CN1220057C - 用于生物学细胞的鉴定和计数的方法及其试剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及鉴定和计数样品中生物学细胞的试剂和方法。这种试剂包含一种选自于至少一种浓度足以使样品中给定类型细胞发生特异性裂解的去垢剂和一种能标记剩余未裂解细胞内核酸的染料。申请优选利用基于流式细胞计数器的自动分析系统来鉴定和计数细胞。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物学分析,尤其是血液分析。
本发明更具体地涉及样品中,特别是对血样中生物学细胞进行鉴定和计数的方法和试剂。
生物学样品可以是人或动物的血样,或是其它生物学流体或生物学制剂。
背景技术
在生物学分析领域,人们早就已经意识到在进行诊断时鉴定和精确计数不同细胞群的重要性。实际上,血液正常细胞群中出现平衡比率异常的现象与某些医学状况的出现有关,例如免疫反应,炎症反应等。相似地,异常细胞群的出现也可能与其它状况如白血病的发生有关。
传统的细胞学分析方法有许多,包括染色后通过显微镜检查,必要的话经过沉淀或聚合。血液细胞的自动化检测开始于20世纪六十年代对正常白细胞群的分离,参见下列文献:(1)Hallerman L,Thom R.,Gerhartz H.:“通过染有吖啶橙的间隔荧光素对粒细胞和淋巴细胞进行电子显微镜差异计数”,VerhDeutsch Ges Inn Med 70:217,1964。
可以利用各种原理包括细胞的光学和化学特性的流式细胞计数法来分离白细胞。现在已经建立起来几种自动血液学分析方法,其中采用了各种技术,如利用Coulter原理测定体积,通过测量光的衍射来估计尺寸、测量90度光的散射来鉴定细胞的内部结构,及通过荧光素或对不同染料的吸收测定得出细胞之间的亲合力。参见下列参考文献2-5:
(2)Adams L.R.,Kamensky L.A.,“六种人类白细胞荧光测定法描述”,ActaCytol 18:389,1974;
(3)Shapiro H.M.等人,“结合血液细胞计数和荧光染色和流式仪器的分类”,J.Histochem Cytochem 24:396-411,1976;
(4)Terstappen L.W.等人,“多维流式细胞计数红细胞没有裂解的血液中的细胞差异”,血细胞17:585-602,1991;
(5)Terstappen L.W.,Levin J.,“通过多维流式细胞计数获得骨髓细胞差异数”,血细胞18(2):311-30,1992。
科学家们一直对处于细胞周期早期的细胞特征感兴趣,在很长一段时间内,细胞中RNA的含量一直作为周期中一个有代表性的参数,见上述参考文献2-5及下列参考资料6-7:
(6)Traganos F.,Darzynkiewicz Z.,Sharpless T.,Melamed M.R.,“在一个流式细胞荧光测定系统中采用吖啶橙对不固定细胞中的核糖核酸和脱氧核糖核酸进行同时染色”,组织化学和细胞化学杂志25:46,1977;
(7)Pollack A.等人,“采用焦宁Y和甲基绿对不同细胞群中RNA的量进行流式细胞计数分析”,细胞计数,Vol.3,no 1,28-35,1982。
在法国专利9701090(1997年1月31日)中还公开了用于这种类型分析的一种组合物,和更具体的一种染色剂。
为了实现这些技术的自动化操作,必需解决的首要问题是减少处理的次数和制备样品的费用,这可以通过各种途径来解决,其中通过减少通道数使得任何时候只有一个细胞处于研究状态是最显而易见的方法。这种类型的技术先前已由Leon W.Terstappen(见参考文献4)描述过,但是这需要较长的处理和分析时间,尤其在对有核细胞进行精确计数时,因为有核细胞的数量往往比红血球低近一千倍。
为了克服该困难,常常把生物学样品分成至少两个等分试验部分,一部分制备成一定的浓度用来研究红血球和血小板,另一部分制备成较高浓度用于研究有核细胞。
这些现有技术有着各种缺点。
在分析前,这些等分试样部分的处理常包括对红血球的特异性破坏,从而可以方便地测定剩余的细胞。虽然这种方法可以很快地获得测定结果,但这个优点被为了获得理想样品而进行的如反应、转移和染色所耗费的时间给抵消了。
试剂溶液中细胞悬液的培养时间与活性成分穿透细胞内部所需时间特别相关。在上文提到的法国专利号9701090中,申请人已经描述加速其穿透的方式,涉及使用添加剂,特别是ionophore类型添加剂以有助于细胞穿透。
处理时间是等分试验部分必须经历的连续阶段数的函数。细胞的裂解和染色经常处于两个连续的阶段,以这种或那种顺序(见美国专利6004816)。
这两个稀释过程需要耗用更多的物质及较长的最少处理时间。
发明内容
因此本发明的一个目的是提供一种能避免上述缺点、用于鉴定和计数生物学细胞的试剂。
本发明的一个目的是优选提供能使某些细胞尤其是红血球裂解的,能固定有核细胞和同时进行胞内染色的这样一种试剂。
本发明的目的还提供了使这些操作能在一个便利的短时间内进行的试剂,从而可以最大程度减少费用、分析时间和试剂的使用量。
因此本发明提供了用于鉴定和计数样品中生物学细胞的试剂,所述试剂包括:
-一种选自至少一种浓度足以特异性裂解样品中一种给定类型细胞的去垢剂的细胞裂解剂,和
-一种可以使剩下没有裂解的细胞内核酸标记的染料。
因此本发明提供了对生物学样品同时进行裂解和染色的试剂,这样可以通过如一种流式细胞计数系统来分析一个阶段获得的细胞溶液,从而将经过处理的细胞进行分类和计数。
因此本发明提供的试剂将法国专利FR9701090中描述的一种试剂溶液与一种能使样品中特定类型细胞特异性裂解的细胞裂解剂结合,特定类型细胞优选为红血球。
在法国专利FR9701090中描述的染色剂溶液能促进膜的渗透,随后有利于样品中生物学细胞的染色。选择是在红血球裂解前还是裂解后使用这种染色溶液取决于研究的细胞类型。保留染色溶液中试剂原本的作用,并将它掺入在裂解液中,这样可以破坏样品中的红血球,并在计数前将剩余细胞染上色。
细胞裂解剂优选包括至少一种具有能使红血球裂解的特定浓度的离子和/或非离子去垢剂。
本发明采用的去垢剂优选自下列化合物:
-一级胺,醋酸胺和氯化铵,四铵盐,和三甲乙基溴化铵;
-取代二胺的酰胺,二乙醇氨基丙基胺或二乙基氨基丙基酰胺,环二亚乙基三胺的酰胺;
-烷基芳基磺酸盐,石油磺酸盐,磺酸甘油酯;
-乙醇酰胺,磺基三甲铵乙内酯;
-烷基糖苷,皂苷;
-聚氧化乙烯醚和脱水山梨醇,聚乙二醇醚。
在一个实施方案中,这种去垢剂包括浓度为0.05%(w/v)的Triton X100和浓度为0.0001%(v/v)的吐温20的混合物。
说明书中所述的“w/v”指“重量/体积”,“v/v”指“体积/体积”。
使用的染料优选为荧光型的。
优选的一种染料能特异性地与细胞内核糖核酸结合,一旦它们结合能增强染料的荧光。
本发明的染料具体可选自下列染料:
-噻唑橙或1-甲基-4-[(3-甲基-2-(3H)-苯并噻唑亚基)甲基]喹啉P-甲苯磺盐;
-噻唑蓝;
-4-[(3-甲基-2-(3H)-苯并噻唑基亚基)甲基]-1-[3-(三甲铵)丙基]喹啉二碘化物;
-3,3’-二甲基氧杂羰花青碘化物或3’-甲基-2-2[3-(3-甲基-2(3H)-苯并噻唑亚基)-1-丙基]苯并噁唑碘化物;
-硫黄素T;
-染料SYTO和TOTO(TM分子探针);
-溴化3,8-二氨基-5-乙基-6-苯基菲啶鎓;
-propidium碘物
-吖啶橙;
-coriphosphine O;
-金胺O;
-染料HOECHST 33258和HOECHST 33342;
-4’,6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐(DAPI);
-4’,6-(二咪唑啉-2-基)-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐(DIPI);
-7-氨基放射菌素D;
-放射菌素D,和
-LDS 751。
本发明的一个优选实施方案中,试剂还包含至少一种膜渗透剂,这种膜渗透剂能促进染料渗透进标记的细胞。
促进膜渗透的试剂是一种有利的负荷质子的离子载体(ionophore)和/或抗生素类型化合物。
这种试剂通常浓度小于0.005%(w/v),可以使用的抗生素的例子是纈氨霉素。
如果试剂中还含有至少一种浓度为0.1%-10%(w/v)的膜固定剂的话是有利的。固定剂优选包含至少一种乙醇和/或一种醛,优选如低聚甲醛或戊二醛可用于该目的。
在本发明的范围内,试剂包含其它添加剂或成分也是可能的,因此试剂也可以包含至少一种选自复合剂、无机盐和缓冲液体系的化合物。
本发明的另一个方面涉及鉴定和计数样品尤其是血样中生物学细胞的方法,该方法包括以下的操作步骤:
-将样品和上述的一种试剂混合、温育,从而在单一步中实现特定类型细胞特别是红血球发生裂解、胞内核酸染上色和有核细胞能够固定;
-用流式细胞计数方法测定上述反应后的溶液,其中采用至少两个测定参数,如抵抗力、轴的发光衍射,轴的发光反射、直角的发光导入和荧光性;和
-根据测定的参数对群体中的有核细胞进行分类和计数。
在流式细胞计数中,轴的发光衍射参数是一个至少选自于小角度衍射和大角度衍射的的参数。
这种测定可以依靠一个流式细胞计数器进行,这种仪器具有一些常规参数,如轴发光衍射或“FSC”(向前发散),直角散射或“SSC”(边际发散),或者直角荧光性(FL1),轴的荧光性或Epi-荧光性,所有偏震或去极,还包括附加测定参数如法国专利FR8914120(1989年10月27日)中提及的发射光测定或抗量等。
抵抗力可以下列方式测定:通过持续的电流来测定,从而显示出元素的量;和/或采用脉冲或交替电流来测定,得出接近于估测结构的内部密度差异。
这些参数可以用于获得每一个被分析细胞的多组复合参数数据,这样就能对这些细胞进行分类。如果采用了更多相关的定义细胞的参数,那么分类将会更精确。这种复合参数的研究已经被描述过(参见上述参考文献4和5)。
在本发明的范围内,用于分类的有核细胞可以是成熟或未成熟细胞,或者是正常或异常细胞。
可以用已知的方法进行有核细胞的分类,分类可以利用一种多维分析软件程序,可以同时使用或不使用一种软件或其它神经元技术。
在本发明的范围内,生物学样品可以是人或动物的血样,或一种生物学流体样品,或人或动物来源的细胞悬浮液。
在特定温度条件下,将这种样品与试剂溶液混合。反应动力学表明首先是红血球遭到破坏,接着染料的渗透与细胞的固定平行发生,这个过程比较缓慢。发明将通过下面的实施例进行具体描述:
实施例
在这个实施例的范围内,使用的一种试剂包含以下成分:
复合剂 EDTA 0.02% (w/v)
无机盐 NaCL 0.85% (w/v)
缓冲液体系 磷酸盐 0.5% (w/v)
去垢剂 Triton X100 0.05% (w/v)
吐温20 0.0001% (v/v)
离子载体 纈氨霉素 0.003% (w/v)
染料 噻唑橙 0.005% (w/v)
醛 低聚甲醛 1% (w/v)
一个全血的一个样品与上述试剂溶液混合,保温几秒后(典型的为15-30秒),通过一种流式细胞计数器系统进行分析,其中至少分析以下的参数:能提供尺寸数据的轴的衍射(FSC),能描述观察到的元件结构的直角散射(SSC),和能够测定胞内核酸的直角荧光性(FL1)。
通过多维模式可以观察到获得的结果,从而确定不同群体每个参数间的相互关系。
参见附图1-4,这些图表明了测定一个正常人血样获得的结果。
附图1表明了由轴的衍射(FSC)和直角散射(SSC)两个参数获得的矩阵。可以清楚地看出四个不同的细胞群:L指淋巴细胞,M指单核细胞,N指多核嗜中性细胞,和E指多核嗜曙红细胞。未成熟粒细胞IG群、胚细胞BL群,多核嗜碱细胞B、有核红细胞ErB也均显示出来了,但不能只在两维中被区别出来。
附图2表明了由轴的衍射(FSC)和荧光性(FL1)两个参数形成的矩阵。所显示的四个细胞群与附图1相同,但是排列不同。单核细胞L和M成为了荧光性均值之上的细胞群,而多核细胞N、E和B形成了弱荧光性的一组细胞,有核红细胞ErB群很明显地分开了上述两组细胞形成的顶点。BL和IG群的正常位置被标识。
附图3表明直角散射(SSC)和荧光性(FL1)两个参数形成的矩阵。虽然发现不同途径产生了相同的细胞群,但这样能使BL和IG群分离(一个正常样品中的很少的数量)。
附图4表明了获得的一个具有代表性的三维细胞群。
附图5和8虽然表明了与图1-4分别相同类型的结果,但这些是通过对包含胚细胞(B1)的样品进行本发明所述的处理后获得的结果。
附图9-12虽然表明了与图1-4分别相同类型的结果,但这些是通过对包含未成熟粒细胞(IG)的样品进行本发明所述的处理后获得的结果。
因此本发明的试剂和方法能同时使样品中生物学细胞发生特异性裂解和染色,特别是在一个步骤中测定一个人或动物的血样。
基于流式细胞计数器的一种自动化分析体系可以很快地对细胞进行鉴定和计数。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于鉴定和计数血液样品中的生物学细胞的试剂,其特征在于它包含:
-一种选自于至少一种浓度足以使样品中给定类型细胞发生特异性裂解的去垢剂的细胞裂解剂,和
-一种能标记剩余未裂解细胞内核酸的染料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的试剂,其特征在于细胞裂解剂包含至少一种浓度足够能使红血球裂解的离子和/或非离子去垢剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的试剂,其特征在于去垢剂选自于:
-一级胺,醋酸胺和氯化铵,四铵盐,和三甲乙基溴化铵;
-取代二胺的酰胺,二乙醇氨基丙基胺或二乙基氨基丙基酰胺,环二亚乙基三胺的酰胺;
-烷基芳基磺酸盐,石油磺酸盐,磺酸甘油酯;
-乙醇酰胺,磺基三甲铵乙内酯;
-烷基糖苷,皂苷;
-聚氧化乙烯醚和脱水山梨醇,聚乙二醇醚。
4.根据权利要求1所述的试剂,其特征在于染料是一种荧光型染料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的试剂,其特征在于荧光染料能与胞内核糖核酸特异性结合,一旦结合后这种染料的荧光性将会增强。
6.根据权利要求1所述的试剂,其特征在于染料选自于:
-噻唑橙或1-甲基-4-[(3-甲基-2-(3H)-苯并噻唑亚基)甲基]喹啉P-甲苯磺盐;
-噻唑蓝;
-4-[(3-甲基-2-(3H)-苯并噻唑基亚基)甲基]-1-[3-(三甲铵)丙基]喹啉二碘化物;
-3,3′-二甲基氧杂羰花青碘化物或3′-甲基-2-2[3-(3-甲基-2(3H)-苯并噻唑亚基)-1-丙基]苯并噁唑碘化物;
-硫黄素T;
-染料SYTO和TOTO;
-溴化3,8-二氨基-5-乙基-6-苯基菲啶鎓;
-propidium碘化物
-吖啶橙;
-coriphosphine O;
-金胺O;
-染料HOECHST 33258和HOECHST 33342;
-4′,6-二氨基-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐;
-4′,6-(二咪唑啉-2-基)-2-苯基吲哚二盐酸盐;
-7-氨基放射菌素D;
-放射菌素D,和
-LDS 751。
7.根据权利要求1所述的试剂,其特征在于它还至少包含一种能够促进染料渗透进入被标记的细胞的膜渗透剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的试剂,其特征在于能促进膜渗透的试剂是一种负荷质子的离子载体化合物和/或抗生素类。
9.根据权利要求1所述的试剂,其特征在于它还包含至少一种浓度为0.1%-10%重量/体积的膜固定剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的试剂,其特征在于膜固定剂包含至少一种醇和/或一种选自于低聚甲醛或戊二醛的醛。
11.根据权利要求1所述的试剂,其特征在于它还包含至少一种选自复合剂、无机盐和缓冲液体系的化合物。
12.一种鉴定和计数血液样品中生物学细胞的方法,该方法包括以下的操作步骤:
-将样品与权利要求1-11中任一种试剂混合、温育,从而在单个步骤中使得给定类型细胞尤其是红血球发生裂解、胞内核酸染上色和有核细胞能够固定;
-用流式细胞计数方法测定上述反应后的溶液,其中采用至少两个选自抵抗力、轴的发光衍射,轴的发光反射、直角的发光导入和荧光性的测定参数;和
-根据参数对群体中的有核细胞进行分类和计数。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于抵抗力通过至少一种选自于持续电流和脉冲或交替电流来测定。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的方法,其特征在于轴的发光衍射参数是一个至少选自于小角度衍射和大角度衍射的参数。
15.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于被分类的有核细胞是成熟或未成熟细胞,正常或异常细胞。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于有核细胞的分类是利用了一种多维分析软件程序。
17.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于样品是一种人或动物的血样。
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CN105759029A (zh) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-13 | 天津市宝坻区人民医院 | 麻疹病毒检测试剂盒及使用方法 |
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CN1385701A (zh) | 2002-12-18 |
HU0200626D0 (en) | 2002-04-29 |
AU1566702A (en) | 2002-08-29 |
AU784651B2 (en) | 2006-05-18 |
FI20020355L (fi) | 2002-08-24 |
CA2372608A1 (fr) | 2002-08-23 |
FI20020355A0 (fi) | 2002-02-22 |
JP2008256713A (ja) | 2008-10-23 |
EP1239283B1 (fr) | 2010-12-01 |
HU227098B1 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
EP1239283A1 (fr) | 2002-09-11 |
ES2357524T3 (es) | 2011-04-27 |
KR20020069177A (ko) | 2002-08-29 |
ZA200201300B (en) | 2002-08-27 |
US20070111276A1 (en) | 2007-05-17 |
DE60238455D1 (de) | 2011-01-13 |
ATE490460T1 (de) | 2010-12-15 |
NO20020866L (no) | 2002-08-26 |
US7638290B2 (en) | 2009-12-29 |
FR2821428B1 (fr) | 2004-08-06 |
JP2002277460A (ja) | 2002-09-25 |
BR0200585A (pt) | 2002-11-12 |
FR2821428A1 (fr) | 2002-08-30 |
FI120895B (fi) | 2010-04-15 |
HUP0200626A2 (hu) | 2003-06-28 |
NO329518B1 (no) | 2010-11-01 |
NO20020866D0 (no) | 2002-02-22 |
BRPI0200585B1 (pt) | 2016-05-17 |
BRPI0200585B8 (pt) | 2021-07-27 |
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