliglu-kamiinin, morfoliinin, piperatsiinin, piperidiinin, poly-amiinihartsien, prokaiinin, puriinien, teobromiinin, tri-etyyliamiinin, trimetyyliamiinin, tripropyyliamiinin, tro-15 metamiinin ja niiden kaltaisten suolat.
On selvää, että seuraavassa hoitomenetelmien selityksessä viittausten kaavan XXXVI mukaisiin yhdisteisiin tarkoitetaan käsittävän myös farmaseuttisesti hyväksyttävät suolat .
20 Kaavan XXXVI mukainen yhdiste on käyttökelpoinen ki vun, kuumeen ja tulehduksen lievityksessä erilaisissa tiloissa, joihin kuuluu mm. kuumereuma, oireissa, jotka liitty-. vät influenssaan tai muihin virusinfektioihin, vilustumiseen, alaselän ja niskan kipuun, kuukautishäiriöön, päänsärkyyn, ; j 25 hammassärkyyn, nyrjähdyksiin ja venähdyksiin, myitikseen, her- ‘ : mosärkyyn, nivelkalvon tulehdukseen, niveltulehdukseen, mukaan lukien nivelreuman, degeneratiivisiin nivelsairauksiin (luu-·...·’ niveltulehdukseen) , kihtiin ja jäykistävään sel- kärankatulehdukseen, limapussin tulehdukseen, palohaavoihin, :* 30 vammoihin, kirurgisten ja hammasoperaatioiden jälkeen. Lisäksi * * · * tällainen yhdiste voi inhiboida solujen neoplastisia transfor- , maatioita ja metastaattista kasvaimen kasvua ja siten niitä ; · voidaan käyttää syövän hoidossa. Kaavan XXXVI mukaiset yhdis- » · ’···* teet voivat myös olla käyttökelpoisia dementian hoidossa, mu- : 35 kaan lukien ennenaikaisen vanhuudentylsistymisen ja vanhuuden- • * » · tylsistymisen, ja erityisesti Alzheimerin tautiin liittyvän dementian (so. Alzheimerin dementian) hoidossa.
Kaavan XXXVI mukaiset yhdisteet inhiboivat myös pros- 114913 5 tanoidi-indusoitua sileän lihaksen supistumista estämällä su-pistuskykyisten prostanoidien synteesin, ja siten niillä voi olla käyttöä kuukautishäiriön, ennenaikaisen synnytyksen ja astman hoidossa.
5 Koska kaavan XXXVI mukaisilla yhdisteillä on suuri syklo-oksigenaasi-2- (C0X-2-) aktiivisuus ja/tai parempi se-lektiivisyys syklo-oksigenaasi-2:a kuin syklo-oksigenaasi-1:ä (COX-l:ä) kohtaan, kuten edellä on määritelty, ne osoittautuvat käyttökelpoisiksi vaihtoehtona tavanomaisille ei- io steroidisille anti-inflammatorisille lääkkeille (NSAID:lle) erityisesti, kun tällaisilla ei-steroidisilla anti-inflammatorisilla lääkkeillä voi olla kontraindikaatoita, kuten potilaissa, joilla on mahahaavoja, mahalaukun tulehdus, alueellinen suolitulehdus, haavainen paksusuolitulehdus, umpi-15 pussin tulehdus tai toistuvien gastrointestinaalisten vaurioiden historia; GI-verenvuotoa, koagulaatiohäiriöitä, mukaan lukien anemian, kuten veren protombiinin niukkuuden, hemofilian tai muut verenvuoto-ongelmat (mukaan lukien vähentyneeseen tai huonontuneeseen verihiutaleiden toimintaan liittyvät on- 20 gelmat); munuaissairaus (esim. huonontunut munuaisten toiminta) ; leikkaukseen menevissä potilaissa tai potilaissa, jotka saavat antikoagulantteja; ja potilaissa, jotka ovat alttiita ; NSAID-indusoidulle astmalle.
Samoin kaavan XXXVI mukaiset yhdisteet ovat käyttökel-! 25 poisia tavanomaisten NSAID-lääkkeiden osittaisena tai täy-; dellisenä korvikkeena valmisteissa, joissa niitä ennen pitkää annetaan yhdessä muiden aineiden tai aineosien kanssa. Siten muissa aspekteissa keksintö mahdollistaa farmaseuttiset koostumukset edellä määriteltyjen syklo-oksigenaasi-2:n välittämi-30 en sairauksien hoitamiseksi, jotka koostumukset sisältävät ei-;toksisen terapeuttisesti tehokkaan määrän kaavan XXXVI mukais-. ta yhdistettä, kuten edellä on määritelty, ja yhtä tai useam- paa aineosaa, kuten toista kivun lievittäjää, joka käsittää asetominofeenin tai fenasetiinin; tehostajaa, joka käsittää : : : 35 kofeiinin; H2-antagonistia, alumiini- tai magnesiumhydroksi- dia, simetikonia, verentungosta poistavaa ainetta, joka käsittää fenyyliefriinin, fenyylipropanoliamiinin, pseudofedriinin, oksimetatsoliinin, epinefriinin, nafatsoliinin, ksylome- 114913 6 tatsoliinin, propyyliheksedriinin tai levodesoksiefedriinin; yskänlääkettä, joka käsittää kodeiinin, hydrokodonin, kara-mifeenin, karbetapentaanin tai dekstrametorfäänin; diureettia; sedatiivista tai ei-sedatiivista antihistamiinia. Lisäksi kek-5 sintö mahdollistaa menetelmän syklo-oksigenaasin välittämien sairauksien hoitamiseksi, joka menetelmä käsittää kaavan XXXVI mukaisen yhdisteen ei-toksisen terapeuttisesti tehokkaan määrän antamisen, mahdollisesti yhdessä yhden tai useamman sellaisen aineosan kanssa, kuin juuri edellä lueteltiin, tällais-io ta hoitoa tarvitsevalle potilaalle.
Tämän keksinnön mukaisesti valmistettavat yhdisteet ovat syklo-oksigenaasi-2:n inhibiittoreita ja siten käyttökelpoisia syklo-oksigenaasi-2:n välittämien edellä lueteltujen sairauksien hoidossa. Tätä aktiivisuutta kuvaa niiden kyky seis lektiivisesti inhiboida syklo-oksigenaasi-2:a paremmin kuin syklo-oksigenaasi-1:ä. Siten yhdessä analyysissä tämän keksinnön mukaisesti valmistettavien yhdisteiden kyky hoitaa syklo-oksigenaasin välittämiä sairauksia voidaan osoittaa mittaamalla arakidonihapon, syklo-oksigenaasi-1:n tai syklo-ok-20 sigenaasi-2:n ja kaavan XXXVI mukaisen yhdisteen läsnä ollessa syntetisoituneen prostaglandiini-E2: n (PGE2:n) määrä. IC50-, ·. arvot kuvaavat inhibiittorin pitoisuutta, joka tarvitaan PGE2- ’. synteesin palauttamiseen 50 %:iin saadusta verrattuna inhiboi- mattomaan kontrolliin. Esimerkkinä tästä aspektista olemme to-*; ; 25 denneet, että esimerkkien yhdisteet ovat yli 100 kertaa tehok- ’* j kaampia COX-2:n inhiboinnissa kuin COX-l:n inhiboinnissa. Li- ' * säksi niillä kaikilla on COX-2-IC50, joka on 1 nM - 1 μΜ. Ver- tailun vuoksi ibuprofeenin IC50 C0X-2:a kohtaan on 1 μΜ ja in-dometasiinin IC50 COX-2:a kohtaa on suunnilleen 100 nM. Minkä ;· 30 tahansa näistä syklo-oksigenaasin välittämistä sairauksista hoitamista varten kaavan XXXVI mukaiset yhdisteet voidaan an-. taa oraalisesti, paikallisesti, parenteraalisesti, inhalaa- tiosumutteena tai rektaalisesti annostusyksikköformulaatioina, * * ’···* jotka sisältävät tavanomaisia ei-toksisia farmaseuttisesti hy- : 35 väksyttäviä kantajia, adjuvantteja ja vehikkelejä. Termi pa- :*·,· renteraalinen tässä käytettynä käsittää ihonalaiset injektiot, laskimonsisäiset, lihaksensisäiset, rintalastansisäiset injektio- tai infuusiotekniikat. Lämminveristen eläinten, kuten 114913 7 hiirten, rottien, hevosten, nautakarjan, lammasten, koirien, kissojen, jne. hoitamisen lisäksi keksinnön mukainen yhdiste on tehokas ihmisten hoidossa.
Kuten edellä on esitetty, määriteltyjen syklo-oksi-5 genaasi-2:n välittämien sairauksien hoitoon tarkoitetut farmaseuttiset koostumukset voivat mahdollisesti käsittää yhtä tai useampia aineosia, kuten edellä on lueteltu.
Farmaseuttiset koostumukset, jotka sisältävät aktiivista aineosaa, voivat olla muodossa, joka sopii oraaliseen ίο käyttöön, esimerkiksi tabletteina, pillereinä, pastilleina, vesipitoisina tai öljypitoisina suspensioina, dispergoituvina jauheina tai rakeina, emulsioina, kova- tai pehmeinä kapseleina tai siirappeina tai eliksiireinä. Oraaliseen käyttöön tarkoitetut koostumukset voidaan valmistaa minkä tahansa alalla 15 farmaseuttisten koostumuksien valmistamista varten tunnetun menetelmän mukaisesti, ja tällaiset koostumukset voivat sisältää yhtä tai useampia aineita, jotka on valittu ryhmästä, jonka muodostavat makeutusaineet, aromiaineet, väriaineet ja säilöntäaineet, jotta saataisiin farmaseuttisesti hienoja ja 20 miellyttäviä valmisteita. Tabletit sisältävät aktiivista aineosaa seoksena ei-toksisten farmaseuttisesti hyväksyttävien täyteaineiden kanssa, jotka sopivat tablettien valmistukseen. Näitä täyteaineita voivat olla esimerkiksi inertit laimen- » ; timet, kuten kalsiumkarbonaatti, natriumkarbonaatti, laktoosi, 1! 25 kalsiumfosfaatti tai natriumfosfaatti; granulointi- ja hajot- ; tavat aineet, esimerkiksi maissi tärkkelys tai algiinihappo,- sideaineet, esimerkiksi tärkkelys, gelatiini tai akaasia, ja *·. voiteluaineet, esimerkiksi magnesiumstearaatti, steariinihappo tai talkki. Tabletit voivat olla päällystämättömiä tai ne voi-30 daan päällystää tunnetuilla menetelmillä hajoamisen ja absorp-; tion gastrointestinaalisella alueella viivyttämiseksi ja siten • ‘ . jatkuvan vaikutuksen aikaansaamiseksi pidemmäksi ajaksi. Voi- daan käyttää esimerkiksi aikaviiveainetta, kuten glyseryylimo-;· nostearaattia tai glyseryylidistearaattia. Ne voidaan myös | 35 päällystää menetelmällä, joka on kuvattu US-patentissa 4 256 108; 4 166 452 ja 4 265 874, osmoottisten terapeuttisten tablettien muodostamiseksi kontrolloitua vapautumista varten.
Oraaliseen käyttöön tarkoitetut formulaatiot voidaan 8 114913 myös tarjota kovagelatiinikapseleina, joissa aktiivinen aineosa on sekoitettu inertin kiinteän laimentimen, esimerkiksi kalsiumkarbonaatin, kalsiumfosfaatin tai kaoliinin, kanssa, tai pehmeinä gelatiinikapseleina, joissa aktiiviset aineosat 5 on sekoitettu veden tai öljyväliaineen, esimerkiksi maapähkinäöljyn, parafiiniöljyn tai oliiviöljyn, kanssa.
Vesipitoiset suspensiot sisältävät aktiivista ainetta seoksena täyteaineiden kanssa, jotka sopivat vesipitoisten suspensioiden valmistukseen. Tällaisia täyteaineita ovat sus-io pendointiaineet, esimerkiksi natriumkarboksimetyyliselluloosa, metyyliselluloosa, hydroksipropyylimetyyliselluloosa, natrium-alginaatti, polyvinyylipyrrolidoni, kumitragantti ja ku-miakaasia; dispergointi- tai kostutusaineet voivat olla luonnossa esiintyvää fosfatidia, esimerkiksi lesitiiniä, tai alky-15 leenioksidin kondensaatiotuotteita rasvahappojen kanssa, esimerkiksi polyoksietyleenistearaattia, tai etyleenioksidin kondensaatiotuotteita pitkäketjuisten alifaattisten alkoholien kanssa, esimerkiksi heptadekaetyleenioksiketanolia, tai etyleenioksidin kondensaatiotuotteita osittaisten esterien kans-20 sa, jotka on johdettu rasvahapoista ja heksitolista, kuten po-lyoksietyleenisorbitolimono-oleaattia, tai etyleenioksidin kondensaatiotuotteita osittaisten esterien kanssa, jotka on johdettu rasvahapoista ja heksitolianhydrideistä, esimerkiksi polyetyleenisorbitaanimono-oleaattia. Vesipitoiset suspensiot 25 voivat myös sisältää yhtä tai useampia säilöntäaineita, esi-• merkiksi etyyli- tai n-propyyli-, p-hydroksibentsoaattia, yhtä tai useampia väriaineita, yhtä tai useampia aromiaineita ja yhtä tai useampia makeutusaineita, kuten sakkaroosia, sakarii-nia tai aspartaamia.
:* 30 Öljypitoiset suspensiot voidaan formuloida suspen- doimalla aktiivinen aineosa kasviöljyyn, esimerkiksi maa-. pähkinäöljyyn, oliiviöljyyn, seesamiöljyyn tai kookosöljyyn, tai mineraaliöljyyn, kuten parafiiniöljyyn. Öljypitoiset sus-pensiot voivat sisältää sakeutusainetta, esimerkiksi mehiläis-: 35 vahaa, kovaa parafiinia tai setyylialkoholia. Makeutusaineita, kuten edellä esitettyjä, ja aromiaineita voidaan lisätä, joi- • loin saadaan miellyttävä oraalinen valmiste. Nämä koostumukset voidaan tehdä säilyviksi lisäämällä antioksidanttia, kuten as- 114913 9 korbiinihappoa.
Dispergoituvat jauheet ja rakeet, jotka sopivat vesipitoisen suspension valmistamiseen vettä lisäämällä, tarjoavat aktiivisen aineosan seoksena dispergointi- tai kostutusaineen, 5 suspendointiaineen ja yhden tai useamman säilöntäaineen kanssa. Sopivista dispergointi- tai kostutusaineista ja suspen-dointiaineista ovat esimerkkeinä jo edellä mainitut. Muita täyteaineita, esimerkiksi makeutus-, aromi- ja väriaineita, voi myös olla läsnä.
ίο Kaavan XXXVI yhdistettä sisältävät farmaseuttiset koostumukset voivat myös olla öljy vedessä -emulsioiden muodossa. Öljyfaasi voi olla kasviöljy, esimerkiksi oliiviöljy tai maapähkinäöljy, tai mineraaliöljy, esimerkiksi parafiiniöljy, tai näiden seokset. Sopivia emulgointiaineita voivat oils la luonnossa esiintyvät fosfatidit, esimerkiksi soijapapu, lesitiini ja esterit tai osittaiset esterit, jotka on johdettu rasvahapoista ja heksitolianhydrideistä, esimerkiksi sorbi-taanimono-oleaatti, ja mainittujen osittaisten esterien kon-densaatiotuotteet etyleenioksidin kanssa, esimerkiksi polyok-20 sietyleenisorbitaanimono-oleaatti. Emulsiot voivat myös sisältää makeutus- ja aromiaineita.
. Siirapit ja eliksiirit voidaan formuloida makeutus- aineiden kanssa, esimerkiksi glyserolin, propyleeniglykolin, sorbitolin tai sakkaroosin kanssa. Tällaiset formulaatiot voi-i 25 vat myös sisältää ärsytystä lievittäviä aineita, säilöntä- ja ; aromi- ja väriaineita. Farmaseuttiset koostumukset voivat olla steriilin injektoitavan vesipitoisen tai öljypitoisen suspen-.* sion muodossa. Tämä suspensio voidaan formuloida tunnetun alan mukaisesti käyttäen niitä sopivia dispergointi- tai kostutus-, 30 aineita ja suspendointiaineita, jotka on mainittu edellä. Ste- ;riili injektoitava valmiste voi myös olla steriili injektoi-. tava liuos tai suspensio ei-toksisessa parenteraalisesti hy- väksyttävässä laimentimessa tai liuottimessa, esimerkiksi liu-’·;·* oksena 1,3-butaanidiolissa. Hyväksyttäviä vehikkelejä ja liu- : : : 35 ottimia, joita voidaan käyttää, ovat vesi, Ringerin liuos ja isotoninen natriumkloridiliuos. Lisäksi steriilejä sitoutuneita öljyjä käytetään tavallisesti liuottimena tai suspendointi-väliaineena. Tähän tarkoitukseen voidaan käyttää mitä tahansa 10 114913 mietoa sitoutunutta öljyä, mukaan lukien synteettiset mono-tai diglyseridit. Lisäksi rasvahapoilla, kuten öljyhapolla, on käyttöä injektoitavien aineiden valmistuksessa.
Kaavan XXXVI mukaiset yhdisteet voidaan myös antaa pe-5 räpuikkojen muodossa lääkkeen rektaalista antamista varten. Nämä koostumukset voidaan valmistaa sekoittamalla lääke sopivan ärsyttämättömän täyteaineen kanssa, joka on kiinteä tavallisissa lämpötiloissa, mutta nestemäinen peräsuolen lämpötilassa ja siten sulaa peräsuolessa, jolloin lääke vapautuu. io Tällaisia aineita ovat kaakaovoi ja polyetyleeniglykolit.
Paikallista käyttöä varten käytetään voiteita, salvoja, hyytelöitä, liuoksia tai suspensioita, jne., jotka sisältävät kaavan XXXVI mukaista yhdistettä. (Tämän hakemuksen tarkoituksiin paikallinen käyttö käsittää suuvedet ja kur-15 lausvedet.)
Annostustasot, jotka ovat suuruusluokkaa noin 0,01 mg - noin 140 mg/kg kehon painosta vuorokaudessa, ovat käyttökelpoisia edellä ilmoitettujen tilojen hoidossa, tai vaihtoehtoisesti noin 0,5 mg - noin 7 g potilasta kohti vuorokaudessa.
20 Esimerkiksi tulehdusta voidaan tehokkaasti hoitaa antamalla noin 0,01 - 50 mg yhdistettä kilogrammaa kohti kehon painosta : . vuorokaudessa tai vaihtoehtoisesti noin 0,5 mg - noin 3,5 g ,. : potilasta kohti vuorokaudessa, edullisesti 2,5 mg - 1 g poti- » · : _ lasta kohti vuorokaudessa.
i 25 Aktiivisen aineosan määrä, joka voidaan yhdistää kan- ’ ; taja-aineiden kanssa yksittäisen annostusmuodon aikaan saamiseksi, riippuu hoidettavasta potilaasta ja kyseessä ole-vasta antotavasta. Esimerkiksi ihmisille oraaliseen antamiseen tarkoitettu formulaatio voi sisältää 0,5 mg - 5 g aktiivista 30 ainetta seostettuna kantaja-aineen tarkoituksenmukaisen ja so- ; pivan määrän kanssa, joka vaihtelee noin 5 %:sta noin 95 %:iin » > * . kokonaiskoostumuksesta. Annostusyksikkömuodot sisältävät yleensä noin 1 mg - noin 500 mg aktiivista aineosaa, tavaili- * » ’·;** sesti 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg, : : : 35 600 g, 800 mg tai 1 000 mg.
On kuitenkin ymmärrettävä, että spesifinen annostaso mille tahansa tietylle potilaalle riippuu erilaisista tekijöistä, joita ovat ikä, kehon paino, yleinen terveydentila, 114913 11 sukupuoli, ruokavalio, antoaika, antotapa, erittyrnisnopeus, lääkeyhdistelmä ja kyseessä olevan hoidettavan sairauden vakavuus .
Synteesimenetelmät 5 Tämän keksinnön mukaisesti yhdisteet voidaan valmistaa seuraavien menetelmien mukaisesti.
Menetelmä I (lähtöaineen valmistus)
Sopivasti substituoitu aryylibromimetyyliketoni saate-io taan reagoimaan sopivasti substituoidun aryylietikkahapon kanssa liuottimessa, kuten asetonitriilissä, emäksen, kuten trietyyliamiinin, läsnä ollessa ja sitten käsitellään 1,8-diatsabisyklo[5.4.0]undek-7-eenillä (DBU:lla), jolloin saadaan joko laktoni XXXIII tai XXXV.
15 Menetelmä I
R1 R1 Aj 20 [Λ r2^co2h s™- r2~V/
Br\A0 r° o :::: 25 xxxii xxxm ·;·! ·...· I o
f|) |J
30 T
‘· J Emäs R^'^v'^ . ho2ct \-o xxxiv xxxv > : : 35 * · * · (R2 on mono- tai disubstituoitu fenyyli tai mono- tai di-substituoitu heteroaryyli) 114913 12
Menetelmä J:
Joko laktonit XXXIII tai XXXV, jotka ovat liuotti-messa, kuten THF:ssa, saatetaan reagoimaan pelkistimen, kuten di-isobutyylialumiinihydridin tai litiumboorihydridin, kanssa 5 -78 °C:ssa, jolloin saadaan furaani XXXVI.
Menetelmä J
R1
10 ^111 1. DIBAL-H IM
tai _ U Λ
XXXV
2·H*
15 XXXVI
Kaavan XXXIII
20 R1
ifS
XXXIII
i 25 y-o
O
mukainen yhdiste voidaan valmistaa menetelmässä, jossa: (a) yhdiste, jolla on kaava XXXII' 30 < □ 1 . *: I xxxii'
saatetaan reagoimaan orgaanisessa liuottimessa bromireagenssin kanssa, jolloin saadaan yhdiste, jolla on kaava XXXII
i3 114913 Ψ
I XXXII
φ 5 Br^A0 Tämän selityksen tarkoituksiin orgaaninen liuotin määritellään siten, että se käsittää näihin kuitenkaan rajoittumatta metyleenikloridin, kloroformin, hiilitetrakloridin ja io etikkahapon. Samalla tavalla bromireagenssi määritellään siten, että se käsittää näihin kuitenkaan rajoittumatta bromin, pyridiniumperbromidivetybromidin, CuBr2:n ja N- bromisukkinimidin.
(a2) Yhdiste, jolla on kaava XXXII, saatetaan reals goimaan ei-vesipitoisessa polaarisessa liuottimessa yhdisteen kanssa, jolla on kaava r2^co2h 20 emäksen läsnä ollessa, jolloin muodostuu yhdiste, jolla on kaava A ^ K ” Λλγ-
O
(a3) kaavan A mukaista yhdistettä käsitellään ei-vesipitoisessa polaarisessa liuottimessa vahvalla emäksellä, · 30 jolloin saadaan kaavan XXXIII mukainen yhdiste.
Tämän selityksen tarkoituksiin ei-vesipitoinen po-,* , laarinen liuotin määritellään siten, että se käsittää näihin kuitenkaan rajoittumatta asetonitriilin, propionitriilin, ase- ' » '·;* tönin, 2-butanonin ja tetrahydrofuraanin. Samalla tavalla emäs ; 35 määritellään siten, että se käsittää näihin kuitenkaan rajoit- tumatta tri-Ci-3-alkyyliamiinin, kuten trietyyliamiinin. Lisäksi vahva emäs määritellään siten, että se käsittää näihin kuitenkaan rajoittumatta amidiinin, guanidiinin, litiumdi- 114913 14
isopropyyliamidin ja kalium-bis-(trimetyylisilyyli)amidin. Vaihtoehdossa yhdiste, jolla on kaava XXXIII
R1 5 r5^ xxxiii v*°
io O
voidaan valmistaa menetelmässä, jossa:
(bl) asetyleeniyhdiste, jolla on kaava XLVIII
15 r-^ XLVIII
1r—i \—c=c-r! 20 saatetaan reagoimaan hiilimonoksidin ja veden kanssa sopivan katalyytin läsnä ollessa, jolloin saadaan yhdiste, jolla on kaava XXXIII ja XXXV.
t t : : 25 D ?2 xxxv Ό :· 30 Tämän selityksen tarkoituksiin sopivia katalyyttejä ; ovat näihin kuitenkaan rajoittumatta Ru4(CO)i2, Co2(CO)8 tai ,·, PdCl2 vesipitoisessa THF:ssa tai asetonissa, asetonitriilissä, • t ; bentseenissä, tolueenissa, metyylialkoholissa tai etyylialko- holissa.
; 35 Toisessa vaihtoehdossa yhdiste, jolla on kaava XXXIII
* · # » · is 114913 R1 0 5 R2V? yo o/
voidaan valmistaa menetelmässä, jossa: io (cl) yhdiste, jolla on kaava LIU
SCHg
JL LIU
15 iT
yo o 20 saatetaan reagoimaan kaavan (HO)2BR2:n mukaisen reagenssin kanssa vesipitoisessa liuottimessa, kuten bentseenissä, tolu-eenissa, THF:ssa, MeOH:ssa, DME:ssa tai EtOHrssa, ja sopivan : palladiumkatalyytin läsnä ollessa, jolloin saadaan yhdiste,
jolla on kaava LV
25 SCH3 ; |( η lv ;· 30 * λ ' :: V-o o :a • · (c2) kaavan LV mukainen yhdiste hapetetaan, jolloin » ;·* saadaan kaavan XXXIII mukainen yhdiste.
35 Tämän selityksen tarkoituksiin katalyytti määritellään '·,· siten, että se käsittää näihin kuitenkaan rajoittumatta palla- diumkatalyytit. Samalla tavalla liuottimen tarkoitetaan käsittävän näihin kuitenkaan rajoittumatta bentseenin, tolueenin, 114913 16 THF:n, MeOHrn, DME:n tai EtOH:n.
Kaikissa menetelmävaihtoehdoissa Ri ja R2 ovat edellä yksityiskohtaisen kuvauksen osassa ja kaavan XXXVI mukaisia yhdisteitä koskevissa patenttivaatimuksissa määritellyt.
5 Esimerkkiyhdisteet
Taulukossa I valaistaan kaavan XXXVI ja XXXIII mukaisia yhdisteitä. Kaavan XXXIII yhdisteet (esimerkit 9 ja 10) ovat lähtöaineita keksinnön mukaisessa menetelmässä.
io Taulukko I
Esimerkki Menetelmä 15 9 * ^^S02Me
o tJF
o10 ‘ ^^S02NH2
(ΟγΝ 11 J
f ^So2Me » 114913 17
Kokeeet biologisen aktiivisuuden määrittämistä varten
Kaavan XXXVI mukaiset yhdisteet voidaan tutkia käyttäen seuraavia kokeita niiden syklo-oksigenaasi-2:a inhiboivan 5 aktiivisuuden määrittämiseksi.
Syklo-oksigenaasiaktiivisuuden inhibitio
Yhdisteet tutkittiin syklo-oksigenaasiaktiivisuuden inhibiittoreina kokosolu- ja mikrosomaalisissa syklo-oksi-genaasikokeissa. Nissä molemmissa kokeissa mitattiin pros-io taglandiini-E2 :n (PGE2:n) synteesiä vasteessa arakidonihapolle käyttäen radioimmunoanalyysiä. Solut, joita käytettiin ko-kosolukokeisiin ja joista valmistettiin mikrosomit mikrosomaa-lisia kokeita varten, olivat ihmisen luukasvain 143 -soluja (jotka spesifisesti ilmentävät syklo-oksigenaasi-2:a) ja ihmi-15 sen U-937-soluja (jotka spesifisesti ilmentävät syklo-oksigenaasi-1:ä). Näissä kokeissa 100 %:n aktiivisuus määritellään ilman arakidonaatin lisäystä tapahtuvan prostaglandii-ni-E2:n synteesin ja arakidonaattilisäyksen kanssa tapahtuvan prostaglandiini-E2:n synteesin välisenä erona. IC5o-arvot ku-20 vaavat oletetun inhibiittorin pitoisuutta, joka vaaditaan palauttamaan PGE2-synteesin 50-%risesti verrattuna inhiboi-mattomana kontrollina saatuun. Esimerkkitulokset on esitetty • taulukossa II.
• ·
Edustava rotankäpäläödeemakoemenettely ; ; 25 Koiraspuolisia Sprague-Dawley-rottia (150 - 200 g) pi- ' dettiin paastolla yön yli ja niille annettiin po joko vehikke- •li· ' * liä (5 % tween 80 ra tai 1 % methocelrä) tai koeyhdistettä klo 9-10. Yhden tunnin kuluttua piirrettiin viiva käyttäen pysyvää merkintäainetta toisen takakäpälän nilkan yläpuolen tasol- 30 le käpälän tarkkailtavan alueen määrittämiseksi. Käpälän tila- vuus (V0h) mitattiin käyttäen plethysmometriä (Ugo-Basile, , Italia) veden syrjäyttämisen periaatteen avulla. Sen jälkeen eläimiin injektoitiin jalkapohjaan 50 μΐ l-%rista karragenaa-
» I
nin suolaliuosta (FMC Corp., Maine) käpälään käyttäen insulii-: 35 niruiskua, jossa oli neula numero (gauge) 25 (so. 500 pg kar- :‘.tj ragenaania käpälää kohti) . Kolmen tunnin kuluttua käpälän ti lavuus (V3h) mitattiin ja laskettiin käpälän tilavuuden kasvut (V3h - V0h) - Eläimet tapettiin C02-afyksioinnilla ja arvioitiin 114913 18 mahavaurioiden puuttuminen tai läsnäolo. Mahapistemäärät ilmoitettiin kokonaisvaurioiden summana millimetreinä. Käpälä-ödeema tuloksia verrattiin vehikkelikontrolliryhmään ja laskettiin inhibition prosentuaalinen osuus pitäen vertailuryhmän 5 arvoja 100 %:na. Koska 60 - 70 %:n maksimi-inhibitio (käpälä-ödeema) saatiin standardi-NSAID-lääkkeillä, ED30-arvoja käytettiin vertailun vuoksi. Kaikki käsittelyryhmät koodattiin tarkkailijan vaikutuksen eliminoimiseksi. Tällä menettelyllä ED30 indometasiinille on 1,0 mg/kg.
10 Taulukko II*
Kokosolut Mikrosomit
Esim. Pit. I COX-2 I COX-1 Μ Plt* I COX-2 I COX-l i __(nM) % inhib. % inhib. (nM) % inhib. % inhib.
11 100 39 100 46 7 15 ---- --- 20 .: * Kokosolukokeessa ibuprofeenin IC50 COX-1:ä kohtaan on 1000 nM ja IC50 COX-2:a kohtaan on 3 000 nM. Samalla tavalla indo-I 25 metasiinin IC50 COX-1:ä kohtaan on 100 nM ja IC50 COX-2:a koh-• taan on 10 nM.
Keksintöä valaistaan nyt seuraavilla ei-rajoittavilla esimerkeillä, joissa, ellei toisin ole mainittu: 30 (i) kaikki käsittelyt toteutettiin huoneen- tai ympä- ristön lämpötilassa eli lämpötilavälillä 18 - 25 °C; liuotti-. men haihdutus toteutettiin käyttäen kiertohaihdutinta alipai- neessa (600 - 4 000 Pa; 4,5 - 30 mmHg) haudelämpötilan ollessa ’;·* enintään 60 °C; reaktioiden kulkua seurattiin ohutkerroskroma- ; 35 tografian (TLC:n) avulla ja reaktioajat on esitetty ainoastaan valaisemistarkoituksessa; sulamispisteet ovat korjaamattomia ja "d" viittaa hajoamiseen; esitetyt sulamispisteet on saatu kuvatulla tavalla valmistetuille aineille; polymorfismi voi 114913 19 joissakin valmistuksissa johtaa eri sulamispisteet omaavien aineiden erottumiseen; kaikkien lopputuotteiden rakenne ja puhtaus varmistettiin ainakin yhdellä seuraavista menetelmistä: TLC, massaspektrometria, ydinmagneettinen reso- 5 nanssi- (NMR-) spektrometria tai mikroanalyyttiset tulokset; saannot on esitetty ainoastaan valaisemistarkoituksessa; kun NMR-tulokset on esitetty, ne ovat delta- (δ-) arvojen muodossa tärkeimmille diagnostisille protoneille ilmoitettuna miljoonasosina (ppm) sisäisenä standardina toimivan tetra-io metyylisilaanin (TMS:n) suhteen määritettynä 300 MHz:n tai 400 MHz:n taajuudella käyttäen ilmoitettua liuotinta; signaalin muodolle käytetyt tavalliset lyhenteet ovat: s, singletti; d, dupletti; t, tripletti; m, multipletti; br, leveä; jne.; lisäksi "Ar" tarkoittaa aromaattista signaalia; kemiallisilla 15 symboleilla on tavanomaiset merkityksensä; myös seuraavia lyhenteitä on käytetty: v (tilavuus), w (paino), kp. (kiehumispiste), sp. (sulamispiste), 1 (litraa), ml (millilitraa), g (grammaa), mg (milligrammaa), mol (moolia), mmol (milli-moolia) , ekv. (ekvivalenttia).
20 Seuraavilla lyhenteillä on ilmoitetut merkitykset:
Ac = asetyyli . Bn = bent syy li . DBU = 1,8-diatsabisyklo[5.4.0]undek-7-eeni DIBAL = di-isobutyylialumiinihydridi [ 25 DMAP = 4-(dimetyyliamino)pyridiini DMF = N,N-dimetyyliformamidi ’ ‘ Et3N = trietyyliamiini LDA = litiumdi-isopropyyliamidi m-CPBA = metaklooriperbentsoehappo ;· 30 MMPP = monoperoksiftaalihappo
;MPPM = monoperoksiftaalihapon magnesiumsuola 6 H2O
, Ms = metaanisulfonyyli = mesyyli = S02Me » · I »
MsO = metaanisulfonaatti = mesylaatti * · NSAID = ei-steroidinen anti-inflammatorinen lääke 35 OXONEr = 2KHS05-KHS04-K2S04 PCC = pyridiniumkloorikromaatti PDC = pyridiniumdikromaatti
Ph = fenyyli 114913 20
Phe = bentseenidiyyli
Pye = pyridiinidiyyli r.t. = huoneenlämpötila ras. = raseeminen 5 SAM = aminosulfonyyli tai sulfonamidi tai SO2NH2 TBAF = tetra-n-butyyliammoniumfluoridi
Th = 2- tax 3-tienyyli TFAA = trifluorietikkahappoanhydridi THF = tetrahydrofuraani 10 Thi = tiofeenidiyyli TLC = ohutkerroskromatografia TMS-CN = trimetyylisilyylisyanidi
Tz = lH(tai 2H)-tetratsol-5-yyli C3H5 = allyyli 15 Alkyyliryhmän lyhenteet
Me = metyyli
Et = etyyli n-Pr = normaali propyyli i-Pr = isopropyyli 20 n-Bu = normaali butyyli i-Bu = isobutyyli , s-Bu = sekundäärinen butyyli : t-Bu = tertiäärinen butyyli ; c-Pr = syklopropyyli ! 25 c-Bu = syklobutyyli ' ; c-Pen = syklopentyyli c-Hex = sykloheksyyli
Esimerkki 9 (lähtöaineen valmistus) 30 3-(4-fluorifenyyli)-4-(4-(metyylisulfonyyli)fenyyli)- : 2-(5H)-furanoni ‘ . Vaihe 1: 2-bromi-l-(4-(metyylisulfonyyli)fenyyli)- ‘* etanoni *
Liuokseen, jonka muodosti 197 g 4-(metyylitio) ase-; : : 35 tofenonia (viite: JACS, 1952, 74, s. 5475) 700 ml:ssa MeOH:a ja 3500 ml:ssa CH2Cl2:a, lisättiin 881 g MMPP:ä 30 minuutin aikana. Kun reaktioseos oli ollut 3 tuntia huo neenlämpötilassa, se suodatettiin ja suodos pestiin 2 1:11a 21 114913 kylläistä NaHC03:n vesiliuosta ja 1 1:11a suolaliuosta. Vesi-faasia uutettiin edelleen 2 1:11a CH2Cl2:a. Yhdistetyt uutteet kuivattiin Na2S04:lla, väkevöitiin, jolloin saatiin 240 g 4-(metyylisulfonyyli)asetofenonia valkoisena kiinteänä aineena.
5 Jäähdytettyyn (-5 °C) liuokseen, jonka muodosti 174 g 4-(metyylisulfonyyli)asetofenonia 2,5 l:ssa CHCl3:a, lisättiin 20 mg AlCl3:a ja sen jälkeen liuos, jonka muodosti 40 ml Br2:a 300 ml:ssa CHCl3:a. Sen jälkeen reaktioseosta käsiteltiin 1,5 1:11a vettä ja CHCI3 erotettiin. Vesipitoista kerrosta uutet-10 tiin 1 1:11a EtOAc:a. Yhdistetyt uutteet kuivattiin Na2S04:lla ja väkevöitiin. Raakatuote uudelleenkiteytettiin 50/50-suhtei-sesta EtOAc:n ja heksaanin seoksesta, jolloin saatiin 210 g 2-bromi-1-(4-(metyylisulfonyyli)fenyyli)etanonia valkoisena kiinteänä aineena, is Vaihe 2:
Vaiheen 1 tuotteeseen (216 mg) , joka oli liuotettu asetonitriiliin (4 ml), lisättiin Et3N:a (0,26 ml) ja sen jälkeen 4-fluorifenyylietikkahappoa (102 mg) . Kun seos oli ollut 1,5 tuntia huoneenlämpötilassa, lisättiin 0,23 ml DBU:a. Reak-20 tioseosta sekoitettiin vielä 45 minuuttia ja sitten käsiteltiin 5 ml :11a 1 N HC1:a. Tuote uutettiin EtOAc:lla, kuivattiin Na2SC>4:lla ja väkevöitiin. Jäännös puhdistettiin flash-; kromatografiällä (40 % EtOAc:a heksaanissa), jolloin saatiin 150 mg otsikon yhdistettä kiinteänä aineena.
I 25 ^-NMR (CD3COCD3) δ 3,15 (3H, s), 5,36 (3H, s), 7,18 (2H, J = ; 8,9 Hz, t) , 7,46 (2H, m), 7,7 (2H, J = 8,65 Hz, d) , 7,97 (2H, : J = 8,68, d).
Esimerkki 10 (lähtöaineen valmistus) 3-(4-fluorifenyyli)-4-(4-(aminosulfonyyli)fenyyli)-2-• ‘ 30 (5H)-furanoni ^-NMR (CD3COCD3) δ 5,34 (2H, s), 6,67 (2H, bd) , 7,18 (2H, m), . 7,46 (2H, m), 7,61 (2H, m), 7,90 (2H, m).
Sp. 187 - 188 °C (d) .
! ♦ * 114913 22
Esimerkki 11 3-(4-fluorifenyyli)-4-(4-(metyylisulfonyyli)fenyy-li)f uraani
Vaihe 1: 5 Esimerkin 10 tuotteeseen (0,2 g), joka oli THF:ssa (5 ml) ja tolueenissa (3 ml), lisättiin hitaasti -78 °C:ssa DIBAL-liuosta (0,72 ml, 1 M tolueenissa). 15 minuutin kuluttua liuos lämmitettiin 0 °C:seen vielä 15 minuutiksi. Sen jälkeen tämä seos kaadettiin jäähdytettyyn natriumkaliumtartraatin ve-io siliuokseen ja EtOAc:iin. Orgaanista kerrosta sekoitettiin 0,5 tuntia muutaman kamferisulfonihappokiteen kanssa. Sen jälkeen tämä liuos väkevöitiin ja puhdistettiin flash-kromatografiällä, jolloin saatiin otsikon yhdiste.
^-NMR (CDC13) 3,1 (3H, s), 7,02 (2H, J = 8,9, t) , 7,18 (2H, 15 m), 7,4 (2H, J = 8,8 Hz, d), 7,58 (1H, s), 7,68 (1H, s), 7,85 (2H, J = 8,8 Hz, d).
Esimerkki 55 (lähtöaineen valmistus) 3- (fenyyli)-4-(4-(metyylisulfonyyli)fenyyli)-2-(5H)-furanoni 20 20 ml:n lasiampulliin lisätään 1 g 2-(4-(metyyli sulfonyyli) fenyyli)fenyyliasetyleeniä, 20 mg Rh4(C0)i2:a, 1,5 g . Et3N:a, 10 ml THF:a, 1 ml vettä typpiatmosfäärissä ja ampulli pannaan 100 ml:n ruostumatonta terästä olevaan autoklaaviin. Reaktiosysteemiä huuhdotaan kolme kertaa CO:11a, sitten saate-25 taan huoneenlämpötilassa 100 atm:n (10 133 kPa:n) alku-CO-'· · paineeseen. Reaktio toteutetaan 100 °C:ssa 5 tunnin aikana.
* ’ Sen jälkeen liuos laimennetaan 50 ml :11a bentseeniä ja pestään suolaliuoksella, 1 N HCl:lla. Bentseeniliuos kuivataan Na2S04:lla ja väkevöidään. Raakatuotteet erotetaan pylväskro-·· 30 matografiällä silikageelillä eluoiden 2:1-suhteisella EtOAc:n ja heksaanin seoksella, jolloin saadaan otsikon yhdiste ja sen .* . alueisomeeri.
; Esimerkki 56 (lähtöaineen valmistus) '*··' 3- (fenyyli) -4- (4- (metyylisulfonyyli) fenyyli) -2- (5H) - i! :*: 35 furanoni
Vaihe 1: 2-trimetyylisilyylioksi-4-(4-(metyylitio)- fenyyli)-3,4-dihydrofuraani
Liuokseen, jonka muodostaa 3,86 g (19 mmol) 4-bro- 114913 23 mitioanisolia 90 ml:ssa Et20:a, joka on jäähdytetty -78 °C:seen, lisätään 22 ml t-BuLi:n 1,7 M liuosta pentaanissa (38 mmol) tipoittain. Reaktioseosta sekoitetaan 15 minuuttia -78 °C:ssa ja lisätään 3,8 g Cul:a ja reaktioseoksen annetaan 5 lämmetä -40 °C:seen 30 minuutin aikana. Lisätään liuos, jonka muodostaa 1,7 g 2-(5H)-furanonia 10 ml:ssa THF:a. Sekoitetaan 1 tunti, minkä jälkeen lisätään tipoittain 2 ml juuri tislattua TMSCl:a. Sen jälkeen reaktioseosta käsitellään 2 ml:11a Et3N:a ja 50 ml:lla kyll. NaHC03:a ja uutetaan 100 ml:lla eet-io teriä. Eetterikerros kuivataan Na2SC>4:lla ja väkevöidään raa-katuotteena olevaksi otsikon yhdisteeksi, joka käytetään seu-raavassa vaiheessa ilman jatkopuhdistusta.
Vaihe 2: 4-(4-(metyylitio)fenyyli)-2-(5H)-furanoni
Liuokseen, jonka muodostaa 4 g Pd(OAc)2=a 100 mlrssa is asetonitriiliä, lisätään tipoittain vaiheen 1 raakatuote (5 g) käyttäen typpeä suojakaasuna huoneenlämpötilassa. Kun seos on ollut 10 tuntia huoneenlämpötilassa, se kondensoidaan alipaineessa ja jäännös puhdistetaan flash-kromatografiällä silika-geelillä eluoiden 2:1-suhteisella heksaanin ja EtOAcrn seok-20 sella, jolloin saadaan otsikon yhdiste.
Vaihe 3: 3-jodi-4-(4-(metyylitio)fenyyli)-2-(5H)- furanoni . Liuokseen, jonka muodostaa 3 g vaiheen 2 tuotetta 30 mlrssa pyridiiniä, lisätään 8,7 g I2:a. Seosta sekoitetaan 24 j 25 tuntia ja sitten laimennetaan 200 ml:11a eetteriä, pestään 100 : ml :11a 5 N HCl:a ja 50 mlrlla 5 N Na2S203:a. Eetterikerros kui- * vataan Na2S04:lla ja väkevöidään, jolloin saadaan otsikon yh- : diste.
Vaihe 4: 3-(fenyyli)-4-(4-(metyylitio)fenyyli)-2-(5H)- 30 furanoni
Seosta, jonka muodostavat 4 g vaiheen 3 tuotetta, 3,7 g PhB(OH)2:a, 0,4 g Ph3As:a, 0,4 g PdCl2 (PhCN) 2 ra 100 mlrssa [· bentseeniä ja 15 mlrssa 2 N NaOHra, refluksoidaan 6 tuntia.
Sen jälkeen lisätään eetteriä (200 ml) ja seos pestään 100 35 mlrlla kylläistä NaHC03:a. Orgaaninen kerros kuivataan j MgS04:lla ja väkevöidään. Jäännös puhdistetaan flash- kromatograf iällä silikageelillä eluoiden 4:1-suhteisella heksaanin ja EtOAcrn seoksella, jolloin saadaan otsikon yhdiste.
114913 24
Vaihe 5: 3-(fenyyli)-4-(4-(metyylisulfonyyli)fenyyli)- 2-(5H)-furanoni
Liuokseen, jonka muodostaa 3 g vaiheen 4 tuotetta 80 ml:ssa 10:1-suhteista CH2Cl2:n ja MeOH:n seosta, lisätään 5,5 5 g MPPM:ä. Reaktioseosta sekoitetaan huoneenlämpötilassa 2 tuntia ja sitten laimennetaan 100 ml :11a 1:1-suhteista heksaanin ja EtOAcm seosta. Suodatetaan ja väkevöidään, minkä jälkeen jäännös puhdistetaan flash-kromatografiällä eluoiden 2:1-suhteisella EtOAc:n ja heksaanin seoksella, jolloin saadaan ίο otsikon tuote.
‘ * » * *
Claims (4)
1. Menetelmä terapeuttisesti käyttökelpoisten 5 furaanijohdannaisten valmistamiseksi, joiden kaava on R1 10 ifi XXXVI 15 jossa R1 on S(0)2CH3 tai S(0)2NH2, ja R2 on fenyyli tai fenyyli joka on mono- tai disubstituoitu halogeenilla, joka on fluori, kloori tai bromi, tunnettu siitä, että yhdiste, jonka kaava on . 20 ; R1 jL xxxiii 25 \ ‘ \~o o ; jossa R1 ja R2 tarkoittavat samaa kuin kaavan XXXVI . ’ ; yhteydessä, saatetaan reagoimaan pelkistimen kanssa ja ·*, 30 hapotetaan. t I
;* ; 2. Patenttivaatimuksen 1 mukainen menetelmä kaavan XXXVI mukaisten yhdisteiden valmistamiseksi jossa R1 tarkoittaa samaa kuin vaatimuksessa 1 ja R2 on fenyyli tai fenyyli joka 114913 on monosubstituoitu halogeenilla, joka on fluori, kloori tai bromi.
3. Yhdisteet, joiden kaava on 5 R1 10 .X f XXXIII r2vS y° 15 0 jossa R1 on S(0)2CH3 tai S(0)2NH2, ja 20 R2 on fenyyli tai fenyyli joka on mono- tai disubstituoitu ; halogeenilla, joka on fluori, kloori tai bromi.
« : 4. Patenttivaatimuksen 3, kaavan XXXIII mukaiset yhdisteet, jossa R1 tarkoittaa samaa kuin vaatimuksessa 3 ja R2 on 25 fenyyli tai fenyyli joka on monosubstituoitu halogeenilla, joka on fluori, kloori tai bromi. .* » t I I · ' f * f » · 114913
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GB9420616D0 (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1994-11-30 | Merck Sharp & Dohme | Method, compositions and use |
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GB9602877D0 (en) * | 1996-02-13 | 1996-04-10 | Merck Frosst Canada Inc | 3,4-Diaryl-2-hydroxy-2,5- dihydrofurans as prodrugs to cox-2 inhibitors |
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CA2180651A1 (en) * | 1994-01-10 | 1995-07-13 | Yves Ducharme | Phenyl heterocycles as cox-2 inhibitors |
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US6426360B1 (en) * | 1994-07-28 | 2002-07-30 | G D Searle & Co. | 4,5-substituted imidazolyl compounds for the treatment of inflammation |
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