CN1230233A - 含粘合增强弹力薄膜的薄膜-非织造物层压件 - Google Patents
含粘合增强弹力薄膜的薄膜-非织造物层压件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1230233A CN1230233A CN97197942A CN97197942A CN1230233A CN 1230233 A CN1230233 A CN 1230233A CN 97197942 A CN97197942 A CN 97197942A CN 97197942 A CN97197942 A CN 97197942A CN 1230233 A CN1230233 A CN 1230233A
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Abstract
本发明针对这类薄膜—非织造物层压件。这类层压件包括拉伸减薄的可透气膜,膜上涂布有粘合剂的图案或网络来改进其耐用性和强度。本发明在需要或希望有高强、舒适、不透液和可透气的领域中有着广泛的应用,这包括但不限于贴身吸湿制品、衣着制品、成卷布料和与保健有关的制品。
Description
本申请要求1996年7月15日提交的申请系列号为60/021733的美国临时申请的优先权。
发明领域
本发明是针对将定向的低厚度透气膜用于薄膜-非织造物层压件。
发明背景
薄膜-非织造物层压件有着广泛的应用,这包括用于贴身吸湿制品如尿布、运动短裤、失禁衣着、妇女保健制品、卫生巾、绷带、扎带等的外罩。薄膜-非织造物层压件还已在相关卫生领域用作外科中的被罩与罩衣、净室服装、灭菌外套,也还用于成卷的布料,例如用作帐蓬料以及家具、汽车和其它交通工具的外罩。
特别是在贴身吸湿制品领域,重点放在开发低成本的薄膜-非织造物层压件,使其构成人体排出物(液体和其它排泄物)通过时的有效阻挡层,同时显示出良好的美感与触感如手感性质。用来企图实现满意的,低成本的薄膜-非织造物层压件的一种技术用到了进一步减薄的薄膜,常能增加柔软性并在使用中能减轻声响。这样的低厚度薄膜还容易透气化或微孔化。
这种薄膜能具有小于或等于0.6mil的有效厚度和等于或小于25.0克/米2(gsm)的基座。特别是当这种低厚度薄膜是通过沿例如机器方向拉伸或延展实现时,此时的拉伸或延展便使薄膜内的聚合物分子的分子结构沿延伸方向取向,从而提高了薄膜沿机器方向的强度。但是,这种按同一个机器方向取向的薄膜,由于扩张强度和易卡塞撕裂的性质,就会减弱横截机器方向的强度。
为了补偿上述单向拉伸膜的低强度结构,将一个支承层(或多个支承层)例如纤维织物层叠到此薄膜层上,使形成的层压件除保留其它性质外还提高了强度与耐用性。由拉伸减薄的膜和非织造物组成的层压件已由热层压技术形成,在这种技术中,正如在加热的型辊与超声处理中,采用了加热与加压。但是,薄膜与非织造物的热层压要求用来形成薄膜和非织造物的聚合材料能在热性能上匹配,具体要使这两种聚合物能通过热粘合产生大于或等于20克的剥离力。于是,热层压技术便不能仅仅地根据成本、可加工性和/或性能准则来自由地选择薄膜聚合物,也要求一定程度加热与加压,而这会导致薄膜层中出现不希望有的孔隙或是局部损伤,以及/或者使所得的层压件有害地硬挺化。最后,这种热压的薄膜-非织造物层压件已在某些情形下,特别是在用作贴身吸湿制品时,显示出强度和耐久性都不充分,导致这种吸湿制品在使用中会让层压件的薄膜层灾难性的撕毁。本发明人已经注意到,在这种热层压的薄膜-非织造物层压件中,热层压的薄膜-非织造物层压件的撕裂事故,常会从薄膜与非织造层结合到一起的热结合点和区域中展布开。为此,需要有这样的薄膜-非织造物层压件,它包括有改进了单向(即机器方向)性的低厚度薄膜,而这种薄膜的强度和耐用性都已提高,特别是在横截机器方向上。
发明概述
于是,本发明的一个目的在于,将表面上涂布有图案或网络状粘合剂区从而改进了强度与耐用性的单向低厚度膜,粘合到纤维质非织造物层上,来提供改进了的薄膜-非织造物层压件。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供提高了强度与耐用性,而且可高度透气的低成本粘结式薄膜-非织造物层压件。
本发明的再一目的在于提供改进了的粘结式薄膜-非织造物层压件,它不要求形成此薄膜层与非织造层的聚合物料在热性能上匹配。
上述目的和其它目的可以通过独立权利要求,所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件来实现,此种层压件包括:
有表面的纤维质非织造物层;
有表面的薄膜层;
上述薄膜层沿拉伸的方向取向并具有等于或小于0.6mil的有效厚度;
上述薄膜层是由混合物形成,此混合物按此薄膜层总重的百分数计,包括约30%~约70%的一第一聚烯烃聚合物,约70%~约30%的填料以及约0%~约20%的一第二聚烯烃聚合物;
上述薄膜层具有的水蒸汽透过率至少约300克/米2/24小时;
涂布于上述薄膜层的前述表面上的粘合剂区图案;
所述粘合剂区图案具有约0.1~约20克/米2(gsm)的添加量、所述薄膜层的所述表面每单位面积上约5%~约50%的百分数粘合区、以及在大致平行于拉伸方向的方向中两粘合区之间的约等于或小于1.0英寸的最大问题;
上述纤维质非织造物层的前述表面通过涂布于所述薄膜层表面上的上述粘合剂区图案,粘合到所述薄膜层的表面上而形成层压件。
本发明的其它优点、各个方面以及细节所根据所给出的从属权利要求说明与附图获得理解.这些权利要求在此应理解为用作为第一种非限制性的手段来一般地确定本发明。
附图的简要描述
图1是本发明的粘合增强可透气类的布状薄膜-非织造物层压件的横剖图;
图2是涂布到本发明的薄膜层表面的熔喷粘合剂纤维的随选图案的正视图,其中此薄膜层的拉伸方向由直线x-x表明;
图3是涂布到本发明的薄膜层表面上的印色粘合剂区的凸条图案的正视图,其中薄膜拉伸方向由直线x-x表明;
图4是涂布到本发明的薄膜层表面上的印色粘合剂区的云状图案的正视图,其中薄膜层的拉伸方向由直线x-x表明;和
图5是以本发明的粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件为外罩的一次性尿布的透视图。
本发明的详细描述
本发明针对一种改进的薄膜-非织造物层压件,它利用涂布到此层压件的薄膜层表面上的粘合剂区的图案或网络,单向地,一般取机器方向,改进薄膜和包括有这种薄膜的薄膜-非织造物层压件两者的耐用性与强度。仅仅是为了便于说明,将结合把本发明用作贴身吸湿制品,包括尿布、运动短裤、失禁衣着、卫生巾、绷带等的外罩时加以说明。这样,本发明将不限于这些具体应用,而是可以用在这种粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件所适合的各种情形。
参看图1,其中示明了本发明的粘合增强薄膜-非织造层压件的实施例。此粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件10包括一单向的低厚度薄膜层12,上面通过粘合剂的纤维、长丝、直线或区域18的图案或网络附着到非织造物的织物或层16之上。粘合剂区18在其所涂布的薄膜层12的表面14的每单位面积上具有约5%至约50%的百分比粘合区,同时在两粘合剂区之间沿大致平行于拉伸方向(取向)具有的最大间距不大于约1.0英寸(约25.4mm)。粘合剂18是按约0.1~约20克/米2(gsm)的添加量涂布到与非织造的织物和层16相邻的薄膜层12的表面14上。这是本发明的最基本的实施形式,可以再作改进和添加。例如可将另外的料层添加到层压件10上来形成多层式层压件。这些另外的材料层包括与第一纤维质非织造的织物和层16相对的薄膜层12的表面上所粘附的第二纤维质非织造的织物和层。或者,这种经粘合剂粘合上薄膜层12的非织造的织物和层16本身也可以包括多层的非织造层压件或复合件。
这里所用的“层”或“织物”在其单数形式下可以有双重意义,可指单件或多件;所用到的“层压件”指由两层或多层(或织物)料相互粘合形成复合料;所用到的“非织造织物”或“非织造的织物和层”则指这样一种织物,它具有相互铺叠的独立的纤维或丝,但是不是取针织物或机织织物那种可识别的重复方式的结构。应该指出,尽管本发明是结合非织造织物和织物来描述的,但由适当材料形成的机织和/或针织织物可以适当地用作这里所公开的层压件的纤维支承层。这里所用到的“机器方向”或MD是指材料或织物的长向即其生产时的方向,而所用到的“横截机器方向”或CD则指材料或织物的宽向,即大致垂直于MD的方向。
市售的热塑性聚合物料可以有利地用于制造形成非织造织物或层16的纤维或长丝。这里所用的“聚合物”包括但不限于均聚物、共聚物如成块共聚物、接枝共聚物、无规共聚物、交替共聚物与三聚物等,以及它们的混合物与改性物。此外,除非另有具体限制,“聚合物”一词还将包括这种材料所有可能的几何构型,其中包括但不限于等规的、间规的、无规的以及无规立构的对称形。这里所用到的“热塑性聚合物”或热塑性聚合材料“是指这样的长链聚合物它与热接触时软化而在冷却至环境温度时返回到固态。典型的热塑性材料包括但不限于聚乙烯、聚酯、聚酰亚胺、多氟烃、聚烯烃、聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚乙烯醇、己内酰胺以及它们的共聚物。用于制造非织造物层16的纤维可以具有任意适当的形态,并可以包括空心或实心纤维、直的或曲折的纤维、双组分、多组分、双成分和多成分的纤维以及这些纤维的混合物和混和物,这些都是相应技术中周知的。纤维的长度可以很短,如在短切纤维中的情形,或也可实质上是连续的,如在纺粘长丝中的情形。纤维的厚度可加以调节取得适于最终应用目的的所需性质。例如在贴身吸湿制品中,平均纤维直径一般为约10微米~30微米。
能够用作本发明的非织造物层16的非织造织物可以由多种已知的成形工艺形成,这包括纺粘、气流成网、熔喷或粘合的粗梳织物成形工艺。纺粘非织造织物是由熔纺丝形成。这里所作的“熔纺丝”是指小直径的纤维和/或长丝,它们是由喷丝板的许多细的且通常是圆形的毛细管,将熔融的热塑性材料作为长丝挤压出,然后例如由非喷射的或喷射的流体拉伸或其它周知的纺粘机构使此挤压出的长丝快速减径。最后,这些熔纺长丝以一种实质上无规则的方式沉积到运动的载运皮带或类似装置上,形成实质上连续和无规则排列的熔纺丝织物。纺粘丝在它们沉积到集料面上时一般是不发粘的。纺粘非织造织物的生产工艺描述于下述各美国专利中:NO.4340563(Appel等)、NO.3692618(Dorschner等)、NO.3802817(Matsul I等)、NO.3338992与NO.3341394(Kinney)、NO.3502763(Hartman)、NO.3276944(Levy)、NO.3502538(Peterson)以及NO.3542615(Dobo等),其中所有内容均已综合于此作为参考。由纺粘形成的熔纺长丝一般是连续的,其平均直径至少5次测量结果大于7微米,更确切地是在约10至100微米之间。另一个常用来表征纤维或长丝的数是旦尼尔(denier),它定义为每9000米纤维或长丝的克数。
纺粘法也可以用来形成双组分纺粘非织造织物,例如利用并列形成皮芯型线性低密度聚乙烯/聚丙烯纺粘双组分长丝。适用于形成这种双组分纺粘非织造织物的工艺已描述于Pike等的美国专利NO.5418045国,它们全部内容已综合于此作为参考。简单地说,这一形成上述双组分长丝和最终织物的方法包括,用一对挤压机分别将前述两种聚合物组分供给双组分喷丝板。生产双组分长丝用的喷丝板是本技术领域周知的,因而在此不予详述。一般地说,此种喷丝板包括一含有自旋组件的机壳,此自旋组件包括多个垂直叠置的板,它们具有排列成能形成将高、低熔融温度的聚合物分别导引到喷丝板中的纤维成形孔中的孔口形状。此喷丝板所具有的孔排成一行或多行,并在这些聚合物通过喷丝板挤压时形成向下延伸的长丝幕。当这一长丝幕从喷丝板出来时,就由来自长丝幕的一侧或两侧的骤冷空气接触,此种冷空气至少部分地把这些长丝骤冷,并在从喷丝板延伸出的纤维中伸展为潜在的螺旋卷。通常,骤冷空气将大致垂直于长纤维的长向,速度为约30~约120米/分钟,温度约7~约32℃。
喷丝板下设有纤维抽吸装置或吸丝器来接收经骤冷处理的长丝,用于熔纺聚合物的抽吸装置或吸丝器是本技术领域周知的。适用于此工艺的典型纤维抽吸装置包括美国专利NO.3802817(Matsaki)所示的直线型吸丝器,美国专利NO.3692618(Dorschner等)以及美国专利NO.3423266(Davies等)所示的那种喷射枪,它们之中所公开的全部内容已综合于此作为参考。这种纤维抽吸装置一般具有细长的通道,纤维便由流过此通道的抽吸气体抽吸。这种抽吸气体可以是任何气体例如是空气,只要它们不与纤维所用的聚合物起有害的反应即可。则常规结构的加热器将热的抽吸气体供给于纤维抽吸装置,当此抽吸气体通过纤维抽吸装置抽吸骤冷的纤维和环境空气时,纤维就被加热到为激活其中潜在的卷曲所需的温度。用来激活这些纤维中潜在的卷曲所需用的温度通常从约43℃至不超过低熔组分聚合物的熔点的最大温度。一般,较高的空气温度产生较高的每单位长度的纤维卷曲数。或者,所在环境温度下从喷丝板抽出纤维幕,结果形成基本上平直的或不卷曲的纺粘纤维的织物。
此抽吸出的卷曲的纤维从纤维抽吸装置出来后,此无规则的方式沉积于连续成形面上,此时一般是用设于此成形面下方的真空装置辅助。加真空的目的在于避免纤维发生不希望的分数,并把纤维导引到此成形面上来形成双组分纤维的均匀的不粘合的非织造织物。在有需要时,可如下所述使制得的双组分纺粘织物经过预粘合或辅助粘合处理。
纺粘织物一般在其刚生产出之后是稳定或固实的(预粘合的),以便使织物有充分的整体性和强度来经受住进一步加工为成品时的苛刻的条件。这种预粘合的步骤可以这样地来完成,即把可以热激活的液态或粉末态的粘合剂涂布到纤维上,或更为一般地,用压实辊来实现这一步骤。这是所用的“压实辊”一词指的是在非织造织物之上或之下用来使此织物致密化的一组辊,作为一种处理生产出的熔纺纤维特别是纺粘纤维织物的方法,以便使此织物具有足以供进一步加工的整体性,但是又不是像以后所施加的辅助性粘合工艺,如通空气粘合、热粘合、超声粘合以及类似粘合工艺中或者较强的粘合。
典型的辅助性粘合工艺利用压花辊装置使纺粘织物热粘合。这种压花辊装置通常包括压花粘合辊和光滑砧辊,它们在一起确定出一热压花的粘合辊隙。或者,也可使此砧辊的外表面上同样载有粘合花纹。此压花辊由常用的加热装置加热到适当的粘合温度并由常规的驱动装置转动,从而在纺粘织物通过辊隙时能形成一系列的热的花纹粘合部。辊隙中的轧点压力要足以使此织物在形成它的一定的线速度、粘结温度与材料下取得所需的粘结程度。对于这样的纺粘物而言,百分数粘合面积通常为约10%~约20%。
形成熔融纤维时,是使熔融热塑材料通过多个细的通常呈圆形的拉丝毛细管,挤压成熔融的纱或丝,进入高速的通常已加热的气体如空气的相对气流中,使熔融的热塑材料丝变细减轻,然后切断成小直径的不连续纤维,之后,这些熔喷纤维便沉积到集丝面上,形成无规则分散的熔喷纤维的织物。这样的熔喷织物由于织物中各个纤维的缠结与纤维之间某种程度的热粘合或自粘合,特别是集丝只是在挤压后经短的距离实现时,便具有整体性。熔喷工艺属周知的,已描述于各种专利和出版物中,包括NRL报告4364,B,A.Wendt,E.L.Boone和C.D.F1aharty的“超细有机纤维的制造;NRL报告5265,K.D.Lawrence,R.T.Lakas和J.A.Young的“用于形成超细热塑纤维的一种改进装置”;Prentice的美国专利NO.3676242;Buntin等的美国专利NO.3849241以及Apple等的美国专利4720252,它们之中所公开的内容已完全综合于此作为参考。一般,熔喷织物中所含的熔喷纤维所具有的纤维平均直径高达约10微米,至多有极少的纤维直径超过10微米。通常,这种熔喷织物中纤维的平均直径约2~6微米。此熔喷织物中的纤维虽然主要是不连续的,伸这种纤维的普通长度超过短切纤维一般的长度。
适用来实施本发明的非织造织物还可以由粘合粗梳的织物和气流成网织物制造。粘合粗梳织物是由通常成包购入的短切纤维制成。这样的纤维包则放置在分开纤维的清摘器中。然后把纤维送过一精梳或粗梳装置。把它们断开并把这些短切纤维沿机器方向排列,形成大致按机器方向取向的纤维质的非织造织物。一旦此织物形成,就可将它按这里所述的方式粘合。
气流成网是另一种能形成纤维非织造织物的周知方法。在此气流成网方法中,把具有约6~19mm典型长度的细纤维来分开并输送到空气源中,然后放到成形屏网上,通常借助一直空源。再利用周知的粘合技术把这些无规则设置的纤维相互粘合。
还能形成用作本发明中的纤维非织造层16的层压件。这种层压件包括例如Brock等的美国专利中所述的纺粘/熔喷层压件和纺粘/熔喷/纺粘层压中,此专利中所公开的内容已综合于此作为参考。对于纺粘/熔喷层压件,一般更希望将此层压件的熔喷部分接附到薄膜层上。此外,在某些应用中,也希望在这种薄膜-非织造层压件上添加另外的层,例如在与第一或其它非织造层相对的膜层面上添加第二非织造或其它支承层。这里的第二支承层例如仍可以是上述单层的非织造材料或层压件。
薄膜层12包括至少两种基本组分:聚烯烃聚合物,最好主要是线型聚烯烃聚合物,例如线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)或是聚丙烯;以及填料。这些组分混合到一起,然后用薄膜加工工艺中周知的种种薄膜生产方法中的任何一种来加热,之后挤压成薄膜层。这些薄膜生产方法例如包括铸塑压花、冷铸和平铸以及吹膜方法。对薄膜层12可以加其它的添加剂与组分,只要它们不会显著地干扰此薄膜层具有本发明现定的功能的能力即可。
一般,按干重计算,根据薄膜的总重,薄膜层12应包括约30~约70%重量百分比的聚烯烃聚合物和约30%~约70%重量百分比的填料,在较特别的实施例中。它另外还包括约0~约20%重量百分比的其它聚烯烃聚合物,如低密度聚乙烯。
线型低密度聚乙烯已被发现在混合有适当的填料量时能很好地有作薄膜的基料。但可以相信,任何适当的聚烯烃聚合物都可用来形成本发明的薄膜层12,而其中最好是任何主要是线型的聚烯烃聚合物。这里用到的术语“线型低密度聚乙烯”包括乙烯和较高的α-烯烃共聚单体如C3-C12的聚合物用其结合形式,且它们的熔体指数(MI)按ASTM D-1238方法D测量的结果是从约0.5至约10(克/分,190℃)。所谓“主要是线型”的是指主聚合物链是线型的,在每1000个乙烯单位中具有少于约5个长链分支。长链分支将包括大于C12的链的碳链。对于非弹性的短链支化的(C3-C12)的主要是线型的聚烯烃聚合物,同夹杂有共聚单体,通常限制为每1000个乙烯单位少于20个短链;对于是弹性的聚合物则有等于或大于20个短链。主要是线型的聚烯烃聚合物包括但不限于,从下述单体:乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、4-甲基-戊烯、1-己烷、1-辛烷和较高的聚烯烃以及它们的共聚物和三聚物。此外,乙烯与其它聚烯烃的共聚物包括丁烯、4-甲基-戊烯、己烷、辛烷、癸烯等也是主要是线型的共烯烃聚合物。
除聚烯烃聚合物外,薄膜层12还包括填料,这里所用的“填料”包括可以添加到薄膜聚合物挤压混合物中的且在化学性质上不干扰挤压的薄膜并能够均匀分散到此薄膜中的粒料和其它形式的材料。一般地说,这种填料是粒状形式,可是球形或大球形,平均粒度约0.1~0.7微米。有机和无机两种填料都在本发明的范围内,只要求它们不妨碍薄膜的形成过程或薄膜可具有本发本规定功能的能力即可。适用的填料例如包括碳酸钙(CaCO3)、各种粘土、二氧化硅(SiO2)、氧化铝、碳酸铵、碳酸钠、碳酸镁、滑石、硫酸钡、硫酸镁、硫酸铅、二氧化钛(TiO2)、沸石。纤维素型粉末、高岭土、云母、碳、氧化钙、氧化镁、氢氧化铝、木浆粉、木粉、纤维素衍生物、壳质与壳质衍生物。可以根据需要于填料颗粒上涂布适当的涂层,例如硬脂酸涂层。
如上所述,薄膜层12可以用薄膜成形中所熟知的任何传统方法形成。聚烯烃聚合物和填料按这里给出的范围,以适当的比例混合,然后加热和挤压成膜,为了提供用薄膜的水蒸汽透过率所反应的均匀透气率,填料应均匀分散到整个聚合物混合料因而是整个薄膜层本身中。在用于本发明时,所谓薄膜是“可透气的”是指它用这里描述的试验方法计算时,具有的水蒸汽透过率至少为300克/米2/24小时。一般,在薄膜刚刚形成后,它的单位面积重量小于约80克/米2(gsm),而在拉伸成薄后,它的单位面积重量为约12~约25gsm。
下述本发明例子中所用薄膜层为单层膜,但其它的类型如多层膜也视作为在本发明的范围之内,主要它的成形工艺可与填充薄层匹配。初始形成的薄膜一般的厚度和噪声都超出要求,因为它会在摇振时发出喀啦声。此外,这种薄膜也不具有按它的水蒸汽透过率测定的足够的可透气度。因此,要把薄膜加热到等于或小于聚烯烃聚合物的熔点5℃的温度,然后用顺列式的取机器方向(MDO)的装置将此薄膜拉伸到至少是其原有长度的两倍(2x),使薄膜减薄成为多孔的。此外,将薄膜12拉伸到它的长度约三倍(3x)、四倍(4x)或更大的倍数。虽然在形成本发明的薄膜层12方面是意料之中的。
薄膜层12经拉伸减薄后应具有“有效的”“薄膜厚度或即从约0.2~约0.6mil厚度。这一有效厚度用来考虑可透气膜层中的孔隙或空气间隙。对于通常的非填充的不透气膜来说,实际厚度和有效厚度一般是一致的。但对于这里所述的已拉薄的填充薄来说,薄膜的厚度还将包括空气间隙。为了不把这一添加的体积计算在内,将根据这里所列的试验方法计算有效厚度。
拉伸减薄方法的另一特点是改变膜料的不透明性。薄膜在形成时是较透明的,但在拉伸后就变得不透明了。此外,薄膜在拉伸减薄过程中成为定向的,同时会变得较软和减少了“喀啦”声。
这种单向的取机器方向的薄膜通常在横截机器方向上不是有良好的强度性质,从而导致薄膜易沿机器方向(拉伸方向)撕裂或裂开。解决这种拉伸薄膜中“分裂性”问题的方法曾经是把薄膜层热粘合到纤维层非织造织物或层上,使后一纤维支承层增强薄膜,并在绝大部分上确定了所得的薄膜-非织造物层压件的耐用性与强度性质。但应注意到,这种热粘合的薄膜-非织造物层压件存在一些缺陷,特别是当所加入的取机器方向的填料拉伸到其原有长度的四倍来获取薄膜的微孔性和透气性时。
本发明的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造物与热粘合的薄膜-非织造物层压件相比,能够让热性能不匹配的薄膜和非织造物如LLDPE薄膜和聚丙烯非织造织物有效地层压。所获得的层压件具有优越的美感质量如手感和感观、层压强度、耐用性和强度特性,并且是可高度透气的,同时在热粘合时不会有因过热和/或过压在薄膜层中造成弱点或多孔性。
这里用到的“粘合剂”一词是指具有任何适当的粘合区18涂布到薄膜层12的表面上来形成本发明的薄膜-非织造物层压件的粘合剂。因此,适用的粘合剂包括传统的热熔体粘合剂、压敏粘合剂和活性粘合剂(即聚氨酯)。更具体地说,嵌段共聚物型结构的粘合剂、乙基乙烯醋酸酯(EVA)基的粘合剂(例如18~30%重量百分比的醋酸乙烯酸)和无定型的α聚烯烃共聚物加三聚物基的粘合剂,都已证明能良好地用来形成本发明的薄膜-非织造物层压件。所有这类粘合剂都能配制成含蜡和增粘剂来改进的其加工性或热粘性或柔软性。
所用的粘合剂涂布法必须适合所用粘合剂的具体类型,使得薄膜层和非织造层粘性粘后来产生大于或等于20克的剥离强度。这种粘合剂例如能以交错的、无规则分散的熔喷粘合剂纤维图案或网络的形成应用。这样的熔喷粘合剂纤维通常具有的平均直径从约5~约50微米。这里所用到的词“熔喷粘合剂纤维”包括不连续的和连续的粘合剂纤维。用来把熔喷纤维应用到移动衬底的表面上的方法属已知的,例如见于Apple等的美国专利NO.4720252中,它所公开的内容已结合于此作为参考。
将粘合剂涂布到膜层12上的其它适当方法例如包括喷涂或盘绕涂布成热熔体粘合剂区,以用筛网印或凹版印成粘合剂区。这种熔体喷涂和粘合剂印花的方法是本技术领域中周知的,这里不予详述。用这种印花方法涂布粘合剂特别是有色的粘合剂时能够增加美感,作为这种粘合剂因素可以取几何的或非几何的的构型,重复或不重复的形状,连续或不连续的线条,想象的或任意的设计,符号或物体,甚至是文本或文字。图3与4所示的粘合剂图案是这类印出的粘合剂图案的例示。
某些印花方法例如筛网印花需使筛网同待印花的衬底作直接接触。印制某些类型的粘合剂如一些压敏粘合剂时,由于这类粘合剂在环境温度下的高粘性或高程度的粘合力,已证明是有问题的。但是,通过把粘合剂印到适当的脱模面如脱模纸上,然后在把薄膜层12粘合到非织造层16上之前,再把所印出的粘合剂从脱模面转印到薄膜层12上。
与形成本发明的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造物层压件所用的具体粘合剂涂布方法无关,本发明人已经发现,粘合剂必须直接或间接地涂布到薄膜层12而不是非织造层16的表面上。涂布到非织造层16的表面上时,由于非织造织物的纤维性质,会减少可用来增强薄膜层12的粘合剂的均匀性。粘合剂会渗入并通过非织造层16中各个纤维之间的空隙,从而会减少可用来增强薄膜层12的粘合剂的连续性。特别是在用筛网或型板来印上粘合剂时,涂布到非织造层上的粘合剂会使图案的清晰度变差,减少到这里谈到的粘合剂印刷方法在美感方面的优点。当把粘合剂18涂布到薄膜层12的表面14上时,对于能用于增强此薄膜层的粘合剂量和粘合剂的涂布图形都能有效地控制。此外,粘合剂18的涂布基本上应遍及薄膜层12的长和宽,以便保证应用这种薄膜层12的粘合增强膜-非织造物层压件10时薄膜层12和非织造层16的分层。
粘合剂区的主要作用在于增强此薄膜-非织造物层压件的低厚度或拉伸减薄的膜层的强度。正如这里所指出的,沿机器方向(MD)高度取向(2x或更大)的结果,在横截机器方向(CD)的张力的影响下常会沿机器方向“分裂”。本发明人看到,其将无规则分散的交叉网络的熔喷粘合剂区施加到本发明的这种薄膜上时能起到特别良好的作用,提供了“防裂”能力,即通过分布作用到薄膜上的CD张力荷载来反抗上述的薄膜分裂,由此而提高了这一按机器方向定向的薄膜以及包括有这种薄膜的薄膜-非织造物层压件的耐用性和强度。说的更确切些,上述无规则分散的交错的熔喷粘合剂区的网络包括沿MD“紧密隔开的”各熔喷粘合剂纤维。这里用到的“紧密隔开的粘合剂区”是指各个粘合剂区之间的最大距离在大致平行于拉伸方向的方向中为约1.0英寸(25.4mm),更好是0.25英寸(6.35mm),最好是0.125英寸(3.18mm)。这里用到的词“大致平行于拉伸方向”是指这样一条沿着它来测量粘合剂区之间距离的直线,而它与拉伸方向的直线形成的内角小于或等于30°。通过将薄膜层拉伸方向,例如机器方向的各个粘合剂区之间的最大间距限制到上述规定范围,就能减少薄膜层12中孔与裂纹的形成和蔓延,同时能增大薄膜层12在分裂或撕开前所能经受的横截机器方向的延伸量。换言之,通过增大粘合剂图案或网络内各个粘合剂区的连通性和邻近度,可以有效地减少薄膜层12的分裂性。
尽管无规则分散的粘合剂区的交错网络如熔喷粘合剂纤维,能够按以上所述有效地用来形成本发明的粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件,但同样可采用其它的粘合剂涂布图案和涂布方法。例如,将加入量和百分粘合面积在规定范围内,沿横截机器方向延伸或取向的大致平行、连续和/或不连续的粘合剂线条印涂到薄膜层12的表面14上,当此薄膜12添加到非织造层16上来形成本发明的薄膜-非织造物层压件时,就能合乎需要的提高此薄膜层12的强度和耐用性。适用的涂布粘合剂的方法受到它们能用来控制以下参数的本领的限制,这些参数是:所用粘合剂的加入量、粘合剂区的百分粘合面积、沿伸长方向(MD)的各粘合区之间的最大间距,此外还受到它能否把此薄膜层在粘合剂充分粘合时粘到非织造层上使此薄膜-非织造物层压件产生出至少20克的剥离强度。此粘合剂的加入量应为约0.1~20克/米2,更好约0.25~约5.0克/米2。而最好约0.5~约0.15克/米2、减少此加入量会减低此层压件的生产成本和减少薄膜层可透气性的风险。与此相反,较多的粘合剂加入量则能提供较耐用的层压件,适用多种用途的成品。
按上述方式涂布粘合剂区的图案或网络同连续涂布粘合剂的情形相比,例如并未显著减少此薄膜非织造物层压件的微孔性或透气性,本发明人还认为(连续式粘合涂层之所以不宜用于形成本发明的层压件是由于它会影响此层压件成品的物理性质如隔音和杯件压碎等。薄膜层12的表面14上涂布有粘合剂区18的这部分的总面积可以表示为百分粘合面积。“百分粘合面积”一词用在这里是指薄膜层12的表面14为粘合剂区18所占据这部分的总的平面面积。此百分粘合面积可用包括这里所述的图像分析法在内的多种传统方法测量。通过将所述粘合剂区的百分粘合面积限制为要涂布上此粘合剂的薄膜层12的表面14每单位面积的约5%~约50%,同时控制所涂布粘合剂区的最大间距以及粘合剂加入量,就能在不影响最终层压件的透气性下实现能用于形成所述层压件的粘合剂增强的低厚度、拉薄的可透气的充填膜。
尽管本发明的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造物层压件如上面所述包括为单轴定向的或拉伸的薄膜层,但本发明的优益之处也能施于双轴取向或拉伸的薄膜中。同样,虽然这里所述的是把粘合剂区18用到薄膜层12的相反的那面上,并且可以在粘合剂加入量、百分粘合面积和拉伸方向的最大间距等方面相同或不相同。
本发明的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造物层压件具有多方面的最终用途,这包括贴身吸湿制品如图5所示一次性尿布20的外罩材料。尿布20是通常所用的绝大多数的贴身吸湿制品之一,这包括透液体侧衬里24和不透液外罩22,其中的外罩22则包括本发明的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造物层压件。各种织造、非织造和有孔的薄膜材料都可用于体侧衬里24。例如,此体侧衬里可以包括聚烯烃纤维的熔喷或纺粘的非织造织物。天然和/或合成纤维的粘合的粗梳织物。
衬里24和外罩22之间是吸湿芯26,后者例如由亲水的纤维素木浆纤维绒和高吸湿的胶凝粒料(例如超级湿料)混合而成。吸湿芯26一般是可压缩的、可贴身的和不刺激穿用者皮肤且能吸收和保持体液渗出物的。用在本发明中时,吸湿芯26可以包括单个的整片材料或多片独立的材料。吸湿芯26的大小和吸湿容量需匹配具体用户的尺寸和由尿布20的计划用途所确定加液体载荷。包括有这种衬里、外罩和吸湿结构的尿布的合适织造与布置,例如已描述于Lalimer等人的美国专利NO.5429629中,它所公开的内容已完全结合于此作为参考。
所有选择的将一弹性件设于尿布20的各纵边的附近。这种弹性件用来相对于穿用者的大腿拉拽和保持尿布20的横向侧缘28的。此外,也可在尿布20侧的一或两个端边30的附近设置弹性件来形成弹性腰带。
尿布20还可有选择地包括由体侧衬里24制成或接附于其上的密封片32。包括有这种密封片的尿布的合适结构与布局例如已描述于K.Enloe的美国专利NO.4704116中,其中公开的内容已全部综合于此作为参考。
为使尿布20能牢靠地固定于穿用者身上,尿布上应接附有某种紧固装置。如图5所示,这种紧固装置是钩环紧固系统,它包括装在尿布20的后腰带区中外罩22的内和/或外表面上的钩件34以及设于此尿布20的前腰带区中的外罩22的外表面上的一或多个环形件盖片36。
上面描述了本发明的某些具体实施例,而为了进一步阐述本发明,已制出了粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件的一系列试样。对这些试样所作的测试结果和所采用的试验方法列述于下。
试验方法
下面试验方法来分析这里所述的试样。
有效厚度
膜料的有效厚度是把此膜的基重除以形成此膜的聚合物和填料两者的密度而计算出的。为了求得以英寸为单位的膜料有效厚度,是把按盎司/码2(OSY)测量出的每单位面积重量乘以0.001334(公-英制换算系数),再把此结果除以克/厘米3(g/cc)表示的聚合物组成的密度。
拉伸强度和伸长率试验
把用于拉伸强度和伸长率的试验方法用来测量材料的断裂负荷和材料在断裂前的百分延伸率。这些测量结果是在材料沿单一方向连续增加负荷以恒定速率伸长时取得的。
对于各个试样的薄膜-非织造物层压件材料,用3英寸(76mm)宽的精密切刀切下了三个样品,每个宽3英寸(76mm)和长6英寸(152mm),以长向平行于试验和加力方向。按各样品的全宽置于恒速延伸试验机9例如明尼苏达州,Eden Prairie MTS系统公司制造的Sintech System 2计算机集成的试验系统)中。各样品的长度方向或纵向设定成尽可能平行于加力方向。对样品施加连续负荷,十字头速率设定为300毫米/分,直到样品断裂。测量出各个样品刚好断裂前的峰值负荷和峰值应变,记录了它们的平均值。
水蒸汽透过率
试样材料的水蒸汽透过率(WVTR)是根据ASTM标准E96-80计算的。从各个试验材料和对比试验材料(片状的CELGARD2500膜料,购自Hoechst Celanese Corporation of Sommerville,新泽西州)切下了直径为3英寸的圆形试样。此CELGARD2500膜料是微孔型聚丙烯膜。对每种材料准备三个试样。试验器是NO.60-1Vapometer盘,购自Thwing-Albert Instrument Company of Philadelphia宾夕法尼亚州。将100毫升(ml)的蒸馏水注入各个Vapometer盘中,并将此试验材料和对比材料的各个试样放到各个盘的敞开顶端。上紧拧上式凸缘,沿各盘的边缘形成密封(不用密封油膏),留下有关的试验材料或对比材料暴露于具有暴露面积约33.17cm2的6.5cm直径圆面上的环境气环中。将这些盘称重,然后置于强制通风的设定于37℃的烘箱内。这种烘箱是恒温的,有外部空气循环通过它们防内聚水蒸汽。适用的强制通风烘箱例如是Blue M Power-O-Matic 60烘箱,购自BlueM Electric Company of Blue Island,伊里诺斯州。经24小时后,将盘从烘箱中取出,再次称重。此初步试验的水蒸汽透过率(WVTR)值计算如下:
试验WXTR=(24小时克重损耗)×315.5克/米2/24小时对烘箱内的相对湿度未作特别控制。
在设定的状态100°F(32℃)和环境相对湿度下,测定了CELGARD(R)2500膜料的WVTR为5000g/m2/24hrs。于是,使对比试样从事各次试验,同时用下述方法将预试验值校准到设定状态:
WVTR=(试验WVTR/对比WVTR)×5000g/m2/24hrs
g/m2/24hrs
水压试验
水压试验是在低水压下测量非织造材料对水渗透的抵抗性。试验方法依据Method 5514-Federal Test Methods Standard NO.1914,AA7CC Test Method 127-89和INDA Test Method 80.4-92。
在Textest FX-300静压头试验机(可均自Schmid Corp,有营业部在Sprtauburg,南卡罗来纳州)的静压头中充以纯净水。此纯净水保持于65°F至85°F(18.3℃至29.4℃)的温度之间,这在进行试验的标准环境状态(约73°F(23℃)和约30℃相对湿度)的范围之内。将8英寸×8英寸(20.3cm×20.3cm的方形试样的薄膜-非织造物层压件材料,使其中的非织造层取与水面积相对的方向,放置成使此试验庆中的储水器完全盖上。将此试样置于标准的水压下,以恒定的压力上升率提高压力,直到于试样料的外表面上观察到漏泄。在试样的三个不同区域,在出现漏泄的最早迹象时,测量水压作为此静压头高度。对各试样的薄膜-非织物层压材料的3个样品重复这项试验。对各个样品取得静压头高进行平均并按厘米单位记录。较高的值表明对水的渗透有较大的阻力。
剥离强度
为了测试薄膜层和非织造织物之间的粘合强度,进行了分层或剥离强度试验。切割下尺寸为102mm×152mm的薄膜-非织造物层压件材料。在与此粘合剂非织造层的薄膜面相反的薄膜层的表面上放上一个102mm×152mm的屏蔽带来支承此薄膜。将薄膜和非织造层在一端用手分开约55mm的距离,构成放置到Sintech Sytem 2计算机集成试验系统(明尼苏达州,Eden Prairie MTS系统公司制)的上、下颚中。此薄膜层的自由端固定于移动的上颚中,而非织造层的自由端则安装于固定的下颚中。颚隙设定为100mm的开度,有足够的层压件料保留在层压状态可使颚有65mm的行程。试样置于颚中使其在上下颚展开10mm之前开始分层。十字头速率设定为300毫米/分,然后记录下在10mm始点和65mm终点之间的数据。记录下作为粘合剂强度的使薄膜与非织造层分层时以克表示的平均剥离强度,以此表示将这两层分开时所需的以克表示的剥离强度或负荷。也以最大、最小和平均值测量了标准指数。
杯件压碎试验
杯件压碎试验是由等速伸长的张力试验机,则峰值负荷和能量单位来测量材料的柔软度。此峰值负荷值越低,材料越柔软。
试验是在温度约73°F、相对湿对约50%和受控环境下进行。试样是用Sintech系统2计算机集成试验系统(可购自Smtech Corp)在北卡罗来纳州的Cary有营业部),压坏试验台则可购自威斯康星州Neenah的Kimberly-Clark Corporation Guality AssaranceDepartment,此试验包括型号11的支柱、型号31的钢环、基板、型号41的杯件组以及校正装置。
钢环放在成形筒上,9英寸×9英寸(22.9cm×22.9cm)的试样定中于此成形筒上。将成形杯件滑过此成形简直到试样完全绕此钢环夹紧于此成形筒和钢环之间。把成形杯件放置到负荷盒的基板上的顶部上并牢靠在坐定于此基板上。在十字头速率设定为400毫米/分下,将支柱用机械方法下降到成形杯件内,在挤压此试样的同时由等速拉长张力试验机测量压碎此试样所需的峰值负荷(以克计)和能量(以克-毫米计)。根据各个试样薄膜-非织造物层压件材料对于三个样品求得的峰值负荷和能量的平均值将列述于后。
梯形带撕裂强度
梯形带撕裂试验通过平行于试验材料的长度方向(长尺寸方向)施加恒定增加的负荷来测量织物或有关材料的撕裂强度。此试验主要是在拉力负荷下直接测量各个纤维的粘合或咬合强度。测量为完全撕裂开试验样品所需的力,这样的力值越高,说明撕裂开的阻力越大,因而所测试的材料也越强。
从所试验的各个试样材料上切下六个3英寸×6英寸(76mm×152mm)的试验样品,三个样品以其较长尺寸沿CD取向,另三个样品以其长尺寸沿MD取向。将平行边的尺寸各为4英寸和1英寸的梯形金属型板分别放置到各个样品上,使它们的两平行边取样品的长向。用标记笔于样品上划出此梯形的轮廓。从此样品的横向内于梯形的较短一边的中点延伸线上标出5/8英寸(15.9mm)长的切口,对样品进行撕裂。
将此样品沿其不平行两边的全宽置于等速拉长试验机(如Sintech系统2计算机集成试验系统,明尼苏达州Eden Prairie的MTS Systems Corp)的夹件中。对样品的切割集中在两个夹件之间。对样品施加连续负荷,十字头通常设定为12英寸/分,使切口横切样口宽度延展。为完全撕裂开样品所需的力以磅(力)记录下并换算为克(力)。试裂负荷和为所记录的第一和最高峰值的平均值计算的,这与ASTM标准试验D1117-14中将最低与最高峰值平均的情形相似。在所有其它方面,这一梯形撕裂试验与ASTM标准试验D1117-14的技术要求相同。
粘合剂粘合面积试验/最大间距试验
粘合剂粘合面积试验测量涂布有粘合剂区图案的薄膜层的表面这部分的单位面积。在不同距试验测量薄膜的拉伸方向粘合剂区域之间的最大自由路程尺寸。
由各个试验的试料上切割下四到六个5~6平方英寸(32~39平方厘米)的样品。各个样品置于一小的容器中,同时将此样品置于液体容积约1加仑(3.785×10-3m3)玻璃水提取器中经16小时以四氧化锇(O3O4)蒸汽染色。所用四氧化锇购自Ted Pella,Inc.of Reddily,加州。四氧化锇不溶于水。
将此染色的层压件用手撕开,将染色的粘合剂留于各叠层压件的薄膜层表面上。四氧化锇使粘合剂去粘与交联(增强),有助于薄膜层和非织造层的分层。
此染色的粘合剂用购自Leica of Deerfield(伊里诺斯州)的Wild M420宏观仪器,由FOSTEC纤维光学装置的环形照明点于反射光下成像。通过购自Dage MTE(密执安市,印第安纳州)的CCD-72型单色摄像器系统将所得图象直接导入Princeton Gamma Tech(Princeton,新泽西州)的Imagist系统。此摄像机用手工控制,使得能通过自动增益控制补偿而无图象密度波动。图像用PricetonGamma Tech的图像分析软件进行了阈值确定、二元化和分析。最终形成的图像由Hewlett Packard Paintjet打印机打印出。对于薄膜-非织造物层压件材料例1-5,沿拉伸方向在粘合剂区之间的百分粘合面积的平均值和最大间距列述于后。
示例
下面列出了共5个试样的粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件。这些层压件设计用来说明本发明的特殊实施例,同时用来说明实施本发明的一种常规技术。
例l
制备一本发明的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造物层压件。其中的薄膜层在其重量的百分总重基础上含有:50%的DowlexNG3347A线型低密度聚乙烯,它具有熔体指数2.3/克/10分,190℃)和密度0.917克/厘米3(g/cc);以及5%的DOW分支低密度聚乙烯,它具有熔体指数2.0(克/10分钟,190℃)和密度2.922g/cc。这些聚乙烯聚合物的混合物具有熔体指数1.85/克/10分钟,190℃)和密度1.452g/cc。Dowlex和Dow聚合物购自密执安州Midland的DowChemical U.S.A.。上述薄膜层按其总重计还含有45%的以1%硬脂酸涂层的英-中SupercoatTM碳酸钙(CaCO3)。它具有1微米的平均粒度和7微米的顶部切口。这种碳酸钙来自ECC国际公司分部的ECCACalcium Products,Inc于Sylacauga,阿拉巴马州。将此薄膜料在熔化温度333°F(168℃)下吹成单层膜以形成初始时未拉伸厚度约1.5mils(约合54gsm)的薄膜,用机器方向取向(MDD)的装置,(型号为7200,购自Marshall & Williams of Providence,罗德岛),于线速度500英尺/分(152米/分)下,将此加热到约160°F(71℃)的温度的膜拉薄其原始长度的4.0倍至有效厚度0.46mil(约18gsm)。将薄膜于温度215°F(130℃)下退火。下面表1列出的WVTR数据说明此薄膜是可透气的。
非织造层是约0.6osy(约20gsm)的纺粘织物,由丙烯与乙烯单体的无规则共聚物的可挤压的热塑树脂形成,其中按重量百分数含有3.3%的乙烯单体和96.7%的丙烯单体(购自Shell Oil Company,有营业部在Houston,得克萨斯州,产品牌号6D4)。所用的纺粘丝基本上是连续的,平均纤维度为2.2dpf。这种纺粘织物用离散的粘合点图案用加热进行了预粘合,此织物每单位面积上有约15%百分粘合区。
用无规则聚丙烯的丁烯共聚物粘合剂(购自Rexene Corp,ofDallas,得克萨斯州。产品牌号Rextac RT 2730)。这种粘合剂以无规则分散的熔喷粘合剂纤维的形式涂布到上述薄膜层上,所用的常规熔喷设备基本上如美国专利NO.4720252所述,其中所公开的内容已综合于此作为参考。此粘合剂加热到约350°F(177℃),在空气温度约430°F(221℃)、空气压力约20pisg(1.41kg/cm2)、成形高度约3.0英寸(76.2mm)和线速度约300英尺/分下涂布到薄膜上。此载有粘合剂的薄膜层和非织造层通过一对由反向转动的光滑辊形成的辊隙而结合到一起。粘合剂涂布到薄膜层上的地点同载有粘合剂薄膜层和非织造层结合到一起的结合辊隙处之间的距离约13英寸(33.0cm)。粘合剂的加入量约1.5gsm,在此薄膜层的拉伸方向的粘合剂区的最大间距约0.5英寸(12.7mm)。平均百分粘合面积约18%。成品薄膜-非织造物层压件的基重为1.22osy(约40.8gsm)。
例2
制备一本发明的粘合增强薄膜非织造物层压件。薄膜层按其总重的百分数计,含有45%的DowlexNG3347A线型低密度聚乙烯和55%的英-中SupercoatTM碳酸钙(CaCO3),这两者都已详述于上面的例1中在熔融温度360°F(182℃)下铸成单层膜,形成未拉伸时初始厚度约1.5mil(约54gsm)的膜。使用例中所述的MDO装置,在线速度500英尺/分(152米/分)将此加热到约160°F(71℃)温度的薄膜拉伸减薄到原始长度的4.7倍,达到一有效厚度约0.46mil(约18gsm)。此薄膜在约200°F(93℃)的温度下退火。如后面表1中列出的WVTR数据表明,此薄膜是可透气的。
非织造层与上述例1中所述的相同。
此薄膜层的非织造层用有色的嵌段共聚物压敏粘合剂(可购自National Starch and Chemical Corp,在新泽西州的Bridgewater有营业部,产品牌号为DispomeltNS34-5610。)粘合剂在其涂布到薄膜层上时首先是以图4所示的云彩图案印到适当的脱模纸上,然后再将其印到薄膜层表面上,这里采用常规的筛网印刷和转印方法。粘合剂是以约25~50英尺/分(7.6~15.2米/分)的线速度转印到薄膜层上。此载有粘合剂的薄膜层和非织造层通过由反向转动的光滑辊形成的辊结合到一起。粘合剂加入量为约9.0gsm,在此薄膜层拉伸方向上粘合剂区的最大间距约1.0英寸(25.4mm)。平均百分粘合面积为约12%。成品薄膜-非织造物层压件的厚度约47.0gsm。
例3
制备了本发明的粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件。此薄膜层和非织造物层都有与例2中所述的相同。
用同于例2中的粘合剂将此薄膜层和非织造层层压到一起。此粘合剂在涂布到薄膜层上时是首先以图3所示的肋条形图案印到合适的脱模纸上,然后将其转印到薄膜层表面上,如上面例2所述。此粘合剂是以线速度约25~50英尺/分(7.6~15.2米/分)涂布到脱模纸上,然后以线速度300英尺/分(191米/分)转印到薄膜层上。此载有粘合剂的薄膜层和非织造层通过由反向转动的光滑辊形成的辊隙结合到一起。粘合剂的加入量为约17.0gsm而粘合剂区沿薄膜层的拉伸方向上的最大间距为约0.25英寸(6.35mm)。平均百分粘合面积为约22%。成品薄膜-非织造物层压件的基重为约56.3gsm。
例4
制备一本发明的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造物层压件。薄膜层与例2中所述的相同。非织造层是约0.5osy(约17gsm)的纺粘织物,由可挤压的热塑聚丙烯纤维形成,后者购自Exxon Corp,它在得克萨斯州的Houston有营业部,产品牌号3445。这种纺粘纤维本质上是连续的,平均纤度为2.2dpf。此纺粘织物用离散粘合点的图案经加热预结合,百分粘合面积约为织物每单位面积15%。
此薄膜层和非织造层用18%的醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯的粘合剂(可购自E.I.Dupont de Nemours of Wilmington,德拉威州,商品牌号Elvax 410)层压到一起。粘合剂是直接以图3所示的助条形图案筛网印制到薄膜层上。粘合剂是以线速度约25~50英尺/分(7.6~15.2米/分)。此载有粘合剂的薄膜层和非织造层通过由反向转动的一对光滑辊形成的辊隙结合到一起。粘合剂涂布到薄膜层上的地点同载有粘合剂薄膜层和非织造层结合到一起的结合辊隙之间的距离约为23英寸(58.4cm)。粘合剂加入量为约1.0至2.0gsm英寸(6.53cm)。平均百分粘合面积为约22%。成品薄膜-非织造物层压件的基重为约37.3gsm。
例5
制备一本发明的粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件。这里所用的薄膜层和非织造层与例2中所用的相同,只是粘合剂是无色的。
粘合剂是有所购自Nordson Corp(在乔治亚州的Norcross有营业部)的,产品牌号为Metered Control CoatTM Applicator的ControlCoatTM喷涂粘合剂加热到约350°F(177℃),在空气温度约380°F(193℃)、空气压力约80psig(5.63kg/cm2)、成形高度约1.0英寸(25.4mm)和线速率约400英尺/分(120米/分)下涂布到薄膜层上。此载有粘合剂的薄膜层和非织造层通过由一对反向转动的光滑辊形成的辊隙结合到一起。粘合剂涂布到薄膜层上的地点同载有粘薄膜层和非织造层结合到一起的结合辊隙之间的距离为约23英寸(58.4cm)。粘合剂加入量为约2.0gsm,粘合剂区在薄膜层的拉伸方向上的最大间距为约0.1英寸(2.54mm),平均百分粘合面积为约15%。成品薄膜-非织造物层压件的基重为约42.4gsm。
表1例 MD抗张强 MD百分延 CD抗张 CD百分延 WVTR 水压头
度(g) 伸率 强度 伸率 (g/m2/24 (cm
在断裂时 (g) 在断裂时 hours) )
(%) (%)1 8260 75 4120 75 890 1702 8928 58 3371 84 3563 1403 9836 75 4101 93 2892 1594 8118 47 4603 43 1805 10893 83 3873 82 3876 177
表2例 剥离强度 杯件压碎 杯件压碎 MD带撕裂 CD带撕裂
(g) 能量 负荷 强度 强度
(g/mm) (g) (g) (g)1 560 1649 84 3677 16622 1328 987 57 2815 14403 NA* 1255 66 3985 15804 130 1117 58 2137 9955 254 1465 74 3285 1768
*NA指薄膜层和非织造层不能用手分离
出于比较目的,更确切地说,为了查清粘合增强对包括在本发明的薄膜-非织造物层压件中的薄膜层的强度与耐用性影响,在此集中了例1-5中所述薄膜层的数据,同时也收集了市售吸湿制品中薄膜-非织造物层压件中薄膜层的下列数据。
比较示例
比较例1
薄膜层与例1中所述的相同,未涂布粘合剂区。
比较例2
薄膜层与例1中所述的相同,涂布有同于例1中的粘合剂类型和图案。
比较例3
薄膜层与例2中所述的相同,未涂布粘合剂区。
比较例4
薄膜层与例2中所述的相同,涂布有同于例2中的粘合剂类型和图案。
比较例5
薄膜层与例3中所述的相同,涂布有同于例3中的粘合剂类型和图案。
比较例6
薄膜层与例5中所述的相同,具有与例5中所述相同的粘合剂类型和图案。
比较例7
从Kimberly-Clark Corporation(本发明的受让人)以产品牌号HuggiesUltratrim一次性尿布出售的薄膜-非织造物层压件片中获得了这种不透气膜层。此膜层上未涂布粘合剂。这一薄膜层的有效厚度为约0.41mil。
表Ⅲ比较例 MD抗张 MD百分延 CD抗张 CD百分延 WVTR
强度 伸率 强度 伸率 (g/m2/24hours)
(g) 在断裂时 (g) 在断裂时
(%) (%)l 4850 150 830 500 12402 6300 162 870 5503 8444 135 698 265 38004 6212 101 525 323 34715 6800 114 669 427 38276 5448 96 585 517 36317 2500 180 840 450 70
比较例1-6中的数据清楚表明,涂布这里所述的粘合剂区仅仅对薄膜层的强度与韧性或耐用性有影响。特别是在横截机器方向上,单轴的机器取向的薄膜沿此方向通常不具有良好的韧性或耐用性,在原始的薄膜和在其上涂有粘合剂区两种情形之间,断裂时的百分延伸率的增加表明这种粘合剂区具有增强功能。
最后,比较例7中的数据说明,加入到本发明的薄膜-非织造物层压件中的这种粘合增强薄膜层,在强度与韧性方面至少可与市售的薄膜层相匹配。
应知根据本发明构造的粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件,是可以由内行的人改动和调整来适合实际应用中各种程度上的性能要求。因此,尽管本发明业已对照某些具体实施形式和例子作了描述,但应认识到本发明还能有进一步的改进。于是,本申请是用来概括本发明的在其普通原理下的各种变化、用途或修正形式的,同时用来包括偏离这里所公开技术的内容,只要这些内容是在本发明所涉技术的已知或通常知识之内和属于后附权利要求书的范围内的。
Claims (22)
1.一种粘合增强的薄膜-非织造物层压件,此层压件包括:
具有表面的一第一纤维质非织造层;
具有一第一表面的薄膜层;
所述薄膜层是依拉伸的方向取向并具有有效厚度等于或小于0.6mil;
所述薄膜层由混和物形成,此混合物以此薄膜层总重为基础的重量百分数计,包括约30~约70%的一第一聚烯烃聚合物、约70%~约30%的填料和约0%~约20%的一第二聚烯烃聚合物;
所述薄膜层具有的水蒸汽透过率至少为约300克/米2/24小时;
涂布于所述薄膜层的所述第一表面上的粘合剂区图案;
所述粘合剂区图案具有从约0.1~约20gsm的加入量,所述薄膜层的所述表面每单位面积的从约5%~约50%的百分粘合面积、以及约等于或小于1.0英寸的沿大致平行所述拉伸方向中的粘合剂区之间的最大间距;
所述纤维质非织造层的所述表面则是由涂布到所述薄膜层表面上的该粘合剂区图案粘合到所述薄膜层的所述表面上,由此而形成层压件的。
2.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述层压件具有的横截机器方向的抗张强度至少为3000克。
3.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述层压件的横截机器方向的伸长率在断裂时至少为35%。
4.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述层压件的水蒸汽透过率至少约1000克/米2/24小时。
5.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述层压件的剥离强度至少为100克。
6.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述层压件具有的杯件压碎负荷小于100克。
7.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述层压件具有的横截机器方向的撕裂强度至少是950克。
8.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,在大致平行于所述拉伸的方向中所述粘合剂区之间的最大间距约等于或小于0.25英寸。
9.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,在大致平行于所述拉伸的方向中所述粘合剂区之间的最大间距等于或小于0.125英寸。
10.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述粘合剂加入量从约0.25至约5.0gsm。
11.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述粘合剂加入量从约0.5至约5.0gsm。
12.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述百分粘合面积从约5%至约35%。
13.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述第一纤维非织造层包括层压材料。
14.如权利要求13所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述第一纤维非织造层包括纺粘-熔喷-纺粘层压材料。
15.如权利要求13所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述第一纤维非织造层包括纺粘-熔喷层压材料。
16.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,此层压件还包括具有表面的一第二纤维质非织造层,而所述第二纤维非织造层则粘合到所述薄膜层的与所述第一纤维非织造层相对的第二表面上。
17.如权利要求1所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述第一聚烯烃聚合物包括主要是线型的聚烯烃聚合物。
18.如权利要求17所述的粘合增强的薄膜-非织造层压件,其中,所述主要是线型的聚烯烃聚合物包括线型低密度聚乙烯。
19.一种吸湿制品,它包括衬里、背片、设置在所述衬里与所述背片之间的吸湿芯,而所述背片则包括权利要求1中所述的粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件。
20.一种包括权利要求1中所述的粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件的衣着制品。
21.一种包括权利要求1中所述的粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件的外科用窗帘。
22.一种包括权利要求1中所述的粘合增强薄膜-非织造物层压件的灭菌外套。
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US60/021733 | 1996-07-15 | ||
US08/882715 | 1997-06-25 | ||
US08/882,715 US5843057A (en) | 1996-07-15 | 1997-06-25 | Film-nonwoven laminate containing an adhesively-reinforced stretch-thinned film |
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- 1997-06-25 US US08/882,715 patent/US5843057A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 CA CA002260794A patent/CA2260794C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 WO PCT/US1997/012534 patent/WO1998002610A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-07-09 TR TR1999/00093T patent/TR199900093T2/xx unknown
- 1997-07-09 EP EP97933540A patent/EP0912788B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 AU AU36702/97A patent/AU724303B2/en not_active Expired
- 1997-07-09 JP JP50631098A patent/JP2002515835A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-07-09 DE DE1997618473 patent/DE69718473T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 CN CN97197942A patent/CN1097118C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-07-09 PL PL97331257A patent/PL186306B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-09 KR KR10-1999-7000302A patent/KR100488382B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-09 BR BR9710458A patent/BR9710458A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-07-14 PE PE00062097A patent/PE96298A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-07-14 AR ARP970103139 patent/AR007878A1/es active IP Right Grant
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101766516A (zh) * | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-07 | 大明化学株式会社 | 积层织物结构及其制造方法 |
CN101766516B (zh) * | 2008-12-31 | 2013-07-03 | 大明化学株式会社 | 积层织物结构及其制造方法 |
CN102029737A (zh) * | 2009-08-21 | 2011-04-27 | 黛安芬国际贸易有限公司 | 用于衣服特别是内衣的材料毛坯 |
CN107361427A (zh) * | 2017-08-10 | 2017-11-21 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | 防雾霾海绵口罩 |
CN109602541A (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-12 | 强生消费者公司 | 可延展的敷料 |
CN109602541B (zh) * | 2017-09-29 | 2022-05-03 | 强生消费者公司 | 可延展的敷料 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PL331257A1 (en) | 1999-07-05 |
KR100488382B1 (ko) | 2005-05-11 |
BR9710458A (pt) | 1999-08-17 |
WO1998002610A1 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
KR20000023816A (ko) | 2000-04-25 |
CN1097118C (zh) | 2002-12-25 |
EP0912788B1 (en) | 2003-01-15 |
AU724303B2 (en) | 2000-09-14 |
DE69718473T2 (de) | 2003-11-06 |
US5843057A (en) | 1998-12-01 |
CA2260794C (en) | 2006-11-07 |
JP2002515835A (ja) | 2002-05-28 |
PL186306B1 (pl) | 2003-12-31 |
DE69718473T3 (de) | 2012-05-03 |
DE69718473D1 (de) | 2003-02-20 |
EP0912788B2 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
AR007878A1 (es) | 1999-11-24 |
EP0912788A1 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
AU3670297A (en) | 1998-02-09 |
PE96298A1 (es) | 1999-01-11 |
TR199900093T2 (xx) | 1999-04-21 |
CA2260794A1 (en) | 1998-01-22 |
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