CN114601744A - 表面活性剂可溶性去头皮屑剂的递送 - Google Patents
表面活性剂可溶性去头皮屑剂的递送 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114601744A CN114601744A CN202210224653.2A CN202210224653A CN114601744A CN 114601744 A CN114601744 A CN 114601744A CN 202210224653 A CN202210224653 A CN 202210224653A CN 114601744 A CN114601744 A CN 114601744A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- hair care
- care composition
- sulfate
- surfactant
- cationic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 208000001840 Dandruff Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 199
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- -1 undecyl potassium sulfate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 76
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 210000004761 scalp Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- UOWRKHDWHDWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;undecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O UOWRKHDWHDWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical group C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N (2r,3r,4s)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolane-3,4-diol Chemical class OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JNYAEWCLZODPBN-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003976 glyceryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(O[H])([H])C(O[H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000223 polyglycerol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GGOZGYRTNQBSSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine-2,3-diol Chemical group OC1=CC=CN=C1O GGOZGYRTNQBSSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- XZTJQQLJJCXOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;decyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O XZTJQQLJJCXOLP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940043810 zinc pyrithione Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;1-oxidopyridine-2-thione Chemical group [Zn+2].[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S.[O-]N1C=CC=CC1=S PICXIOQBANWBIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N (+)-Neomenthol Chemical group CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@@H]1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UTLUCORTSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N DL-menthol Natural products CC(C)C1CCC(C)CC1O NOOLISFMXDJSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FGUZFFWTBWJBIL-XWVZOOPGSA-N [(1r)-1-[(2s,3r,4s)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyethyl] 16-methylheptadecanoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H](CO)[C@H]1OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FGUZFFWTBWJBIL-XWVZOOPGSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UJNOLBSYLSYIBM-WISYIIOYSA-N [(1r,2s,5r)-5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl] (2r)-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H]1CC[C@@H](C)C[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H](C)O UJNOLBSYLSYIBM-WISYIIOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019329 dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940041616 menthol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- JTXIPOLAHSBNJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;decyl sulfate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O JTXIPOLAHSBNJM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- NTWXWSVUSTYPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,4-bis(2-methylpropoxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(C)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(C)C NTWXWSVUSTYPJH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- WVFDILODTFJAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,4-dihexoxy-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCOC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCCCCCC WVFDILODTFJAPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- UMEWSJNRBXKWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;1,4-dioxo-1,4-dipentoxybutane-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCOC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCCCCC UMEWSJNRBXKWKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HQCFDOOSGDZRII-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;tridecyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O HQCFDOOSGDZRII-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940057429 sorbitan isostearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCO KJIOQYGWTQBHNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 229940057402 undecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims 3
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims 2
- OWEGWHBOCFMBLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one Chemical group C1=CN=CN1C(C(=O)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OWEGWHBOCFMBLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AGNTUZCMJBTHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3-(2,3-dihydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy]propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)COCC(O)CO AGNTUZCMJBTHOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CDOUZKKFHVEKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-bromo-n-[(prop-2-enoylamino)methyl]propanamide Chemical compound BrCCC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C CDOUZKKFHVEKRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UOHGAGIACWTKAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCC)[NH3+].C(CCCCCCCCCC)[NH3+] Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].C(CCCCCCCCCC)[NH3+].C(CCCCCCCCCC)[NH3+] UOHGAGIACWTKAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229960003344 climbazole Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- UQXTZTSQAZTLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-amine;sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCN.CCCCCCCCCCN UQXTZTSQAZTLQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002304 perfume Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229950001046 piroctone Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- BTSZTGGZJQFALU-UHFFFAOYSA-N piroctone olamine Chemical group NCCO.CC(C)(C)CC(C)CC1=CC(C)=CC(=O)N1O BTSZTGGZJQFALU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 89
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 76
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 56
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 32
- OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2r,3s,4r,5s,6r)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-[(2s,3s,4s,5s,6r)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1OC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O2)O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)O1 OMDQUFIYNPYJFM-XKDAHURESA-N 0.000 description 31
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 31
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 31
- 229920000926 Galactomannan Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 244000007835 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba Species 0.000 description 29
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 27
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 26
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 23
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 23
- 229920000881 Modified starch Polymers 0.000 description 20
- XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N limonene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1CCC(C)=CC1 XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 235000019426 modified starch Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 19
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 17
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 16
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- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monododecyl ether Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCO SFNALCNOMXIBKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
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- XFOZBWSTIQRFQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-dimethyl-prop-2-enylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XFOZBWSTIQRFQW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种毛发护理组合物,所述毛发护理组合物涉及约14%至约40%的一种或多种表面活性剂;约0.1%至10%的一种或多种表面活性剂可溶性去头皮屑剂;其中当所述毛发护理组合物稀释至1.3%表面活性剂浓度时,具有小于0.6或大于1.4的表面活性剂扩散系数与可溶性试剂扩散系数的比率。
Description
本申请是申请日为2016年4月22日,进入中国国家阶段的申请号为201680023514.6,名称为“表面活性剂可溶性去头皮屑剂的递送”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及由毛发护理组合物递送表面活性剂可溶性头皮剂。
背景技术
多年来,去头皮屑洗发剂已被广泛用于处理头皮屑和清洁头发和头皮,但仍然需要改善的去头皮屑洗发剂。一般来讲,由去头皮屑剂与表面活性剂和含水体系的组合配制去头皮屑洗发剂,所述含水体系旨在将去头皮屑剂沉积在头皮上。所述去头皮屑剂可为不溶性颗粒如吡啶硫酮锌,和/或表面活性剂可溶性物质如咪菌酮或羟甲辛吡酮。许多去头皮屑洗发剂使用具有阴离子表面活性剂的阳离子聚合物以形成聚集体,其有助于沉积不溶性颗粒剂。然而,由于可溶性试剂不与在阳离子聚合物和阴离子表面活性剂之间形成的聚集体缔合,因此聚集体通常不影响可溶性试剂的沉积。实际上,可证实难以在头皮上沉积远超过1-2%的去头皮屑洗发剂中存在的可溶性试剂,而制剂中剩余的98-99%的可溶性试剂被冲洗掉。由于许多去头皮屑剂可能较昂贵,因此允许洗去>97%的可溶性试剂相当于撒钱血本无归,因此仍然需要可更有效沉积可溶性去头皮屑剂的洗发剂。另外,由于消费者继续希望递送优异去头皮屑功效的洗发剂,并且较低的试剂沉积导致较低的去头皮屑功效,因此仍然需要可在头皮上沉积更高百分比的存在于去头皮屑洗发剂中的可溶性试剂的洗发剂。
许多类型的表面活性剂与胶束聚集体的缔合是众所周知的现象。胶束通常被绘制为球形聚集体的静态结构,但是实际上胶束与在基体和胶束之间不断交换的各个表面活性剂分子(单体)处于动态平衡状态。另外,胶束本身连续崩解和重组。胶束溶液中包括两个驰豫过程。第一个是称为τ1的快速驰豫过程,其与在胶束和周围基体相之间的单体的快速交换相关。第二驰豫时间τ2归因于胶束形成和溶解过程(即胶束的寿命)。Shah和同事(Patist,A.,Jha,B.K.,Oh,S.G.,和Shah,D.O.,J.Surfactants Deterg.2,317,(1999);James-Smith,M.A.,Shekhawat,D.,和Shah,D.O.,Tenside Surf.Det.44,142(2007))对胶束化动力学的广泛实验研究显示τ2与多种去污性能以及表面活性剂特性(如动态表面张力和胶束稳定性)的强相关性,所述去污性能包括胶束溶液中的油溶性和乳液中的液滴尺寸。他们的研究还显示τ2与其它特性如起泡性和亚胶束聚集体浓度的强逆相关性。具体地,研究显示,最大的τ2和由此最大胶束稳定性对应于最大油溶速率和最大油溶解量两者。因此,逻辑表明,具有更长τ2、更稳定胶束和更快溶解速率的清洁组合物将是优选的,因为此类体系可更好地清洁,更快速地溶解更大量的油或表面活性剂可溶性材料,并且应该更稳定。然而,令人惊奇的是,已发现,如图1所示,具有τ2较短、胶束较不稳定并且溶解速率较慢的表面活性剂体系的组合物是优选的。
发明内容
在本发明的一个实施方案中,它涉及毛发护理组合物,所述毛发护理组合物包含约14%至约40%的一种或多种表面活性剂;约0.1%至10%的一种或多种表面活性剂可溶性去头皮屑剂;其中当所述毛发护理组合物稀释至1.3%表面活性剂浓度时,具有小于0.6或大于1.4的表面活性剂扩散系数与可溶性试剂扩散系数的比率。
附图说明
图1为作为表面活性剂组成的函数的羟甲辛吡酮溶解速率的图示。
本发明实施方案的详细说明
除非另外指明,本文中使用的所有百分比和比率均按所述总组合物的重量计。除非另外指明,所有测量均被理解为是在环境条件下进行,其中“环境条件”是指在约25℃下,在约一个大气压下,并且在约50%相对湿度下的条件。所有数值范围是包括端值在内的较窄范围;所描述的范围上限和下限是可组合的,以形成没有明确描述的另外的范围。
本发明的组合物可包含本文所描述的基本组分以及任选成分,基本上由或由本文所描述的基本组分以及任选成分组成。如本文所用,“基本上由...组成”是指组合物或组分可包含附加成分,只要所述附加成分不会在本质上改变本发明要求的组合物或方法的基本特征和新特征。
如关于组合物所用的“施加”或“施用”是指将本发明的组合物施加或铺展到角质组织诸如毛发上。
“皮肤病学可接受的”是指所述组合物或组分适用于与人的皮肤组织接触,而没有不适当的毒性、不相容性、不稳定性、变应性应答等。
“安全有效量”是指足以显著诱导积极有益效果的化合物或组合物的量。
虽然本说明书以特别指出并清楚地要求保护本发明的权利要求书作为结尾,但据信通过下列说明可更好地理解本发明。
如本文所用,术语“流体”包括液体和凝胶。
如本文所用,当用于权利要求中时,包括“一个”和“一种”的冠词应被理解为是指一种或多种受权利要求书保护的或所描述的物质。
如本文所用,“包括/包含”是指可加入不影响最终结果的其它步骤和其它成分。该术语包括“由…组成”和“基本上由…组成”。
如本文所用,“混合物”旨在包括物质的简单组合以及由它们的组合所可能产生的任何化合物。
如本文所用,除非另行指出,“分子量”或“分子质量”是指重均分子量。分子量使用工业标准方法、凝胶渗透色谱法(“GPC”)测量。
在给定含量范围的情况下,这些应当被理解为组合物中所述成分的总量,或在多于一种物质落入成分定义的范围内的情况下,组合物中所有成分的总量符合所述定义。
例如,如果所述组合物包含1%至5%的脂肪醇,则包含2%硬脂醇和1%鲸蜡醇并且不包含其它脂肪醇的组合物将落入该范围内。
下文所述的各特定成分或它们混合物的量可占所述毛发护理组合物中一种或多种成分总量的至多100%(或100%)。
如本文所用,“个人护理组合物”包括产品如洗发剂、沐浴凝胶、液体洗手液、毛发着色剂、面部清洁剂、和其它基于表面活性剂的液体组合物。
如本文所用,术语“包括”、“包含”和“含有”旨在是非限制性的,并且理解为分别是指“具有”、“具备”和“涵盖”。
除非另外说明,所有百分比、份数和比率均基于本发明组合物的总重量计。所有涉及所列成分的此类重量均基于活性物质的含量计,因此不包括可能包含在可商购获得的材料中的载体或副产物。
除非另外指明,所有组分或组合物含量均是就该组分或组合物的活性部分而言的,并且不包括可能存在于此类组分或组合物的可商购获得来源中的杂质,例如残余溶剂或副产物。
应当理解,贯穿本说明书给出的每一最大数值限度包括每一更低数值限度,如同该更低数值限度在本文中明确写出。贯穿本说明书给出的每一最小数值限度将包括每一更高数值限度,如同该更高数值限度在本文中明确写出。贯穿本说明书给出的每一数值范围将包括落在此更宽数值范围内的每个更窄数值范围,如同该更窄数值范围在本文中完全明确写出。
虽然表面活性剂体系的τ2和胶束稳定性以及表面活性剂-可溶性试剂在该体系中的溶解度是重要的,但同样重要的是表面活性剂胶束的稳定性和稀释后体系中试剂的溶解度和溶解速率,例如清洁组合物在使用期间施用至头部时。理解稀释时可溶性试剂在表面活性剂体系中溶解度和相关性的一种方法是通过NMR测量稀释样品中表面活性剂和表面活性剂-可溶性试剂的扩散系数。如果表面活性剂和试剂的扩散系数相似,使得两个系数的比率接近1.0,则可推断出表面活性剂-可溶性试剂在表面活性剂胶束内或与表面活性剂胶束密切相关。然而,如果表面活性剂和试剂的扩散系数非常不同,使得两个系数的比率显著大于或小于1.0,则可推断出表面活性剂-可溶性试剂不在表面活性剂胶束内或与表面活性剂胶束相关。这继而意味着,表面活性剂-可溶性试剂在后一种情况下较不溶于稀释的表面活性剂中。
已发现,包含可溶性去头皮屑剂的清洁组合物在稀释至1.3%表面活性剂浓度时,具有小于0.8或大于1.2的表面活性剂扩散系数与可溶性扩散系数的比率时,可以比扩散系数比率接近1.0的包含可溶性去头皮屑剂的组合物高~1.4X或更大的效率沉积该可溶性试剂。
不受理论的约束,本发明实施方案表现出的增加的沉积效率可通过额外地掺入稀释时相分离的油与稀释时形成聚集体的阳离子聚合物的组合而令人惊奇地进一步提高。所述聚集体有助于油的沉积,其中表面活性剂-可溶性试剂应至少部分溶解,从而导致沉积的可溶性试剂的总百分比逐步增加。
表面活性剂-可溶性试剂定义为不溶于水但溶于10%月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1硫酸钠的水溶液中的材料。常规方法可用于测定溶解度。此类方法可包括其中所关注的材料的溶解度可首先通过视觉评估来确定含有月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1硫酸钠混合物的材料是均匀的,然后用含有月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1硫酸钠混合物的材料填充玻璃广口瓶,然后放置2级标准红色激光指示器,如Quartet 2级标准激光指示器(型号MP-1202Q),靠在广口瓶的侧面,并照射激光通过广口瓶。如果材料在月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1溶液中可溶,则激光不会被散射,导致只有可观察到的红点出现在与激光指示器相对的广口瓶的侧面上,并且通过溶液没有观察到可见的红色激光束。
可溶性去头皮屑剂
去头皮屑剂可为选自以下的一种材料或混合物:唑类,如咪菌酮、酮康唑、伊曲康唑、益康唑和新康唑;羟基吡啶酮,如羟甲辛吡酮(羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺)、环吡酮、利洛吡司、和MEA-羟基辛氧基吡啶酮;角质层分离剂,如水杨酸和其它羟基酸;甲氧基丙烯酸酯类,如嘧菌酯和金属螯合剂如1,10-菲咯啉。
在一个实施方案中,所述唑类抗微生物剂为咪唑,其选自:苯并咪唑、苯并噻唑、联苯苄唑、丁康唑硝酸盐、咪菌酮、克霉唑、克鲁康唑、依柏康唑、益康唑、新康唑、芬替康唑、氟康唑、氟三唑、异康唑、酮康唑、兰诺康唑、甲硝唑、咪康唑、奈康唑、奥莫康唑、奥昔康唑硝酸盐、舍他康唑、硝酸硫康唑、噻康唑、噻唑、以及它们的混合物,或所述唑类抗微生物剂为三唑,其选自:特康唑、伊曲康唑、以及它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,所述唑类微生物剂为酮康唑。在一个实施方案中,唯一的抗微生物剂为酮康唑。
在一个实施方案中,所述可溶性去头皮屑剂可以约0.1%至10%,在另一个实施方案中约0.25%至8%,在另一个实施方案中约0.5%至6%的量存在。
A.去污表面活性剂
所述毛发护理组合物可包含大于约14重量%的向所述组合物提供清洁性能的表面活性剂体系,在一个实施方案中包含大于20重量%的向所述组合物提供清洁性能的表面活性剂体系。所述表面活性剂体系包含阴离子表面活性剂,和/或阴离子表面活性剂的组合,和/或阴离子表面活性剂与辅助表面活性剂的组合,所述辅助表面活性剂选自两性辅助表面活性、两性离子辅助表面活性、非离子辅助表面活性、以及它们的混合物。去污表面活性剂的各种示例和描述示于美国专利8,440,605;美国专利申请公布2009/155383;和美国专利申请公布2009/0221463中,将所述文献全文以引用方式并入本文中。
在一个实施方案中,所述毛发护理组合物可包含约14%至约40%,约15%至约36%,约18%至约32%,和/或约20%至约28重量%的一种或多种表面活性剂。
适用于所述组合物中的阴离子表面活性剂为烷基硫酸盐和烷基醚硫酸盐。其它合适的阴离子表面活性剂为有机硫酸反应产物的水溶性盐。其它合适的阴离子表面活性剂为用羟乙磺酸酯化并且用氢氧化钠中和的脂肪酸的反应产物。其它类似的阴离子表面活性剂描述于美国专利2,486,921;2,486,922;和2,396,278中,将所述文献全文以引用方式并入本文。
用于所述毛发护理组合物中的示例性阴离子表面活性剂包括月桂基硫酸铵、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵、C10-15烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵、C10-15烷基硫酸铵、C11-15硫酸铵、癸基硫酸铵、癸醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵、十一烷基硫酸铵、十一烷醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵、月桂基硫酸三乙胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸三乙胺、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸单乙醇胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸单乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸二乙醇胺、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸二乙醇胺、月桂酸甘油单酯硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钠、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、C10-15烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、C10-15烷基硫酸钠、C11-15烷基硫酸钠、癸基硫酸钠、癸醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、十一烷基硫酸钠、十一烷醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、月桂基硫酸钾、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾、C10-15烷基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾、C10-15烷基硫酸钾、C11-15烷基硫酸钾、癸基硫酸钾、癸醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾、十一烷基硫酸钾、十一烷醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾、月桂基肌氨酸钠、月桂酰肌氨酸钠、月桂基肌氨酸、椰油酰肌氨酸、椰油酰硫酸铵、月桂酰硫酸铵、椰油酰硫酸钠、月桂酰硫酸钠、椰油酰硫酸钾、月桂基硫酸钾、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸三乙醇胺、椰油酰硫酸单乙醇胺、月桂基硫酸单乙醇胺、十三烷基苯磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、椰油酰羟乙基磺酸钠、以及它们的组合。在另一个实施方案中,所述阴离子表面活性剂为月桂基硫酸钠或月桂基聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠。
本发明的组合物还可包含选自以下的阴离子表面活性剂:
a R1 O(CH2CHR3O)y SO3M;
b CH3(CH2)z CHR2 CH2 O(CH2 CHR3O)y SO3M;以及
c它们的混合物,
其中R1表示CH3(CH2)10,R2表示H或烃基,所述烃基包含1至4个碳原子,使得z和R2中的碳原子总和为8,R3为H或CH3,y为0至7,当y不为零(0)时,y的平均值为约1,并且M为一价或二价的带正电阳离子。
合适的阴离子烷基硫酸盐和烷基醚硫酸盐表面活性剂包括但不限于具有烷基支链的那些,其由C8至C18支链醇合成,所述支链醇可选自:格尔伯特醇、醛醇缩合衍生的醇、羰基合成醇、以及它们的混合物。2-烷基支链醇的非限制性示例包括羰基合成醇如2-甲基-1-十一烷醇、2-乙基-1-癸醇、2-丙基-1-壬醇、2-丁基1-辛醇、2-甲基-1-十二烷醇、2-乙基-1-十一烷醇、2-丙基-1-癸醇、2-丁基-1-壬醇、2-戊基-1-辛醇、2-戊基-1-庚醇、和以商品名(Sasol)、(Sasol)和(Shell)出售的那些,以及格尔伯特醇和醛醇缩合衍生的醇如2-乙基-1-己醇、2-丙基-1-丁醇、2-丁基-1-辛醇、2-丁基-1-癸醇、2-戊基-1-壬醇、2-己基-1-辛醇、2-己基-1-癸醇、和以商品名(Sasol)出售或作为醇乙氧基化物和烷氧基化物以商品名LUTENSOL(BASF)和LUTENSOL(BASF)出售的那些。
所述阴离子烷基硫酸盐和烷基醚硫酸盐也可包括由C8至C18支链醇合成的那些,所述支链醇衍生自丁烯或丙烯,以商品名EXXALTM(Exxon)和(Sasol)出售。这包括十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-n硫酸钠(STnS)的亚型的阴离子表面活性剂,其中n介于约0.5和约3.5之间。该亚型的示例性表面活性剂为十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2硫酸钠和十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-3硫酸钠。本发明的组合物还可包含十三烷基硫酸钠。
本发明的组合物还可包含阴离子烷基磺基琥珀酸盐和烷基醚磺基琥珀酸盐,和/或二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐和二烷基醚磺基琥珀酸盐,以及它们的混合物。二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐和二烷基醚磺基琥珀酸盐可为C6-15直链或支链二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐和二烷基醚磺基琥珀酸盐。烷基部分可以是对称的(即相同的烷基部分)或非对称的(即不相同的烷基部分)。非限制性示例包括:月桂基磺基琥珀酸二钠、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚磺基琥珀酸二钠、双十三烷基磺基琥珀酸钠、二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠、二己基磺基琥珀酸钠、二环己基磺基琥珀酸钠、二戊基磺基琥珀酸钠、二异丁基磺基琥珀酸钠、直链双(十三烷基)磺基琥珀酸盐、以及它们的混合物。
所述毛发护理组合物可包含辅助表面活性剂。所述辅助表面活性剂可选自两性表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂、以及它们的混合物。所述辅助表面活性剂可包括但不限于月桂酰氨基丙基甜菜碱、椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱、月桂基羟基磺基甜菜碱、月桂酰两性基乙酸钠、椰油酰两性基二乙酸二钠、椰油酰胺单乙醇酰胺、以及它们的混合物。
所述毛发护理组合物还可包含按重量计约0.25%至约15%,约2%至约14%,约3%至约13%的一种或多种两性辅助表面活性剂、两性离子辅助表面活性剂、非离子辅助表面活性剂、或它们的混合物。
适用于本文毛发护理组合物中的两性或两性离子表面活性剂包括已知用于洗发剂或其它个人护理清洁的那些。合适两性离子或两性表面活性剂的非限制性示例描述于美国专利5,104,646和5,106,609中,将所述文献全文以引用方式并入本文。
适用于所述组合物中的两性辅助表面活性剂包括被描述为脂族仲胺和叔胺的衍生物的那些表面活性剂,其中脂族基团可为直链或支链的,并且其中脂族取代基之一包含约8至约18个碳原子,并且一个脂族取代基包含阴离子基团诸如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根、或膦酸根。合适的两性表面活性剂包括但不限于选自以下的那些:椰油基氨基丙酸钠、椰油基氨基二丙酸钠、椰油酰两性基乙酸钠、椰油酰两性基羟丙基磺酸钠、椰油酰两性基丙酸钠、玉米油酰两性基丙酸钠、月桂氨基丙酸钠、月桂酰两性基乙酸钠、月桂酰两性基二乙酸钠、月桂酰两性基羟丙基磺酸钠、月桂酰两性基丙酸钠、玉米油酰两性基丙酸钠、月桂亚氨基二丙酸钠、椰油基氨基丙酸铵、椰油基氨基二丙酸铵、椰油酰两性基乙酸铵、椰油酰两性基二乙酸铵、椰油酰两性基羟丙基磺酸铵、椰油酰两性基丙酸铵、玉米油酰两性基丙酸铵、月桂氨基丙酸铵、月桂酰两性基乙酸铵、月桂酰两性基二乙酸铵、月桂酰两性基羟丙基磺酸铵、月桂酰两性基丙酸铵、玉米油酰两性基丙酸铵、月桂亚氨基二丙酸铵、椰油基氨基丙酸三乙醇胺、椰油基氨基二丙酸三乙醇胺、椰油酰两性基乙酸三乙醇胺、椰油酰两性基羟丙基磺酸三乙醇胺、椰油酰两性基丙酸三乙醇胺、玉米油酰两性基丙酸三乙醇胺、月桂氨基丙酸三乙醇胺、月桂酰两性基乙酸三乙醇胺、月桂酰两性基羟丙基磺酸三乙醇胺、月桂酰两性基丙酸三乙醇胺、玉米油酰两性基丙酸三乙醇胺、月桂亚氨基二丙酸三乙醇胺、椰油酰两性基二丙酸、癸酰两性基二乙酸二钠、癸酰两性基二丙酸二钠、辛酰两性基二乙酸二钠、辛酰两性基二丙酸二钠、椰油酰两性基羧乙基羟丙基磺酸二钠、椰油酰两性基二乙酸二钠、椰油酰两性基二丙酸二钠、二羧乙基椰油基丙二胺二钠、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-5羧基两性基二乙酸二钠、月桂亚氨基二丙酸二钠、月桂酰两性基二乙酸二钠、月桂酰两性基二丙酸二钠、油基两性基二丙酸二钠、PPG-2-异癸醇聚醚-7羧基两性基二乙酸二钠、月桂基氨基丙酸、月桂酰两性基二丙酸、月桂基氨丙基甘氨酸、月桂基二亚乙二氨基甘氨酸、以及它们的混合物。
所述组合物可包含两性离子辅助表面活性剂,其中两性离子辅助表面活性剂为脂族季铵、鏻和锍化合物的衍生物,其中脂肪族基团可为直链或支链,并且其中脂族取代基之一包含约8至约18个碳原子,并且一个脂族取代基包含阴离子基团,诸如羧基、磺酸根、硫酸根、磷酸根或膦酸根。所述两性离子表面活性剂可选自:椰油酰氨基乙基甜菜碱、椰油酰氨基丙基氧化胺、椰油酰氨基丙基甜菜碱、椰油酰氨基丙基二甲基氨基羟丙基水解胶原、椰油酰氨基丙基二甲基铵羟丙基水解胶原、椰油酰氨基丙基羟基磺基甜菜碱、椰油甜菜碱酰胺基两性基丙酸盐、椰油基甜菜碱、椰油基羟基磺基甜菜碱、椰油基/油基酰胺丙基甜菜碱、椰油基磺基甜菜碱、月桂酰氨基丙基甜菜碱、月桂基甜菜碱、月桂基羟基磺基甜菜碱、月桂基磺基甜菜碱,以及它们的混合物。
适用于本发明中的非离子表面活性剂包括McCutcheion的“Detergents andEmulsifiers”北美版(1986年,Allured Publishing Corp.)和McCutcheion的“FunctionalMaterials”北美版(1992)中描述的那些。适用于本发明的个人护理组合物中的非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于聚氧乙烯化烷基酚、聚氧乙烯化醇、聚氧乙烯化聚丙二醇、链烷酸甘油酯、链烷酸聚甘油酯、链烷酸丙二醇酯、链烷酸山梨醇酯、链烷酸聚氧乙烯化山梨醇酯、链烷酸聚氧乙二醇酯、聚氧乙烯化链烷酸、链烷醇酰胺、N-烷基吡咯烷酮、烷基糖苷、烷基多葡糖苷、烷基胺氧化物、和聚氧乙烯化硅氧烷。
所述辅助表面活性剂可为非离子表面活性剂,所述非离子表面活性剂选自烷醇酰胺基团,包括:椰油酰胺、椰油酰胺甲基MEA、椰油酰胺DEA、椰油酰胺MEA、椰油酰胺MIPA、月桂酰胺DEA、月桂酰胺MEA、月桂酰胺MIPA、十四酰胺DEA、十四酰胺MEA、PEG-20椰油酰胺MEA、PEG-2椰油酰胺、PEG-3椰油酰胺、PEG-4椰油酰胺、PEG-5椰油酰胺、PEG-6椰油酰胺、PEG-7椰油酰胺、PEG-3月桂酰胺、PEG-5月桂酰胺、PEG-3油酰胺、PPG-2椰油酰胺、PPG-2羟乙基椰油酰胺、PPG-2羟乙基异硬脂酰胺、以及它们的混合物。
代表性的聚氧乙烯化醇包括烷基链在C9-C16范围内,并且具有约1至约110个烷氧基的那些,包括但不限于月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-3、月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-23、十六烷基聚氧乙烯醚-10、硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-10、硬脂基聚氧乙烯醚-100、山嵛醇聚醚-10、和可以商品名91、23、25、45、135、l 67、PC 100、PC 200、PC 600从Shell Chemicals(Houston,Texas)商购获得的那些、以及它们的混合物。
还可商购获得的是可以商品名从Uniqema(Wilmington,Delaware)商购获得的聚氧乙烯脂肪酯,包括但不限于30、35、52、56、58、72、76、78、93、97、98、721、以及它们的混合物。
合适的烷基糖苷和烷基多苷可由式(S)n-O-R表示,其中S为糖部分如葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖、半乳糖等;n为约1至约1000的整数,并且R为C8-C30烷基基团。可由其获得烷基的长链醇的示例包括癸醇、月桂醇、十四烷醇、鲸蜡醇、硬脂醇、油醇等。这些表面活性剂的示例包括烷基多葡糖苷,其中S为葡萄糖部分,R为C8-20烷基,并且n为约1至约9的整数。这些表面活性剂的可商购获得的示例包括以商品名325CS、600CS和625CS购自Cognis(Ambler,PA)的癸基多葡糖苷和月桂基多葡糖苷。还可用于本文的是蔗糖酯表面活性剂如蔗糖椰油酸酯和蔗糖月桂酸酯,和可以商品名TritonTM BG-10和TritonTMCG-110得自The Dow Chemical Company(Houston,Tx)的烷基多葡糖苷。
适用于本发明的其它非离子表面活性剂为甘油酯和聚甘油酯,包括但不限于甘油基单酯,C12-22饱和、不饱和的和支链脂肪酸的甘油基单酯如油酸甘油酯、一硬脂酸甘油酯、一棕榈酸甘油酯、一山嵛酸甘油酯、以及它们的混合物,和C12-22饱和、不饱和的和支链脂肪酸的聚甘油酯如聚甘油基-4异硬脂酸酯、聚甘油基-3油酸酯、聚甘油基-2-倍半油酸酯、二异硬脂酸三甘油酯、一油酸二甘油酯、一油酸四甘油酯、以及它们的混合物。
还可用作本文非离子表面活性剂的是脱水山梨糖醇酯。C12-22饱和、不饱和的和支链脂肪酸的脱水山梨糖醇酯可用于本文中。这些脱水山梨糖醇酯通常包含一酯、二酯、三酯等的混合物。合适脱水山梨糖醇酯的代表性示例包括一月桂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯(20)、一棕榈酸脱水山梨糖醇酯(40)、一硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯(60)、三硬脂酸脱水山梨醇酯(65)、一油酸脱水山梨糖醇酯(80)、三油酸脱水山梨糖醇酯(85)和异硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯。
还适用于本文的是脱水山梨糖醇酯的烷氧基化衍生物,包括但不限于均购自Uniqema的聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇一月桂酸酯(20)、聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇一棕榈酸酯(40)、聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨醇一硬脂酸酯(60)、聚氧乙烯(20)脱水山梨糖醇一油酸酯(80)、聚氧乙烯(4)脱水山梨糖醇一月桂酸酯(21)、聚氧乙烯(4)脱水山梨醇一硬脂酸酯(61)、聚氧乙烯(5)脱水山梨糖醇一油酸酯(81)、以及它们的混合物。
还适用于本文的是烷基酚乙氧基化物,包括但不限于壬基酚乙氧基化物(购自TheDow Chemical Company(Houston,Tx)的TergitolTM NP-4、NP-6、NP-7、NP-8、NP-9、NP-10、NP-11、NP-12、NP-13、NP-15、NP-30、NP-40、NP-50、NP-55、NP-70)和辛基酚乙氧基化物(购自The Dow Chemical Company(Houston,Tx)的TritonTM X-15、X-35、X-45、X-114、X-100、X-102、X-165、X-305、X-405、X-705)。
还适用于本文的是叔烷基胺氧化物,包括月桂基氧化胺和椰油基氧化胺。
适用于所述毛发护理组合物中的其它阴离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、两性表面活性剂、和附加的非离子表面活性剂的非限制性示例描述于由M.C.PublishingCo.公布的McCutcheon的“Emulsifiers and Detergents”1989年刊和美国专利3,929,678、2,658,072;2,438,091;2,528,378中,将所述文献全文以引用方式并入本文。
合适的表面活性剂组合具有约0.5%至约30%,或者约1%至约25%,或者约2%至约20%的烷基支链平均重量%。所述表面活性剂组合可具有约7.5%至约25%,或约10%至约22.5%,或约10%至约20%的C8至C12烷基链长累计平均重量%。所述表面活性剂组合可具有约3至约200,或约25至约175.5,或约50至约150,或约75至约125的平均C8-C12/C13-C18烷基链比率。
B.阳离子聚合物
所述毛发护理组合物还包含阳离子聚合物。这些阳离子聚合物可包括以下中的至少一种:(a)阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物,(b)阳离子非瓜尔胶半乳甘露聚糖聚合物,(c)阳离子木薯聚合物,(d)丙烯酰胺单体和阳离子单体的阳离子共聚物,和/或(e)合成的非交联阳离子聚合物,其在与去污表面活性剂混合后可形成或可不形成溶致液晶,(f)阳离子纤维素聚合物。另外,所述阳离子聚合物可为阳离子聚合物的混合物。
所述毛发护理组合物可包含阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物,其为阳离子取代的半乳甘露聚糖(瓜尔)胶衍生物。用于制备这些瓜尔胶衍生物的瓜尔胶通常以天然存在的得自瓜尔胶植物种子的材料形式获得。瓜尔胶分子自身为直链甘露聚糖,其在规则间隔处支化,在交替的甘露糖单元上具有单节半乳糖单元。甘露糖单元经由β(1-4)糖苷键连接基彼此连接。经由α(1-6)键,发生半乳糖支化。通过聚半乳糖甘露聚糖的羟基与反应性季铵化合物之间的反应,获得瓜尔胶的阳离子衍生物。阳离子基团到瓜尔胶结构上的取代度应足以提供上文所述的所需阳离子电荷密度。
根据一个实施方案,阳离子聚合物(包括但不限于阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物)具有小于1,500,000g/mol,或约150,000至约1,500,000g/mol,或约200,000至约1,500,000g/mol,或约300,000至约1,200,000g/mol,或约750,000,000至约1,000,000g/mol的重均分子量。在一个实施方案中,阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物具有约0.2至约2.2meq/g,或约0.3至约2.0meq/g,或约0.4至约1.8meq/g,或约0.5meq/g至约1.7meq/g的电荷密度。
根据一个实施方案,阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物具有小于约1,500,000g/mol的重均分子量,并且具有约0.1meq/g至约2.5meq/g的电荷密度。在一个实施方案中,阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物具有小于900,000g/mol,或约150,000至约800,000g/mol,或约200,000至约700,000g/mol,或约300,000至约700,000g/mol,或约400,000至约600,000g/mol,约150,000至约800,000g/mol,或约200,000至约700,000g/mol,或约300,000至约700,000g/mol,或约400,000至约600,000g/mol的重均分子量。在一个实施方案中,阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物具有约0.2至约2.2meq/g,或约0.3至约2.0meq/g,或约0.4至约1.8meq/g,或约0.5meq/g至约1.5meq/g的电荷密度。
所述毛发护理组合物可包含按所述组合物的总重量计约0.05%至小于约1%,约0.05%至约0.9%,约0.1%至约0.8%,或约0.2%至约0.7%的阳离子聚合物(a)。
阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物可由季铵化合物形成。在一个实施方案中,用于形成阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物的季铵化合物符合通式1:
其中R3、R4和R5为甲基或乙基基团;R6为通式2的环氧烷基基团:
或R6为通式3的卤代醇基团:
其中R7为C1至C3亚烷基;X为氯或溴,并且Z为阴离子诸如Cl-、Br-、I-或HSO4-。
在一个实施方案中,阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物符合通式4:
其中R8为瓜尔胶;并且其中R4、R5、R6和R7如上定义;并且其中Z为卤素。在一个实施方案中,阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物符合式5:
合适的阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物包括阳离子瓜尔胶衍生物,诸如瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵。在一个实施方案中,阳离子瓜尔胶聚合物为瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵。瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵的具体示例包括可从Solvay商购获得的系列,例如可从Solvay商购获得的C-500。C-500具有0.8meq/g的电荷密度,和500,000g/mol的分子量。其它合适的瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为:具有约1.1meq/g电荷密度和约500,000g/mol的分子量并且购自ASI的瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,具有约1.5meq/g电荷密度和约500,000g/mol的分子量并且购自ASI的瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵。其它合适的瓜尔羟丙基三甲基氯化铵为:Hi-Care 1000,其具有约0.7meq/g的电荷密度和约600,000g/mole的分子量,并且购自Solvay;N-Hance 3269和N-Hance 3270,其具有约0.7meq/g的电荷密度和约425,000g/mol的分子量,并且购自ASI;N-Hance 3196,其具有约0.8meq/g的电荷密度和约1,100,000g/mol的分子量,并且购自ASI。AquaCat CG518具有约0.9meq/g的电荷密度和约50,000g/mol的分子量,并且购自ASI。BF-13,其为具有约1.1meq/g的电荷密度和约800,000的分子量的无硼酸盐(硼)的瓜尔胶,和BF-17,其为具有约1.7meq/g的电荷密度和约800,000的M.Wt.的无硼酸盐(硼)的瓜尔胶,二者均购自ASI。
本发明的毛发护理组合物可包含半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物,以单体对单体计,半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物具有的甘露糖与半乳糖的比率大于2:1,半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物选自阳离子半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物和具有净正电荷的两性半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物。如本文所用,术语“阳离子半乳甘露聚糖”是指向其中加入阳离子基团的半乳甘露聚糖聚合物。术语“两性半乳甘露聚糖”是指向其中加入阳离子基团和阴离子基团以使聚合物具有净正电荷的半乳甘露聚糖聚合物。
半乳甘露聚糖聚合物存在于豆科种子胚乳中。半乳甘露聚糖聚合物由甘露糖单体和半乳糖单体的组合构成。半乳甘露聚糖分子为按规则间隔在特定甘露糖单元上的以一个半乳糖单元支化的直链甘露聚糖。甘露糖单元经由β(1-4)糖苷键彼此连接。经由α(1-6)键产生半乳糖支化。甘露糖单体与半乳糖单体的比率可根据植物的品种而改变,并且还受气候的影响。以单体对单体计,本发明的非瓜尔胶半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物具有大于2:1的甘露糖与半乳糖的比率。合适的甘露糖与半乳糖的比率可大于约3:1,并且甘露糖与半乳糖的比率可大于约4:1。甘露糖与半乳糖比率的分析是本领域熟知的,并且通常基于半乳糖含量的测量。
用于制备非瓜尔胶半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物的树胶通常以天然存在的物质形式获得,如来自植物的种子或豆形果实。多种非瓜尔胶半乳甘露聚糖聚合物的示例包括但不限于刺云豆胶(3份甘露糖/1份半乳糖)、长角豆胶或角豆胶(4份甘露糖/1份半乳糖)和肉桂胶(5份甘露糖/1份半乳糖)。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,非瓜尔胶半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物具有约1,000至约10,000,000,和/或约5,000至约3,000,000的M.Wt.。
本发明的毛发护理组合物还可包含半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物,其具有约0.5meq/g至约7meq/g的阳离子电荷密度。在本发明的一个实施方案中,半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物具有约1meq/g至约5meq/g的阳离子电荷密度。阳离子基团到半乳甘露聚糖结构上的取代度应足以提供所需的阳离子电荷密度。
所述半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物可为非瓜尔胶半乳甘露聚糖聚合物的阳离子衍生物,其由聚半乳甘露聚糖聚合物的羟基基团与反应性季铵化合物之间的反应获得。适用于形成阳离子半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物的季铵化合物包括符合如上定义的通式1-5的那些。
由上述试剂形成的阳离子非瓜尔胶半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物由通式6表示:
其中R为树胶。阳离子半乳甘露聚糖衍生物可为树胶羟丙基三甲基氯化铵,其可更具体地由通式7表示:
另选地,所述半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物可为具有净正电荷的两性半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物,当阳离子半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物还包含阴离子基团时,获得所述两性半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物。
所述阳离子瓜尔胶半乳甘露聚糖可具有大于约4:1的甘露糖与半乳糖的比率,约1,000g/mol至约10,000,000g/mol,和/或约50,000g/mol至约1,000,000g/mol,和/或约100,000g/mol至约900,000g/mol,和/或约150,000g/mol至约400,000g/mol的分子量,以及约1meq/g至约5meq/g,和/或2meq/g至约4meq/g的阳离子电荷密度,并且可衍生自桂皮植物。
所述毛发护理组合物可包含按所述组合物的重量计至少约0.05%的半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物,或按所述组合物的重量计约0.05%至约2%的半乳甘露聚糖聚合物衍生物。
所述毛发护理组合物可包含水溶性阳离子改性淀粉聚合物。如本文所用,术语“阳离子改性淀粉”是指在使淀粉降解以具有较小分子量之前向其中加入阳离子基团的淀粉,或在使淀粉改性以获得合适分子量之后向其中加入阳离子基团的淀粉。术语“阳离子改性淀粉”的定义还包括两性改性的淀粉。术语“两性改性的淀粉”是指向其中加入阳离子基团和阴离子基团的淀粉水解产物。
所述毛发护理组合物可包含按所述组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%,和/或约0.05%至约5%范围内的阳离子改性淀粉聚合物。
本文公开的阳离子改性淀粉聚合物具有约0.5%至约4%的结合氮百分比。
用于所述毛发护理组合物中的阳离子改性淀粉聚合物可具有约850,000g/mol至约1,500,000g/mol,和/或约900,000g/mol至约1,500,000g/mol的分子量。
所述毛发护理组合物可包含阳离子改性淀粉聚合物,其具有约0.2meq/g至约5meq/g,和/或约0.2meq/g至约2meq/g的电荷密度。获得此类电荷密度的化学改性包括但不限于向淀粉分子中加入氨基和/或铵基团。这些铵基团的非限制性示例可包括取代基,如羟丙基三甲基氯化铵、三甲基羟丙基氯化铵、二甲基硬脂基羟丙基氯化铵和二甲基十二烷基羟丙基氯化铵。参见Solarek,D.B.的Cationic Starches in Modified Starches:Properties and Uses”(Wurzburg,O.B.编辑,CRC Press,Inc.,Boca Raton,Fla.1986,第113-125页)。可将阳离子基团在淀粉降解至具有较小分子量之前加入淀粉中,或可将阳离子基团在上述改性之后加入其中。
所述阳离子改性淀粉聚合物通常具有约0.2至约2.5的阳离子基团取代度。如本文所用,阳离子改性淀粉聚合物的“取代度”是每个由取代基衍生的葡糖酐单元上羟基数的平均量度。由于每个葡糖酐单元具有三个可被取代的羟基基团,因此最大可能的取代度为3。以摩尔平均计,取代度表示为每摩尔葡糖酐单元具有的取代基摩尔数。取代度可使用本领域熟知的质子核磁共振光谱(“.sup.1H NMR”)方法来测定。合适的.sup.1H NMR技术包括描述于以下文献中的那些:“Observation on NMR Spectra of Starches in DimethylSulfoxide,Iodine-Complexing,and Solvating in Water-Dimethyl Sulfoxide”(Qin-JiPeng和Arthur S.Perlin,“Carbohydrate Research”,160(1987),57-72页);和“AnApproach to the Structural Analysis of Oligosaccharides by NMR Spectroscopy”(J.Howard Bradbury和J.Grant Collins,“Carbohydrate Research”,71,(1979),15-25。
在化学改性之前的淀粉来源可选自多种来源,诸如块茎、豆类、谷类和粮食。此源淀粉的非限制性示例可包括玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉、米淀粉、蜡质玉米淀粉、燕麦淀粉、木薯淀粉、蜡质大麦淀粉、蜡质米淀粉、江米淀粉、糯米淀粉、糯玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉、燕麦淀粉、西米淀粉、糯米淀粉、或它们的混合物。
所述阳离子改性淀粉聚合物可选自降解的阳离子玉米淀粉、阳离子木薯、阳离子马铃薯淀粉、以及它们的混合物。另选地,所述阳离子改性淀粉聚合物为阳离子玉米淀粉和阳离子木薯。
在降解至具有较小分子量之前或在改性至具有较小分子量之后,所述淀粉可包含一种或多种附加的改性。例如,这些改性可包括交联、稳定化反应、磷酸化和水解。稳定性反应可包括烷基化和酯化。
所述阳离子改性淀粉聚合物可以水解淀粉(例如酸、酶或碱降解)、氧化淀粉(例如过氧化物、过酸、次氯酸盐、碱或任何其它氧化剂)、物理/机械降低淀粉(例如经由处理设备的热机械能输入)或它们组合的形式掺入到所述组合物中。
淀粉的最佳形式是一种易于溶解于水中并且在水中形成基本上澄清(600nm下约80的透射%)溶液的形式。所述组合物的透明度可通过紫外/可见(UV/VIS)分光光度测定法来测定,其依照相关指导说明,使用Gretag Macbeth Colorimeter Color i 5,测定样本对UV/VIS光的吸收或透过。已示出,600nm的光波长足以表征化妆品组合物的透明度。
用于毛发护理组合物中的合适阳离子改性淀粉购自已知的淀粉供应商。还适用于毛发护理组合物中的是非离子改性淀粉,如本领域已知的,非离子改性淀粉可被进一步衍生为阳离子改性淀粉。如本领域已知的,其它合适的改性淀粉原料可被季铵化,以产生适用于毛发护理组合物中的阳离子改性淀粉聚合物。
淀粉降解过程:通过在水中混合颗粒状淀粉,可制得淀粉浆液。使温度升至约35℃。然后加入基于淀粉计约50ppm浓度的高锰酸钾水溶液。用氢氧化钠将pH升至约11.5,并且将浆液充分搅拌,以防止淀粉沉淀。然后,加入在水中稀释的约30%的过氧化氢溶液,使过氧化物的含量基于淀粉计为约1%。然后通过加入附加的氢氧化钠,将pH恢复至约11.5。将反应在约1至约20小时的时段内完成。然后将该混合物用稀盐酸中和。降解淀粉通过洗涤后过滤并干燥来重新获得。
所述毛发护理组合物可包含丙烯酰胺单体和阳离子单体的阳离子共聚物,其中共聚物具有约1.0meq/g至约3.0meq/g的电荷密度。所述阳离子共聚物可为丙烯酰胺单体和阳离子单体的合成阳离子共聚物。
所述阳离子共聚物可包含:
(i)下式AM的丙烯酰胺单体:
其中R9为H或C1-4烷基;并且R10和R11独立地选自H、C1-4烷基、CH2OCH3、CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2和苯基,或合在一起为C3-6环烷基;和
(ii)符合式CM的阳离子单体:
其中k=1,v、v'和v”中的每一个独立地为1至6的整数,w为零或1至10的整数,并且X-为阴离子。
所述阳离子单体可符合式CM,并且其中k=1,v=3并且w=0,z=1,并且X-为Cl-,以形成以下结构:
上述结构可被称为二季铵盐。另选地,所述阳离子单体可符合式CM,并且其中v和v”各自为3,v’=1,w=1,y=1,并且X-为Cl-,如:
上述结构可被称为三季铵盐。
合适的丙烯酰胺单体包括但不限于丙烯酰胺或甲基丙烯酰胺。
所述阳离子共聚物(b)可为AM:TRIQUAT,其为丙烯酰胺和N-[2-[[[二甲基[3-[(2-甲基-1-氧代-2-丙烯基)氨基]丙基]铵基]乙酰基]氨基]乙基]2-羟基-N,N,N',N',N'-五甲基-1,3-丙二铵三氯化物的共聚物。AM:TRIQUAT还被称为聚季铵盐76(PQ76)。AM:TRIQUAT可具有1.6meq/g的电荷密度和1,100,000g/mol的分子量。
在另选的实施方案中,所述阳离子共聚物具有丙烯酰胺单体和阳离子单体,其中所述阳离子单体选自:(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二叔丁基氨基乙酯、二甲基氨基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、二甲基氨基丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺;乙烯亚胺、乙烯胺、2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶;三甲基(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基氯化铵、三甲基(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基甲酯硫酸铵、二甲基铵(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基苄基氯化铵、4-苯甲酰基苄基二甲基丙烯酰氧乙基氯化铵、三甲基(甲基)丙烯酰氨基乙基氯化铵、三甲基(甲基)丙烯酰氨基丙基氯化铵、乙烯基苄基三甲基氯化铵、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵、以及它们的混合物。
所述阳离子共聚物可包含阳离子单体,所述阳离子单体选自包括以下的阳离子单体:三甲基(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基氯化铵、三甲基(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基甲酯硫酸铵、二甲基铵(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基苄基氯化铵、4-苯甲酰基苄基二甲基丙烯酰氧乙基氯化铵、三甲基(甲基)丙烯酰氨基乙基氯化铵、三甲基(甲基)丙烯酰氨基丙基氯化铵、乙烯基苄基三甲基氯化铵、以及它们的混合物。
所述阳离子共聚物可为水溶性的。所述阳离子共聚物由以下形成:(1)(甲基)丙烯酰胺和基于(甲基)丙烯酰胺的阳离子单体和/或水解稳定的阳离子单体的共聚物,(2)(甲基)丙烯酰胺、基于阳离子(甲基)丙烯酸酯的单体、和基于(甲基)丙烯酰胺的单体、和/或水解稳定的阳离子单体的三聚物。基于阳离子(甲基)丙烯酸酯的单体可为包含季铵化N原子的(甲基)丙烯酸的阳离子化酯。在一个实施方案中,包含季铵化N原子的(甲基)丙烯酸的阳离子化酯为在烷基和亚烷基基团中具有C1-C3的季铵化(甲基)丙烯酸二烷基氨基烷基酯。合适的包含季铵化N原子的(甲基)丙烯酸的阳离子化酯可选自用氯甲烷季铵化的(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基甲酯的铵盐、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯的铵盐、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙酯的铵盐、(甲基)丙烯酸二乙基氨基甲酯的铵盐、(甲基)丙烯酸二乙基氨基乙酯的铵盐;以及(甲基)丙烯酸二乙基氨基丙酯的铵盐。在一个实施方案中,包含季铵化N原子的(甲基)丙烯酸的阳离子化酯为丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯,其用卤代烷季铵化,或用氯甲烷或苄基氯或硫酸二甲酯(ADAME-Quat)季铵化。当基于(甲基)丙烯酰胺时,所述阳离子单体可为在烷基和亚烷基基团中具有C1至C3的季铵化二烷基氨基烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺,或用卤代烷或氯甲烷或苄基氯或硫酸二甲酯季铵化的二甲氨基丙基丙烯酰胺。
基于(甲基)丙烯酰胺的合适阳离子单体包括烷基和亚烷基基团中具有C1-C3的季铵化二烷基氨基烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺。基于(甲基)丙烯酰胺的阳离子单体可为二甲基氨基丙基丙烯酰胺,其用卤代烷(尤其是氯甲烷)或苄氯或硫酸二甲酯季铵化。
所述阳离子单体可为水解稳定的阳离子单体。除了二烷基氨基烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺以外,水解稳定的阳离子单体还可为OECD水解测试认为稳定的所有单体。所述阳离子单体可为水解稳定的,并且水解稳定的阳离子单体可选自:二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵和水溶性阳离子苯乙烯衍生物。
所述阳离子共聚物可为丙烯酰胺、用氯甲烷季铵化的(甲基)丙烯酸2-二甲基铵乙酯(ADAME-Q)、和用氯甲烷季铵化的3-二甲基铵丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺(DIMAPA-Q)的三元共聚物。所述阳离子共聚物可由丙烯酰胺和丙烯酰氨基丙基三甲基氯化铵形成,其中所述丙烯酰氨基丙基三甲基氯化铵具有约1.0meq/g至约3.0meq/g的电荷密度。
所述阳离子共聚物可具有约1.1meq/g至约2.5meq/g,或约1.1meq/g至约2.3meq/g,或约1.2meq/g至约2.2meq/g,或约1.2meq/g至约2.1meq/g,或约1.3meq/g至约2.0meq/g,或约1.3meq/g至约1.9meq/g的电荷密度。
所述阳离子共聚物可具有约100,000g/mol至约1,500,000g/mol,或约300,000g/mol至约1,500,000g/mol,或约500,000g/mol至约1,500,000g/mol,或约700,000g/mol至约1,000,000g/mol,或约900,000g/mol至约1,200,000g/mol的分子量。
所述阳离子共聚物可为三甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺氯化物-N-丙烯酰胺共聚物,其还被称为AM:MAPTAC。AM:MAPTAC可具有约1.3meq/g的电荷密度和约1,100,000g/mol的分子量。所述阳离子共聚物可为AM:ATPAC。AM:ATPAC可具有约1.8meq/g的电荷密度和约1,100,000g/mol的分子量。
(a)阳离子合成聚合物
所述毛发护理组合物可包含可由以下形成的阳离子合成聚合物:
i)一种或多种阳离子单体单元,和任选的
ii)一种或多种带有负电荷的单体单元,和/或
iii)非离子单体,
其中共聚物的随后电荷是正的。三种类型的单体的比率以“m”、“p”和“q”给出,其中“m”为阳离子单体的数目,“p”为带有负电荷的单体的数目,并且“q”为非离子单体的数目。
所述阳离子聚合物可为具有以下结构的水溶性或水可分散的非交联并且合成的阳离子聚合物:
其中A可为以下阳离子部分中的一种或多种:
其中@=酰胺基、烷基酰胺基、酯、醚、烷基、或烷基芳基;
其中Y=C1-C22烷基、烷氧基、烷叉基、烷基或芳氧基;
其中ψ=C1-C22烷基、烷氧基、烷基芳基或烷基芳氧基;
其中Z=C1-C22烷基、烷氧基、芳基或芳氧基;
其中R1=H、C1-C4直链或支链烷基;
其中s=0或1,n=0或≥1;
其中T和R7=C1-C22烷基;并且
其中X-=卤素、氢氧根、链烷醇根、硫酸根或烷基硫酸根。
其中带有负电荷的单体由以下定义:R2’=H、C1-C4直链或支链烷基,并且R3为:
其中D=O、N、或S;
其中Q=NH2或O;
其中u=1-6;
其中t=0-1;并且
其中J=包含以下元素P、S、C的氧化官能团。
其中非离子单体由以下定义:R2”=H、C1-C4直链或支链烷基,R6=直链或支链烷基、烷基芳基、芳氧基、烷氧基、烷基芳氧基,并且β定义为
其中G‘和G”彼此独立地为O、S或N-H,并且L=0或1。
阳离子单体的示例包括(甲基)丙烯酸氨烷基酯、(甲基)氨基烷基(甲基)丙烯酰胺;包含至少一个仲胺、叔胺或季铵官能团,或含氮原子、乙烯基胺或乙撑亚胺的杂环基团的单体;二烯丙基二烷基铵盐;它们的混合物、它们的盐、以及由它们衍生的大分子单体。
阳离子单体的其它示例包括(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二甲基氨基丙酯、(甲基)丙烯酸二叔丁基氨基乙酯、二甲基氨基甲基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、二甲基氨基丙基(甲基)丙烯酰胺、乙烯亚胺、乙烯胺、2-乙烯基吡啶、4-乙烯基吡啶、(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基甲硫酸铵、(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基苄基二甲基氯化铵、4-苯甲酰基苄基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基氯化铵、(甲基)丙烯酰胺基乙基三甲基氯化铵、(甲基)丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵、乙烯基苄基三甲基氯化铵、二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵。
合适的阳离子单体包括包含式-NR3 +的季铵基团的那些,其中R相同或不同,代表氢原子、包含1至10个碳原子的烷基,或苄基,任选带有羟基,并且包含阴离子(抗衡离子)。阴离子的示例为卤离子(诸如氯离子、溴离子)、硫酸根、硫酸氢根、烷基硫酸根(例如包含1至6个碳原子)、磷酸根、柠檬酸根、甲酸根和乙酸根。
合适的阳离子单体包括(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵、(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基甲硫酸铵、(甲基)丙烯酰氧乙基苄基二甲基氯化铵、4-苯甲酰基苄基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基氯化铵、(甲基)丙烯酰胺基乙基三甲基氯化铵、(甲基)丙烯酰胺基丙基三甲基氯化铵、乙烯基苄基三甲基氯化铵。
其它合适的阳离子单体包括丙基(甲基)丙烯酰氨基三甲基氯化铵。
带有负电荷的单体的示例包括包含磷酸盐或膦酸盐基团的α-烯键式不饱和单体、α-烯键式不饱和一元羧酸、α-烯键式不饱和二元羧酸的单烷基酯、α-烯键式不饱和二元羧酸的单烷基酰胺、包含磺酸基团的α-烯键式不饱和化合物、以及包含磺酸基团的α-烯键式不饱和化合物的盐。
具有负电荷的合适单体包括丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙烯基磺酸、乙烯基磺酸的盐、乙烯基苯磺酸、乙烯基苯磺酸的盐、α-丙烯酰胺甲基丙烷磺酸、α-丙烯酰胺甲基丙烷磺酸的盐、甲基丙烯酸2-磺基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸2-磺基乙酯的盐、丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙烷磺酸(AMPS)、丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙烷磺酸的盐、和苯乙烯磺酸盐(SS)。
非离子单体的示例包括乙酸乙烯酯、α-烯键式不饱和羧酸的酰胺、具有氢化或氟化醇的α-烯键式不饱和一元羧酸的酯、聚环氧乙烷(甲基)丙烯酸酯(即,具有聚乙氧基化(甲基)丙烯酸)、α-烯键式不饱和二元羧酸的单烷基酯、α-烯键式不饱和二元羧酸的单烷基酰胺、乙烯基腈、乙烯胺酰胺、乙烯醇、乙烯基吡咯烷酮和乙烯基芳族化合物。
合适的非离子单体包括苯乙烯、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、丙烯腈、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、以及甲基丙烯酸2-羟乙酯。
与合成阳离子聚合物缔合的阴离子抗衡离子(X-)可为任何已知的抗衡离子,只要所述聚合物在水中、在毛发护理组合物中、或在毛发护理组合物中的凝聚层相中保持溶解或分散,并且只要抗衡离子与毛发护理组合物的基本组分在物理上和化学上是相容的,或不会另外不当地损害产品的性能、稳定性或美观性。此类抗衡离子的非限制性示例包括卤离子(例如氯、氟、溴、碘)、硫酸根和甲酯硫酸根。
本文所述的阳离子聚合物可有助于向受损毛发,尤其是化学处理过的毛发提供替代疏水性F层。极薄的F-层提供天然耐候性,同时有助于密封水分,并且防止进一步损伤。化学处理会损伤毛发表皮并且使其保护性F-层剥离。当F-层被剥离时,毛发变得日益亲水。已发现,当溶致液晶被施用到化学处理过的毛发上时,毛发在外观和感觉两者上变得更加疏水且更像天然的。不受任何理论的束缚,据信所述溶致液晶复合物形成疏水层或膜,其覆盖毛发纤维并且保护毛发,如同天然的F-层保护毛发那样。疏水层恢复毛发成通常像未处理的、更健康的状态。溶致液晶通过将本文所述的合成阳离子聚合物与前述毛发护理组合物的阴离子去污表面活性剂组分混合来形成。合成阳离子聚合物具有相对高的电荷密度。应当指出,一些具有相对高阳离子电荷密度的合成聚合物不形成溶致液晶,这主要是由于它们不正常的直链电荷密度。此类合成阳离子聚合物描述于授予Reich等人的WO 94/06403中。本文所述的合成聚合物可配制于稳定的毛发护理组合物中,所述毛发护理组合物针对受损毛发提供改善的调理性能。
可形成溶致液晶的阳离子合成聚合物具有约2meq/gm至约7meq/gm,和/或约3meq/gm至约7meq/gm,和/或约4meq/gm至约7meq/gm的阳离子电荷密度。在一些实施方案中,所述阳离子电荷密度为约6.2meq/gm。所述聚合物还具有约1,000至约5,000,000,和/或约10,000至约1,500,000,和/或约100,000至约1,500,000的M.Wt.。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,提供增强的调理性和有益剂沉积但无需形成溶致液晶的阳离子合成聚合物具有约0.7meq/gm至约7meq/gm,和/或约0.8meq/gm至约5meq/gm,和/或约1.0meq/gm至约3meq/gm的阳离子电荷密度。所述聚合物还具有约1,000至约1,500,000,约10,000至约1,500,000,和约100,000至约1,500,000的M.Wt.。
合适的阳离子纤维素聚合物为与三甲基铵取代的环氧化物反应的羟乙基纤维素的盐,在工业上(CTFA)称作聚季铵盐10,并且可以它们的Polymer LR、JR和KG聚合物系列购自Dow/Amerchol Corp.(Edison,N.J.,USA)。非限制性示例包括:JR-30M、KG-30M、JP、LR-400、以及它们的混合物。阳离子纤维素的其它合适类型包括羟乙基纤维素与月桂基二甲基铵取代的环氧化物反应而生成的聚合物季铵盐,其在工业上(CTFA)称作聚季铵盐24。这些材料可以商品名Polymer LM-200购自Dow/Amerchol Corp.。其它合适类型的阳离子纤维素包括羟乙基纤维素与月桂基二甲基铵取代的环氧化物以及三甲基铵取代的环氧化物反应所得的聚合季铵盐,其在工业上(CTFA)称作聚季铵盐67。这些材料以商品名SoftCATPolymer SL-5、SoftCAT Polymer SL-30、Polymer SL-60、Polymer SL-100、Polymer SK-L、Polymer SK-M、Polymer SK-MH、和Polymer SK-H购自Dow/Amerchol Corp.。
所述阳离子聚合物的浓度在按所述毛发护理组合物的重量计约0.025%至约5%,约0.1%至约3%,和/或约0.2%至约1%的范围内。
C.降粘剂
在一个实施方案中,本文所述的毛发护理组合物可包含按所述毛发护理组合物的重量计约0.1%至约35%,或约0.25%至约30%,或约0.5%至约25%的降粘剂。合适降粘剂的非限制性示例包括A类材料、B类材料、与水混溶的溶剂、水溶助长剂、以及它们的混合物。
本文所述的毛发护理组合物可具有约1厘泊至约6,000厘泊,或约1厘泊至约4,500厘泊,或约1厘泊至约3,000厘泊,或约5厘泊至约2,000厘泊的液相粘度。
1.A类降粘剂
所述A类降粘剂可具有约-3.1至约-0.7,或者约-3至约-0.85,或者约-2.92至约-0.92的分配扩散系数。所述A类降粘剂可具有约-3至约-1.9,或者约-2.9至约-2的分配扩散系数,其中所述一种或多种降粘剂具有至少2个极性基团,或具有1个极性基团,以及在邻接基团中彼此连接的少于5个无环sp3杂化碳原子。所述A类降粘剂可具有约-3至约-1.9,或约-2.9至约-2的分配扩散系数,其中所述一种或多种降粘剂具有2至4个极性基团,或具有1个极性基团,以及在邻接基团中彼此连接的1至3个无环sp3杂化碳原子。所述A类降粘剂可具有约-3至约-1,或约-2.9至约-2的分配扩散系数,其中所述一种或多种降粘剂具有2至4个极性基团,或具有1个极性基团,以及在邻接基团中彼此连接的2个无环sp3杂化碳原子。当用于本文所述的毛发护理组合物中时,所述A类降粘剂可提供意料不到的粘度降低。
所述分配扩散系数(PDC)由下式定义:
PDC=logP-0.3001*(δD)2+10.362*δD-93.251
其中logP为辛醇-水分配系数,如由Advanced Chemistry Development,Inc.(ACD/Labs,Toronto,Canada)的14.02版ACD/Percepta实现的一致算法所计算的,并且其中δD为使用Steven Abbott和Hiroshi Yamamoto的“HSPIP–Hansen Solubility Parametersin Practice”程序(第4版,4.1.07版)计算的以(MPa)1/2为单位的Hansen溶解度分配参数。
所述降粘剂可为有机化合物,包含1个极性基团,或者至少1个极性基团,或者2至4个极性基团,另选地或者至少2个极性基团。所述极性基团可选自醇、醛、酯、内酯、香豆素、醚、酮、苯酚、苯基、氧化物、烯基、炔基、以及它们的组合。所述降粘剂可具有介于100道尔顿和300道尔顿之间,或者约125道尔顿至约300道尔顿的分子量。另外,在介于23和25摄氏度之间,所述降粘剂可具有约900至50,000mg/L的水中溶解度。
所述降粘剂可选自树莓酮、柠檬酸三乙酯、5-甲基-3-庚酮肟、羟基香茅醛、樟脑胶、2-异丙基-5-甲基-2-己烯醛、桉油精、1,1-二甲氧基辛烷、己酸异丁酯、二氢异茉莉酮酸甲酯、以及它们的组合。另选地,所述降粘剂可选自树莓酮、柠檬酸三乙酯、羟基香茅醛、樟脑胶、以及它们的组合。另选地,所述降粘剂可选自树莓酮、柠檬酸三乙酯、羟基香茅醛、以及它们的组合。
2.B类降粘剂
所述B类降粘剂可具有约0.05至约5.1,或约0.08至约4.5,或约0.09至约4.4,或约0.05至约2.0,或约0.08至约1.8,或约0.09至约1.7,或约0.095至约1.68的分配扩散系数。当用于本文所述的毛发护理组合物中时,所述B类降粘剂可提供意料不到的粘度降低。
所述分配扩散系数(PDC)由下式定义:
PDC=logP-0.3001*(δD)2+10.362*δD-93.251
其中logP为辛醇-水分配系数,如由Advanced Chemistry Development,Inc.(ACD/Labs,Toronto,Canada)的14.02版ACD/Percepta实现的一致算法所计算的,并且其中δD为使用Steven Abbott和Hiroshi Yamamoto的“HSPIP–Hansen Solubility Parametersin Practice”程序(第4版,4.1.07版)计算的以(MPa)1/2为单位的Hansen溶解度分配参数。
所述降粘剂可为有机化合物,包含1个极性基团,或者至少1个极性基团,或者2至4个极性基团,另选地或者至少2个极性基团。所述极性基团可选自醇、醛、酯、内酯、香豆素、醚、酮、苯酚、苯基、氧化物、烯基、炔基、以及它们的组合。所述降粘剂可具有介于100道尔顿和300道尔顿之间,或者约125道尔顿至约300道尔顿的分子量。另外,在介于23和25摄氏度之间,所述降粘剂可具有约10至900mg/L的水中溶解度。
所述B类降粘剂可选自紫草酮、水杨酸异戊酯、γ-萜品烯、异丁酸里哪酯、α-萜品烯、柠檬烯、二戊烯、苯乙酸香叶酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、十六烷、以及它们的组合。另选地,所述B类降粘剂可选自紫草酮、γ-萜品烯、异丁酸里哪酯、α-萜品烯、柠檬烯、二戊烯、苯乙酸香叶酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、十六烷、以及它们的组合。另选地,所述B类降粘剂可选自紫草酮、水杨酸异戊酯、γ-萜品烯、异丁酸里哪酯、α-萜品烯、柠檬烯、二戊烯、苯乙酸香叶酯、以及它们的组合。
3.水混溶性溶剂
可用于毛发护理组合物的实施方案中的载体包括水和以下的水溶液:低级烷基醇、多元醇、具有3至4个碳原子的酮、C1-C6醇的C1-C6酯、亚砜、酰胺、碳酸酯、乙氧基化和丙氧基化C1-C10醇、内酯、吡咯烷酮、以及它们的混合物。非限制性低级烷基醇示例为具有1至6个碳原子的一元醇,如乙醇和异丙醇。可用于本文的多元醇的非限制性示例包括丙二醇、双丙二醇、丁二醇、己二醇、甘油、丙烷二醇、以及它们的混合物。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述毛发护理组合物可包含水溶助长剂/粘度调节剂,其为低级烷基苯磺酸碱金属盐或铵盐,如二甲苯磺酸钠、异丙基苯磺酸钠、或甲苯磺酸钠。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,所述毛发护理组合物可包含有机硅/PEG-8有机硅/PEG-9有机硅/PEG-n有机硅/有机硅醚(n可为另一个整数),非限制性示例包括PEG8-聚二甲基硅氧烷A208)MW 855、PEG 8聚二甲基硅氧烷D208 MW 2706。
D.推进剂或发泡剂
本文所述的浓缩型毛发护理组合物可包含按所述浓缩型毛发护理组合物的重量计约1%至约10%的推进剂或发泡剂,或者约2%至约8%的推进剂。
所述推进剂或发泡剂可包含一种或多种挥发性物质,所述挥发性物质呈气态,可承载呈颗粒或液滴形式或为泡沫的浓缩型毛发护理组合物的其它组分。所述推进剂或发泡剂可具有约-45℃至约5℃范围内的沸点。当在压力下包装于常规气溶胶容器中时,所述推进剂或发泡剂可被液化。离开气溶胶泡沫分配器后,所述推进剂或发泡剂的爆沸可有助于浓缩型毛发护理组合物的其它组分雾化或发泡。
可用于气溶胶组合物中的气溶胶推进剂或发泡剂可包括化学惰性的烃如丙烷、正丁烷、异丁烷、环丙烷、以及它们的混合物,以及卤代烃如二氯二氟甲烷、1,1-二氯-1,1,2,2-四氟乙烷、1-氯-1,1-二氟-2,2-三氟乙烷、1-氯-1,1-二氟乙烯、1,1-二氟乙烷、二甲基醚、一氯二氟甲烷、反式-1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯、以及它们的混合物。所述推进剂或发泡剂可包含烃如异丁烷、丙烷和丁烷–这些材料可用于其低臭氧反应性,并且可用作单独的组分,其中它们在21.1℃下的蒸气压在约1.17巴至约7.45巴,或者约1.17巴至约4.83巴,或者约2.14巴至约3.79巴的范围内。
E.头皮健康剂
在本发明的一个实施方案中,可加入一种或多种头皮健康剂,以提供除了表面活性剂可溶性去头皮屑剂提供的抗真菌/去头皮屑功效以外的头皮有益效果。这类材料是变化的,并且提供多种有益效果,包括保湿性、阻隔改善、抗真菌、抗微生物和抗氧化、抗痒、和增感,以及附加的去头皮屑剂如吡啶硫酮锌(ZPT)或硫化硒。此类头皮健康剂包括但不限于:维生素E和F、水杨酸、烟酰胺、咖啡因、泛醇、氧化锌、碳酸锌、二醇类、乙醇酸、PCA、PEG、赤藓醇、甘油、三氯生、乳酸盐、透明质酸盐、尿囊素和其它尿素、甜菜碱、山梨醇、谷氨酸盐、木糖醇、薄荷醇、乳酸薄荷酯、异龙涎酮、苄醇、包含以下结构的化合物:
R1选自H、烷基、氨基烷基、烷氧基;
Q=H2、O、-OR1、-N(R1)2、-OPO(OR1)x、-PO(OR1)x、-P(OR1)x,其中x=1-2;
V=NR1、O、-OPO(OR1)x、-PO(OR1)x、-P(OR1)x,其中x=1-2;
W=H2、O;
X,Y=独立地选自H、芳基、萘基(就n=0而言);
X、Y=脂族CH2或芳族CH(就n≥1而言),并且Z选自脂族CH2、芳族CH、或杂原子;
A=低级烷氧基、低级烷硫基、芳基、被取代的芳基或稠合芳基;并且
立体化学可在标记*的位置处变化。
和天然提取物/油,包括胡椒薄荷、留兰香、坚果、霍霍巴油和芦荟。
F.任选成分
根据本发明的实施方案,所述毛发护理组合物还可包含一种或多种任选成分,包括有益剂。合适的有益剂包括但不限于调理剂、阳离子聚合物有机硅乳剂、去头皮屑剂、凝胶网络、螯合剂和天然油如向日葵油或蓖麻油。另外的合适任选成分包括但不限于香料、香料微胶囊、着色剂、颗粒、抗微生物剂、泡沫抑制剂、抗静电剂、流变改性剂和增稠剂、悬浮材料和结构剂、pH调节剂和缓冲剂、防腐剂、珠光剂、溶剂、稀释剂、抗氧化剂、维生素、以及它们的组合。
此类任选成分应该在物理和化学上与组合物的组分相容,并且不应该不当地破坏产品的稳定性、美观性或性能。CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook第十版(由Cosmetic,Toiletry,and Fragrance Association,Inc.(Washington,D.C.)公布)(2004)(下文称为“CTFA”)描述了各种可加入本文组合物中的非限制性材料。
1.调理剂
所述毛发护理组合物的调理剂可为有机硅调理剂。所述有机硅调理剂可包括挥发性有机硅、非挥发性有机硅、或它们的组合。所述有机硅调理剂的浓度通常在按所述组合物的重量计约0.01%至约10%,约0.1%至约8%,约0.1%至约5%,和/或约0.2%至约3%的范围内。合适的有机硅调理剂和任选的有机硅悬浮剂的非限制性示例描述于美国重新公布的专利34,584;美国专利5,104,646和美国专利5,106,609中,将所述文献描述以引用方式并入本文。
用于本发明组合物中的有机硅调理剂可具有如在25℃下测量的约20至约2,000,0000厘沲(“csk”),约1,000至约1,800,000csk,约10,000至约1,500,000csk,和/或约20,000至约1,500,000csk的粘度。
分散的有机硅调理剂颗粒通常具有约0.01微米至约60微米范围内的体积平均粒径。对于施用于毛发的小颗粒,体积平均粒径通常在约0.01微米至约4微米、约0.01微米至约2微米、约0.01微米至约0.5微米的范围内。
包括论述有机硅流体、硅橡胶纯胶料和有机硅树脂以及有机硅制备的章节在内的关于有机硅的其它资料可参见Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering第15卷,第2版,第204-308页,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.(1989),将所述文献以引用方式并入本文。
适用于本发明实施方案中的有机硅乳剂包括但不限于根据美国专利6,316,541或美国专利4,476,282或美国专利申请公布2007/0276087中提供的描述制得的不溶性聚硅氧烷乳剂。因此,合适的不溶性聚硅氧烷包括具有约5csk至约500,000csk内相粘度的聚硅氧烷,如α,ω-羟基封端的聚硅氧烷或α,ω-烷氧基封端的聚硅氧烷。例如,所述不溶性聚硅氧烷可具有小于400,000csk,优选小于200,000csk,更优选约10,000csk至约180,000csk的内相粘度。所述不溶性聚硅氧烷可具有约10nm至约10微米范围内的平均粒度。所述平均粒度可在约15nm至约5微米,约20nm至约1微米,或约25nm至约500nm的范围内。
所述不溶性聚硅氧烷的平均分子量、所述不溶性聚硅氧烷的内相粘度、所述有机硅乳剂的粘度、和包含所述不溶性聚硅氧烷的颗粒的尺寸由本领域技术人员常用的方法测定,如公开于Smith,A.L.的The Analytical Chemistry of Silicones,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.:New York,1991中的方法。例如,所述有机硅乳剂的粘度可在30℃下使用具有锭子6的布氏粘度计以2.5rpm测定。有机硅乳剂还可包含附加的乳化剂与阴离子表面活性剂。
适用于本发明组合物中的其它类别的有机硅包括但不限于:i)有机硅流体,包括但不限于硅油,其为可流动的材料,具有如在25℃下测量的小于约1,000,000csk的粘度;ii)氨基有机硅,其包含至少一个伯胺、仲胺或叔胺;iii)阳离子有机硅,其包含至少一个季铵官能团;iv)硅橡胶纯胶料;其包括具有如在25℃下测量的大于或等于1,000,000csk的粘度的材料;v)有机硅树脂,其包括高度交联的聚合硅氧烷体系;vi)高折射率有机硅,其具有至少1.46的折射率,以及vii)它们的混合物。
本发明毛发护理组合物中的调理剂还可包含至少一种单独的或与其它调理剂如上述有机硅组合的有机调理性材料如油或蜡。所述有机材料可以是非聚合的、低聚的或聚合的。它可为油或蜡的形式,并且可以纯形式或预乳化形式加入制剂中。有机调理材料的一些非限制性示例包括但不限于:i)烃油;ii)聚烯烃,iii)脂肪酸酯,iv)氟化调理化合物,v)脂肪醇,vi)烷基葡糖苷和烷基葡糖苷衍生物;vii)季铵化合物;viii)具有至多约2,000,000的分子量的聚乙二醇和聚丙二醇,包括具有CTFA名称PEG-200、PEG-400、PEG-600、PEG-1000、PEG-2M、PEG-7M、PEG-14M、PEG-45M、以及它们的混合物的那些。
2.乳化剂
多种阴离子和非离子乳化剂可用于本发明的毛发护理组合物中。所述阴离子和非离子乳化剂在性质上可为单体或聚合物。例如,单体示例包括但不限于烷基乙氧基化物、烷基硫酸盐、皂和脂肪酸酯、以及它们的衍生物。例如,聚合物示例包括但不限于聚丙烯酸酯、聚乙二醇和嵌段共聚物、以及它们的衍生物。天然存在的乳化剂如羊毛脂、卵磷脂和木质素以及它们的衍生物也是可用乳化剂的非限制性示例。
3.螯合剂
所述毛发护理组合物还可包含螯合剂。合适的螯合剂包括列于A E Martell&R MSmith的Critical Stability Constants第1卷(Plenum Press,New York&London,1974)和A E Martell&R D Hancock的Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solution(Plenum Press,NewYork&London,1996)中的那些,将所述两篇文献以引用方式并入本文。当涉及螯合剂时,术语“它们的盐及衍生物”是指具有与它们所涉及的螯合剂相同官能结构(例如相同化学主链)以及具有相似或更好螯合特性的盐和衍生物。该术语包括具有酸性部分的螯合剂的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐、铵盐、取代的铵(即单乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇铵)盐、酯、以及它们的混合物,尤其是所有的钠盐、钾盐或铵盐。术语“衍生物”还包括“螯合表面活性剂”化合物,诸如美国专利5,284,972中示例的那些,以及包含一个或多个具有与母体螯合剂相同官能结构的螯合基团的大分子,诸如美国专利5,747,440中公开的聚合物EDDS(乙二胺二琥珀酸)。
所述毛发护理组合物中EDDS螯合剂的含量可低至约0.01重量%或甚至高达约10重量%,但是高于较高含量(即10重量%),则可能产生制剂和/或人的安全性问题。在一个实施方案中,EDDS螯合剂的含量可为按所述毛发护理组合物的重量计至少约0.05重量%,至少约0.1重量%,至少约0.25重量%,至少约0.5重量%,至少约1重量%,或至少约2重量%。可使用高于约4重量%的含量,但是可能不获得附加的有益效果。
4.含水载体
所述毛发护理组合物可以为可倾倒液体的形式(环境条件下)。因此,此类组合物将通常包含载体,其含量占所述毛发护理组合物的约40%至约85%,或约45%至约80%,或约50%至约75重量%。所述载体可包含水,或水和有机溶剂的可混溶混合物,并且在一个方面,可包含水和最小或不显著浓度的有机溶剂,除了另外作为其它必要或任选组分的微量组分附带地掺入到所述组合物中的那些。
可用于本发明的毛发护理组合物的实施方案中的载体包括水以及低级烷基醇和多元醇的水溶液。可用于本文的低级烷基醇是具有1至6个碳的一元醇,在一个方面,为乙醇和异丙醇。可用于本文的示例性多元醇包括丙二醇、己二醇、甘油和丙烷二醇。
G.泡沫分配器
本文所述的毛发护理组合物可提供于泡沫分配器中。所述泡沫分配器可为气溶胶泡沫分配器。所述气溶胶泡沫分配器可包括用于保留毛发处理组合物的贮存器。所述贮存器可由任何合适材料制得,所述材料选自塑料、金属、合金、层合体、以及它们的组合。在一个实施方案中,所述贮存器可为一次性使用的。在一个实施方案中,所述贮存器可从气溶胶泡沫分配器移除。另选地,所述贮存器可与气溶胶泡沫分配器整合。在一个实施方案中,可存在两个或更多个贮存器。
所述泡沫分配器也可为机械泡沫分配器。所述机械泡沫分配器可选自挤压式泡沫分配器、泵式分配器、其它机械泡沫分配器、以及它们的组合。在一个实施方案中,所述机械泡沫分配器为挤压式泡沫分配器。合适泵式分配器的非限制性示例包括WO 2004/078903、WO 2004/078901和WO 2005/078063中所述的那些,并且可由Albea(60Electric Ave.,Thomaston,CT 06787 USA)或Rieke Packaging Systems(500West Seventh St.,Auburn,Indiana 46706)供应。
所述机械泡沫分配器可包含用于保留浓缩型毛发处理组合物的贮存器。所述贮存器可由任何合适材料制得,所述材料选自塑料、金属、合金、层合体、以及它们的组合。所述贮存器可为可再填充贮存器如注入型或螺口型贮存器,或所述贮存器可为一次性使用的。所述贮存器也可从机械泡沫分配器移除。另选地,所述贮存器可与所述机械泡沫分配器整合。在一个实施方案中,可存在两个或更多个贮存器。
在一个实施方案中,所述贮存器可由选自以下的材料构成:刚性材料、柔性材料、以及它们的组合。如果对贮存器施加内部部分真空时,它在外部大气压下不塌缩,则所述贮存器可由刚性材料构成。
H.产品形式
本发明的毛发护理组合物可呈现为典型的毛发护理制剂形式。它们可呈溶液、分散体、乳液、粉末、滑石、胶囊包封、球体、海绵、固体剂型、泡沫、以及其它递送机制的形式。本发明实施方案的组合物可为生发油、免洗型毛发产品诸如处理和定型产品、洗去型毛发产品诸如洗发剂和个人清洁产品、以及处理产品;以及可施用于毛发的任何其它形式。
I.施用装置
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述毛发护理组合物可从用于直接分配至头皮区域的施用装置分配。通过定向递送施用装置直接分配到头皮上,能够直接在清洁需求最高的地方沉积未稀释的清洁剂。这也最大限度地减少了眼睛与清洁液接触的风险。
所述施用装置附接,或可连接到包含清洁Prodhair护理组合物的瓶子上。所述施用装置可由保持或延伸至单个或多个叉齿的基座组成。所述叉齿具有可位于尖端、基部或尖端和基部之间的任何点处的开口。这些开口允许产品从瓶子直接分配到头发和/或头皮上。
另选地,所述施用装置也可由从基座附接或延伸的刷状刷毛组成。在该情况下,产品将从基座分配,并且刷毛将允许通过梳理或刷洗运动进行产品分配。
施用装置和叉齿设计和材料也可进行优化,以能够进行头皮按摩。在该情况下,有益的是,尖端处叉齿或刷毛几何形状与用于眼霜的滚球施用装置相类似,是更圆的。材料更平滑和更柔软也可能是有益的;例如金属或金属状涂饰剂,“橡胶材料”。
粘度测量
可使用具有锥体C75-1的锥板Brookfield RS流变仪,在2s-1、27℃下,在2.5mL样品上3分钟测定洗发剂粘度。
由NMR测定扩散系数
用去离子水将包含表面活性剂-可溶性试剂的清洁组合物稀释至约1.3%的表面活性剂浓度。据信该稀释因子在使用期间施用于头部时代表清洁组合物。将稀释的样品引入5mm NMR管中,不再进一步制备。不存在氘代溶剂,因此所有实验在未锁场下进行。使用配备有BBO z梯度探针的Bruker Avance 700MHz NMR光谱仪,使用供应商提供的脉冲序列(“ledbpgppr2s”,双极梯度的受激回波,纵向涡流延迟,预饱和的和2个扰相梯度)确定扩散系数。梯度脉冲持续时间范围在3000-6000us之间,扩散周期设置为150ms。使用32个线性间隔梯度值,所述梯度值在来自GREAT 3/10放大器的10A电流的2%-95%范围内,所得梯度强度由5Gauss/cm/A给出。使用供应商提供的软件处理数据。
表面活性剂胶束扩散系数表示为DS,并且表面活性剂-可溶剂扩散系数表示为DA。表面活性剂扩散系数与表面活性剂-可溶性试剂扩散系数的比率可用下式计算:
表面活性剂-可溶性试剂沉积的测量
在用包含表面活性剂-可溶性试剂的清洁组合物处理头皮并且冲洗掉之后,可通过乙醇萃取所述试剂,测量表面活性剂-可溶性试剂在头皮上的体内沉积。通过HPLC测量乙醇萃取溶剂中的试剂浓度。通过参考标准曲线进行定量。通过使用浓度乘以体积,将由HPLC检测的浓度转化成以克为单位的采集量。
沉积的试剂百分比可用下式计算:
沉积效率可用下式计算:
洗发剂组合物的制备
通过加入表面活性剂、去头皮屑剂、香料、粘度调节剂、阳离子聚合物和其余的水,充分搅拌以确保均匀的混合物,来制备洗发剂组合物。可将混合物加热至50-75℃以加速可溶性试剂的溶解,然后冷却。可根据需要调节产品pH以提供适于施用至人毛发和头皮的本发明洗发剂组合物,并且可基于特定去污表面活性剂和/或其它组分的选择而变化。
非限制性实施例
通过常规的配制方法和混和方法可制备以下实施例中举例说明的洗发剂组合物。除非另外指明,所有示例的量以重量百分比列出,除了微量物质以外,如稀释剂、防腐剂、有色溶液、假想成分、植物药物等。除非另外指明,所有百分比均基于重量计。
1具有70%活性物质的十一烷基硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
2具有26%活性物质的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
3羟甲辛吡酮,供应商:Clariant
4氯化钠,供应商:Morton
实施例1-2的结果论述
就实施例1而言,扩散系数的比率(DS/DA)接近1.0,这表明羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺以与SLE1S胶束相同的速率扩散,意味着羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺在SLE1S胶束内。然而,实施例2的比率(DS/DA)显著大于1.0,这表明羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺以与十一烷基硫酸钠胶束不同的速率扩散,意味着羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺不在十一烷基硫酸钠胶束内。实施例2中羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺不在表面活性剂胶束内的意义反映在实施例2的沉积效率大幅增加,其为实施例1(对照物)的3.6倍。
1具有26%活性物质的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
2羟甲辛吡酮,供应商:Clariant
3氯化钠,供应商:Morton
1具有26%活性物质的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
2羟甲辛吡酮,供应商:Clariant
3氯化钠,供应商:Morton
实施例3-8的结果论述
如实施例4和6中的表面活性剂含量下降或实施例8中的产品粘度下降相对于它们相应的对照物实施例3、5和7,均未显著影响沉积效率事实上,实施例4、6和8展示出它们相应对照物0.9-1.2倍范围内的沉积效率。
下文实施例9-13进一步示例本发明的实施方案。
1具有70%活性物质的十一烷基硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
2羟甲辛吡酮,供应商:Clariant
3柠檬烯,供应商:Kerry
4异丁酸里哪酯,供应商:Givaudan
5氯化钠,供应商:Morton
1具有70%活性物质的十一烷基硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
2具有35%活性物质的月桂酰氨基丙基甜菜碱,供应商:Solvay
3羟甲辛吡酮,供应商:Clariant
4柠檬烯,供应商:Kerry
5 Mirapol 100(40%活性物质溶液),供应商:Solvay Novecare
6 Jaguar C-500,粘度=25-65cps,氮%=1.15-1.45%,供应商:SolvayNovecare
7 UCARE Polymer JP,2%溶液粘度=30000,氮%=0.8-1.1%,供应商:DowChemicals
8氯化钠,供应商:Morton
显微镜样品制备方法
10:1稀释样品制备:称取10.00±0.05g自来水至玻璃小瓶中。将1.00±0.02g洗发剂加入自来水中。将小瓶顶盖紧紧关上,并且剧烈来回摇动20次。使样品静置5-24小时,直至乳状相分离至顶部。
5:1稀释样品制备:称取10.00±0.05g自来水至玻璃小瓶中。将2.00±0.02g洗发剂加入自来水中。将小瓶顶盖紧紧关上,并且剧烈来回摇动20次。使样品静置5-24小时,直至乳状相分离至顶部。
显微镜载玻片制备:使用1mL塑料泡移液管对稀释样品的顶部乳状相进行取样,并且将一滴放在显微镜载玻片上,然后将玻璃显微镜载玻片盖放置在样品的顶部。
使用差分干涉对比(DIC)显微镜,在40倍物镜下评定稀释样品。使用购自CarlZeiss Imaging Solutions的成像软件AxioVs40 V 4.7.2.0,用相机捕获图像。
实施例11-13的结果论述
实施例11、12和13的稀释液显微显示,在聚集体中存在俘获的柠檬烯油液滴。这证明在稀释洗发剂时,聚集体和柠檬烯油相分离。
1具有26%活性物质的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
2具有70%活性物质的十一烷基硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
3羟甲辛吡酮,供应商:Clariant
4氯化钠,供应商:Morton
实施例14-15的结果论述
就实施例14(对照物)而言,扩散系数的比率(DS/DA)接近1.0,这表明羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺以与SLE1S胶束相同的速率扩散,这允许推断,羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺在SLE1S胶束内。然而,在其中SLE1S被十一烷基硫酸钠替代的实施例15中,所述比率(DS/DA)大于1.0。DS/DA的该变化表明,羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺以与十一烷基硫酸钠胶束不同的速率扩散,这允许推断,羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺不在那些胶束内。实施例15中羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺不在表面活性剂胶束内的意义反映在实施例15的沉积效率相对于实施例14(对照物)增加。
1具有26%活性物质的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
2具有70%活性物质的十一烷基硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
3咪菌酮,供应商:Symrise
4氯化钠,供应商:Morton
实施例16-18的结果论述
就实施例16(对照物)而言,扩散系数的比率(DS/DA)接近1.0,这表明咪菌酮以与SLE1S胶束相同的速率扩散,这允许推断,咪菌酮在SLE1S胶束内。然而,在其中SLE1S被十一烷基硫酸钠替代的实施例17-18中,所述比率(DS/DA)显著大于1.0。DS/DA的该变化表明,咪菌酮以与十一烷基硫酸钠胶束不同的速率扩散,这允许推断,咪菌酮不在那些胶束内。因此,实施例17-18代表本发明,并且表现出显著更高的沉积效率,其为实施例16(对照物)的1.9倍-2.5倍。这表明,本发明可广泛应用于各种可溶性去头皮屑剂。
1具有26%活性物质的月桂基聚氧乙烯醚-1硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
2具有65%活性物质的十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2硫酸钠,供应商:Tianjin TianzhiFine Chemical Co
3具有70%活性物质的十一烷基硫酸钠,供应商P&G
4具有70%活性物质的癸基硫酸钠,供应商:P&G
5羟甲辛吡酮,供应商:Clariant
6氯化钠,供应商:Morton
实施例19-23的结果论述
该组实施例展示,达到大于1.2的扩散系数比率(DS/DA)是实现期望的沉积效率增加的关键。实施例20-22为本发明的代表,并且展示,用多种表面活性剂实现大于1.2的扩散系数比率(DS/DA)是可行的。因此,实施例20-22表现出比实施例19(对照物)更大的沉积效率(1.4-2.0倍)。实施例23为比较例,并且显示,即使当制剂包含十一烷基硫酸钠时,如果DS/DA接近1.0,则沉积效率将较低,并且类似于对照物(实施例19)。
在实施例中,除非另外指明,所有浓度均作为重量百分比列出,并且可排除微量材料,诸如稀释剂、填充剂等。因此,所列的制剂包括所列的组分以及与此类组分相关联的任何微量材料。这些微量组分的选择将根据所选以制备如本文所述发明的具体成分的物理和化学特性而变化,这对本领域普通技术人员来说显而易见的。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应理解为严格限于所引用的精确值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确地排除或以其它方式限制,本文中引用的每一篇文献,包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请以及本申请对其要求优先权或其有益效果的任何专利申请或专利,均据此全文以引用方式并入本文。任何文献的引用不是对其相对于任何本发明所公开的或本文受权利要求书保护的现有技术的认可,或不是对其单独地或以与任何其它参考文献或多个参考文献的组合提出、建议或公开了任何此类发明的认可。此外,如果此文献中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入本文的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义相冲突,将以此文献中赋予该术语的含义或定义为准。
虽然已经举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是对于本领域的技术人员来讲显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出多种其它改变和修改。因此,本文旨在于所附权利要求中涵盖属于本发明范围内的所有这些改变和修改。
Claims (20)
1.一种毛发护理组合物,其包含:
a)14%至40%的一种或多种表面活性剂,所述表面活性剂为阴离子表面活性剂或阴离子表面活性剂的组合;
b)0.1%至10%的一种或多种表面活性剂可溶性去头皮屑剂;
其中当所述毛发护理组合物稀释至1.3%表面活性剂浓度时,具有大于1.4的表面活性剂扩散系数与可溶性去头皮屑剂扩散系数的比率,其中所述表面活性剂中的至少一种为选自下组的一种表面活性剂或多种表面活性剂的组合:二异丁基磺基琥珀酸钠、二戊基磺基琥珀酸钠、二己基磺基琥珀酸钠、二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠、癸基硫酸铵、癸醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵、癸基硫酸钠、癸醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、癸基硫酸钾、癸醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾、十一烷基硫酸铵、十一烷醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵、十一烷基硫酸钠、十一烷醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠、十一烷基硫酸钾、十一烷醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钾、十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-2硫酸钠、十三烷基聚氧乙烯醚-3硫酸钠、十三烷基硫酸钠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的毛发护理组合物,其还包含0.25%至15%的一种或多种两性辅助表面活性剂、非离子辅助表面活性剂或两性离子辅助表面活性剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述辅助表面活性剂选自辛酰两性基二乙酸二钠、辛酰两性基二丙酸二钠、癸酰两性基二乙酸二钠、癸酰两性基二丙酸二钠、癸基多葡糖苷、C12-22支链脂肪酸的甘油基单酯、C12-22支链脂肪酸的聚甘油酯、C12-22支链脂肪酸的脱水山梨糖醇酯、聚甘油基-4异硬脂酸酯、二异硬脂酸三甘油酯和异硬脂酸脱水山梨糖醇酯。
4.根据前述权利要求1-2中任一项所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述表面活性剂可溶性去头皮屑剂为羟基吡啶酮。
5.根据权利要求4所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述羟基吡啶酮为羟甲辛吡酮乙醇胺。
6.根据前述权利要求1-2中任一项所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述表面活性剂可溶性去头皮屑剂为唑类。
7.根据权利要求6所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述唑类为咪菌酮。
8.根据前述权利要求1-2中任一项所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述组合物还包含阳离子聚合物。
9.根据前述权利要求1-2中任一项所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述组合物还包含调理剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述调理剂为有机硅。
11.根据前述权利要求1-2中任一项所述的毛发护理组合物,其还包含一种或多种头皮健康剂。
12.根据权利要求11所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述头皮健康剂为吡啶硫酮锌。
13.根据权利要求11所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述头皮健康剂为水杨酸。
14.根据权利要求11所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述头皮健康剂为薄荷醇和/或乳酸薄荷酯。
15.根据前述权利要求1-2中任一项所述的毛发护理组合物,其还包含1%至7%的香料。
16.根据前述权利要求1-2中任一项所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述毛发护理组合物作为泡沫分配。
17.根据前述权利要求1-2中任一项所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述毛发护理组合物作为气溶胶泡沫分配。
18.根据权利要求17所述的毛发护理组合物,其中将所述组合物作为气溶胶泡沫分配的推进剂或发泡剂为化学惰性的烃、卤代烃、以及它们的混合物。
19.根据前述权利要求1-2中任一项所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述毛发护理组合物作为泵送泡沫分配。
20.根据前述权利要求1-2中任一项所述的毛发护理组合物,其中所述毛发护理组合物使用施用装置施用。
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JP7066412B2 (ja) | 2022-05-13 |
JP2018511638A (ja) | 2018-04-26 |
ES2877403T3 (es) | 2021-11-16 |
CA2982480C (en) | 2021-04-13 |
EP3285735A1 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
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CA2982480A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
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CN107530257B (zh) | 2022-03-29 |
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EP3285735B1 (en) | 2021-06-23 |
BR112017022021A2 (pt) | 2018-07-03 |
WO2016172409A1 (en) | 2016-10-27 |
CN107530257A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
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