CN109310879A - 利用磁共振成像的粒子疗法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
使用磁共振成像(MRI)数据的粒子放射疗法和计划。可以接收放射疗法处方信息和患者MRI数据,并且可以确定与粒子束一起使用的放射疗法治疗计划。治疗计划可以利用放射疗法处方信息和患者MRI数据来考虑粒子束穿过的患者的软组织的相互作用特性。可以从与粒子放射疗法系统集成在一起的磁共振成像系统接收患者MRI数据。在治疗期间获得的MRI数据也可用于修改或优化粒子放射疗法治疗。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2016年3月2日提交的美国临时申请No.62/302,761的权益,该临时申请通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本文描述的主题涉及用于粒子放射疗法治疗计划和施用(administration)的装置、系统和方法。
背景技术
粒子疗法使用粒子束来杀死细胞以治疗疾病,所述疾病通常是增殖性组织疾病,例如癌症。粒子疗法可以用于治疗需要一定剂量的电离辐射来达成治疗效果的患者中的目标,所述目标例如为肉眼可观察到的肿瘤、包含微观疾病或潜在疾病扩散的解剖学区域、或者包括运动和/或递送不确定性的边缘(margin)的区域。粒子疗法束递送的电离辐射破坏了病变细胞的DNA和其他重要成分并且阻止细胞复制。
典型的粒子疗法涉及治疗计划以确定如何将规定的辐射剂量递送至目标,同时通过限制剂量低于可接受阈值以防止致命或使人衰弱的副作用来保护附近的健康组织。治疗计划通常使用X射线计算机断层扫描(CT)数据来确定患者身体的组成以及形成粒子疗法治疗计划。
发明内容
在一个方面,描述了一种存储指令的非暂时性计算机程序产品,所述指令在由形成至少一个计算系统的一部分的至少一个可编程处理器执行时使所述至少一个可编程处理器执行操作。所述操作可以包括接收患者放射疗法处方信息、接收患者磁共振成像(MRI)数据以及利用患者放射疗法处方信息并利用患者MRI数据确定与粒子束一起使用的放射疗法计划,以考虑粒子束穿过的软组织的相互作用特性。可以从与粒子放射疗法系统集成在一起的磁共振成像设备接收患者磁共振成像数据。
在一些变型中,可以考虑由MRI系统产生的磁场对粒子束的影响。
确定放射疗法计划可以包括确定由粒子束递送到软组织的剂量的生物有效性。可以通过利用患者磁共振成像数据来进行所述确定。
可以接收X射线计算机断层扫描数据。确定放射疗法治疗计划可以利用X射线计算机断层扫描数据。
所述操作可以包括接收用于利用粒子束的患者的放射疗法治疗的放射疗法束信息、在放射疗法治疗期间接收患者磁共振成像(MRI)数据、以及利用患者MRI数据执行粒子束剂量沉积位置的实施时间计算,该计算考虑了粒子束穿过的软组织的相互作用特性。在执行剂量沉积位置的实时计算时,可以考虑由MRI系统产生的磁场对粒子束的影响。所述操作可以包括:如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量沉积发生在目标之外,则中断粒子束。所述操作可以包括:如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量沉积发生在目标之外,则调节粒子束的能量。
可以利用患者MRI数据和剂量沉积位置的实时计算来修改粒子束的方向以便跟踪目标。在一些变型中,可以通过偏转磁体来修改粒子束的方向。在一些变型中,可以利用患者MRI数据和放射疗法束信息来计算在放射疗法治疗期间对患者的累积剂量沉积。
剂量沉积位置的实时计算可以包括通过利用患者磁共振成像数据确定由粒子束递送给软组织的剂量的生物有效性。可以基于所计算的剂量沉积来重新优化放射疗法治疗。
在一个方面,描述了一种放射疗法系统。所述放射疗法系统可以包括粒子疗法递送系统,用于通过粒子束向患者递送放射疗法。放射疗法系统可以包括磁共振成像系统,其配置成在放射疗法期间获得患者磁共振成像(MRI)数据。放射疗法系统可以包括控制器,该控制器被配置为在放射疗法期间接收患者MRI数据并利用患者MRI数据来执行粒子束的剂量沉积位置的实时计算,该计算考虑了粒子束穿过的软组织的相互作用特性。
控制器可以被配置为如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示沉积发生在目标之外则中断粒子束。控制器可以被配置为在计算剂量沉积位置时确定磁共振成像系统的磁场对粒子束的影响。控制器可以被配置成通过利用患者磁共振成像数据确定由粒子束递送给软组织的剂量的生物有效性。
控制器可以被配置为如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量沉积发生在目标之外则中断粒子束。控制器可以被配置为如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量沉积发生在目标之外则调节粒子束的能量。控制器可以被配置为利用患者MRI数据和剂量沉积位置的实时计算来修改粒子束的方向以便跟踪目标。
放射疗法系统可以包括偏转磁体。可以使用偏转磁体来实现粒子束方向的修改。
在一些变型中,控制器可以被配置为利用患者MRI数据和粒子束信息来计算在放射疗法期间对患者的剂量沉积。控制器可以被配置为基于所计算的剂量沉积来重新优化放射疗法。
放射疗法系统可以包括剂量测定系统。剂量测定系统可以用于监测对患者的放射疗法。放射疗法系统可以包括包围剂量测定系统的至少一部分的磁屏蔽结构。磁屏蔽结构可以包括多个外壳。多个外壳可以通过环形盘分开。
在一些变型中,放射疗法系统可以包括台架。台架可以被配置成允许从患者周围的不同角度递送粒子束。
在一些变型中,磁共振成像系统可以包括两个分离的主磁体。放射疗法系统可以包括等中心。两个分离的主磁体可以通过多个支撑物分开,所述多个支撑物定位成不比两个分离的主磁体的外边界更远离等中心。
在附图和以下描述中阐述了本文描述的主题的一个或多个变型的细节。根据说明书和附图以及权利要求,本文所述的主题的其他特征和优点将显而易见。虽然出于说明性目的描述了当前公开的主题的某些特征,但应容易理解,这些特征并非旨在进行限制。本公开所附的权利要求旨在限定受保护主题的范围。
附图说明
包含在本说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分的附图示出了本文公开的主题的某些方面,并且与说明书一起帮助解释与所公开的实施相关联的一些原理。在附图中:
图1是示出各种示例性形式的放射疗法在人体组织中的穿透深度的图。
图2是可以通过软件实现的利用MRI数据的粒子放射疗法的放射疗法治疗计划的方法的流程图。
图3是具有与本说明书一致的一个或多个特征的放射疗法系统的图;
图4是具有与本说明书一致的一个或多个特征的放射疗法系统的图;
图5A至5B示出了用于屏蔽例如粒子疗法系统的剂量测定系统的一部分的磁屏蔽系统,上述磁屏蔽系统具有与当前说明书一致的一个或多个特征;和
图6是具有与本说明书一致的一个或多个要素的粒子放射疗法治疗的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
粒子疗法是使用高能粒子束来治疗疾病(例如癌症)的放射疗法的一种形式。粒子束可以对准患者体内的目标,并且可以对目标细胞的DNA和其他重要细胞成分造成损伤,最终导致细胞死亡。癌细胞比非癌细胞具有较低的能力来修复放射损伤,因此特别容易受粒子疗法的影响。根据具体情况,“粒子疗法”有时用于指代利用诸如质子、中子、反质子、介子等的强子的疗法,而其也可以指代利用诸如锂离子、氦离子、碳离子等的离子或核的疗法。通常,利用诸如碳离子之类的离子的疗法被称为“重离子疗法”,但是“轻离子”和“重离子”之间的界线并未精确限定。如本文所使用的,术语粒子疗法、粒子放射疗法、粒子束等指代利用强子以及核(或离子)的疗法。该术语明确地排除了诸如光子疗法或电子束疗法之类的疗法。
图1是示出各种形式的放射疗法在人体组织中的穿透深度的图100。对于给定的能量,与其他放射疗法形式相比,电子束在人体组织中的穿透深度较低(如迹线102所示)。X射线束穿透人体组织的深度大于电子,但是组织吸收的剂量随着X射线的穿透深度而下降,如迹线104所示。粒子疗法束在其范围的末端处将其更多的能量沉积在患者组织中的特定深度处,如迹线108所示。在其范围末端附近的该深度可以称为布拉格峰(Bragg Peak),如108所示。粒子疗法提供的益处是能量较少沉积到目标外的健康组织中,从而减少对健康组织的损伤的可能。另外,与X射线束相比,在布拉格峰之外,沉积的剂量非常少。
在可以进行粒子放射疗法之前,必须产生治疗计划。本公开设想以特定方式使用磁共振成像(MRI)数据来产生治疗计划,该治疗计划将具有与递送给患者的实际剂量紧密匹配并且与期望剂量紧密匹配的预定剂量沉积。还可以采用X射线计算机断层扫描(CT)成像数据来确定例如患者的组织的质量密度和患者的以下区域,所述区域包含低密度和高密度组织或例如肺、空气和骨之类的区域。可以对所有粒子束路径进行分析。
可以采用磁共振成像系统来获得MRI数据,该MRI数据在被分析时可以更准确地确定沿着束路径到达和穿过目标的软组织的类型。然后可以从MRI数据确定粒子相互作用特性,从而允许更准确地确定递送至患者组织和目标的剂量。此外,MRI数据可以更准确地确定粒子束疗法的生物有效性。
本公开设想MRI数据可以与X射线CT数据组合(例如,通过使用可变形图像配准)以提高化学组成和质量密度确定的准确性,并且从而改善粒子疗法剂量的确定。如果X射线CT数据不可用,则可以通过超短回波时间(TE)MR成像来确定包含骨的区域,而可以通过质子密度加权的MR成像来确定肺和空气。
X射线CT非常适合于产生人体中的电子密度图,并且有用于确定由光子束射线疗法递送的剂量,因为光子的主要相互作用概率与电子密度成比例。电子密度也与质量密度密切相关,因为对于人体组织而言,原子序数较低,其中核具有较恒定的中子与质子的比率。CT豪恩斯菲尔德数(Hounsfield number)反映了人体组织对X射线的衰减系数。因此,对于元素组成、元素重量和质量密度的各种组合,豪恩斯菲尔德数可以是相同的,然而,由于图像束硬化效应和其他伪影,测量的豪恩斯菲尔德数可能是不准确的。当使用X射线CT和豪恩斯菲尔德数限定组织时引入的元素组成的不确定性可以导致所确定的粒子束范围误差很大。例如,这种误差例如可以直接导致剂量计算误差,因为需要粒子阻止功率(particlestopping power)来精确地建模沿高能粒子路径的剂量沉积并确定粒子到达其范围末端的位置。阻止功率的不确定性直接转化为布拉格峰108的位置的不确定性,如图1所示,其可能使较大剂量区域移出目标和肿瘤之外,而不能向治疗目标递送有效剂量,而是将粒子放射疗法剂量递送到应该被屏蔽以免接受高剂量粒子射线的健康组织。
当使用MRI系统成像时与X射线CT相比,软组织具有更好的对比度和清晰度。如上所述,X射线CT在确定具有非常不同密度的组织的质量密度以及包含空气或皮质骨的区域的清晰度方面非常出色,这是由于其低或高对比度以及低或高的豪恩斯菲尔德数。但是,许多软组织将具有非常相似的密度,具有非常不同的元素组成。例如,组织可能具有脂肪样(或脂肪质样)性质或水样(或肌肉样)性质,同时具有非常相似的质量密度,因此这难以用X射线CT数据进行区分。X射线CT数据中的图像噪声、伪影和低对比度共同导致使用当前方法经常错误地识别组织类型。在阻止功率、消除任何密度依赖性方面,脂肪样组织(CH2)或水样组织(OH2)之间的阻止功率的差异由O和C之间的原子序数的差异决定。对于高于数十MeV/核子的能量,如在粒子疗法中所使用的,阻止功率的比率是显著的。
利用仅对水或仅对脂肪敏感的脉冲序列获取MRI数据允许通过例如狄克逊法(Dixon method)或夹层回波确定组织的水脂比。然后可以使用在治疗目标附近所确定的水脂比来改善对软组织的元素组成的了解。MRI可以通过在不同时间和/或以不同方式读取激发质子的信号来获得不同的“对比度”(信号根据氢附着的分子的类型而不同地衰减)。因此,可以更好地区分不同的组织类型并利用MRI推断化学组成。
粒子束与其穿过的组织的相互作用(相互作用的频率和类型)取决于许多因素,包括束粒子类型、粒子能量以及组织的质量密度和化学组成。至少对于带电粒子的粒子相互作用包括库仑(Coulomb)相互作用(即电磁相互作用)。库仑相互作用几乎总是导致入射粒子的小能量损失和/或方向上的小偏转。导致束散开的偏转被称为库仑散射。每单位长度的能量损失量可以称为阻止功率。粒子在库仑相互作用中经历的小能量损失是由于组织的原子和分子的电离和激发。这种相互作用的频率决定了沿着粒子路径的电离密度。电离密度越高,细胞损伤的可能性越高。这通常用被称为线性能量转移(LET)的量来测量。
粒子相互作用还包括核相互作用,所述核相互作用没有库仑相互作用频繁但更具灾难性得多。它们倾向于导致核被撞击而分解成碎片(例如,单个质子和中子、氘核、氚核、锂、α等)。这种碎片的类型和数量取决于入射粒子类型和能量,以及被击中的核。核相互作用还留下放射性核,其衰变并沉积额外的剂量。
核相互作用和库仑散射高度依赖于核的原子序数。它们都导致了布拉格峰的扩宽。对于离子,核相互作用也使剂量的尾部沉积在布拉格峰之外。当束路径中存在异质性(例如,空气腔、骨骼)时,库仑散射导致异质性后的复杂剂量沉积结构。
当本文使用术语相互作用特性时,其指代的是相互作用特性的任何组合,诸如上述的库仑相互作用和核相互作用。用于例如治疗计划或放射疗法的实时MRI引导的本公开的优选实施例在确定患者组织中的剂量沉积的位置和数量时将利用尽可能多的相互作用特性。
诸如碳离子之类的“重离子”倾向于对细胞具有比质子更具破坏性的影响。它们的核相互作用碎片具有高LET并且倾向于在相互作用部位周围局部地沉积它们的能量。这是导致碳离子具有比质子高得多的“生物有效性”的主要机制。与光子、电子甚至质子相比,这导致离子在组织中沉积的每单位能量使更多细胞被杀死(或损伤)。沉积在组织中的能量称为吸收剂量,以戈瑞(Gy)测量。由于生物有效性的差异,来自碳离子束的吸收剂量的一个Gy将比光子或电子束的吸收剂量的一个Gy多杀死3-12倍的细胞。
对于粒子束疗法,确定生物有效性对于正确治疗是有益的或甚至是必需的。存在许多不同的方法来确定生物有效性。例如,生物有效剂量(BED)的确定旨在定量地指示特定放射疗法治疗的生物学效应,同时考虑诸如疗法类型、分次剂量、剂量率等许多因素。此外,相对生物有效性(RBE)是将特定疗法模式的吸收剂量与光子疗法的吸收剂量进行比较的比率,其中每个剂量导致相同的生物效应。
对于质子,多年来已假设RBE恒定在约1.1,但是一些人认为这导致次优的计划结果。因为质子的RBE非常接近1.0,忽略执行这样的生物有效性计算可能不会对疗法产生太大的影响,但对于中子、离子、介子等,如果没有考虑到这样的生物有效性计算,RBE要高得多并且可以对疗法产生非常显著的影响。
为了确定生物有效性,需要知道入射束的能谱以及束穿过的材料或组织的相互作用特性。因此,准确了解组织的化学组成对于准确确定生物有效性是绝对必要的。确定入射粒子束已失去其大部分能量(即布拉格峰)的位置也很重要。此外,由于核反应、组织活化、时间剂量分次和细胞损伤对恢复而对剂量分布的贡献可以结合到生物有效性的确定中。由于这些原因,患者MRI数据在确定生物有效性测度中很重要,类似于其在剂量计算和治疗计划中的重要性。
可以类似地利用MRI数据来评估组织元素组成和准确的剂量计算,以便在递送之前评估递送计划的质量。如果要递送的剂量的质量不足,则在组织(setup)时收集的数据可以用于在递送之前重新优化粒子疗法治疗计划。这可以在紧临递送治疗之前,当患者在治疗床上,或在患者到达进行实际治疗之前执行。
图2是可以通过软件实现的利用MRI数据的粒子放射疗法的放射疗法治疗计划的方法200的流程图,该方法具有与本说明书一致的一个或多个特征。可以使用可以是系统控制器的一部分的一个或多个数据处理器来实现软件。该软件可以包括机器可读指令,当由一个或多个数据处理器执行时,该机器可读指令可以使一个或多个数据处理器执行一个或多个操作。
在图2中,在202处,可以接收患者放射疗法处方信息。患者放射疗法处方信息可以包括诸如目标肿瘤所需的最小剂量、附近感兴趣器官被允许的最大剂量等数据。本文描述的患者放射疗法处方信息不旨在是限制性的。在放射疗法治疗计划系统处接收的患者放射疗法处方信息可以包括用于放射疗法治疗计划的典型处方信息。
在204处,可以接收患者MRI数据。在一些变型中,可以从与粒子疗法系统集成在一起的磁共振成像设备接收患者MRI数据。患者MRI数据可以涵盖用于治疗感兴趣的区域,包括例如患者的目标治疗区域和放射疗法束可以穿过并且应该监测其辐射剂量的周围组织。MRI数据可以在治疗之前在与治疗本身不同的位置处获取,或者MRI数据可以在MRI与粒子放射疗法系统集成在一起的治疗台上获取。
在206处,可以确定与粒子束一起使用的放射疗法治疗计划。放射疗法治疗计划可以利用患者放射疗法处方信息并利用患者MRI数据以考虑(account for)粒子束穿过的患者的软组织的相互作用特性。放射疗法治疗计划可以包括例如要使用的束的数量、束将被递送的方向、束的能量、准直器配置等。
放射疗法治疗计划的确定还可以考虑MRI的磁场对粒子束的影响。这涉及包括MRI的强磁场对患者中电离辐射沉积剂量的传输的影响。相互作用横截面不受自旋极化的强烈影响,因为它们与热效应竞争(例如,在体温下,只有大约百万分之四的自旋在1特斯拉磁场内对齐),但是磁场在移动带电粒子上施加外部洛伦兹力,所述外部洛伦兹力可以被考虑以产生更准确的剂量计算。
放射疗法治疗计划的确定还可以包括通过利用患者磁共振成像数据确定由粒子束递送到患者的软组织的剂量的生物有效性。
图3是具有与本说明书一致的一个或多个特征的粒子疗法系统300的图示。为了激励粒子,首先通过粒子加速器302加速粒子。粒子加速器可以是同步加速器、回旋加速器、线性加速器等。同步加速器可以由低能量回旋加速器或低能量线性加速器供给。在任何下游调节之前,粒子束304的能量确定被激励的粒子进入患者306的穿透深度。粒子加速器通常产生具有限定的能量的被激励粒子束。在一些变型中,例如,通过使束穿过衰减介质可以减小粒子的能量。由于次级中子可以增加到患者的不必要剂量,因此优选远离患者来这样做。衰减介质可以是轮或线性驱动器上的楔形材料,其可以旋转以增加或减少能量。通过在束中不施加任何衰减材料来获得最大能量。通过在束中施加最厚量的衰减材料来获得最小值。对于已知材料,可以确定这样的厚度,该厚度将阻止所有被激励粒子到达患者以停止或中断束而不停用系统。
同步加速器还可以配置成通过增加或减少通过同步加速器环中的加速元件的次数来控制束能量。原则上,线性加速器还可以在有限的范围上将加速单元的数量改变为几个固定的能量。使用适当的设备可以实现脉冲到脉冲的能量变化。
在一些变型中,粒子疗法台架(gantry)312可以用于将被激励粒子束304引导至患者306。患者306可以定位在粒子疗法台架312的中心内的床(couch)314上。粒子疗法台架312可以包括台架电磁体316,该台架电磁体配置成通过剂量测定系统318将束引向患者306。
粒子疗法台架312可以配置成旋转以便于以不同角度递送粒子疗法。在一些变型中,粒子疗法台架312可以被配置为旋转360度。可以采用一个或多个滑环以便于将电力递送到设置在粒子疗法台架312上的电磁体其他部件。在一些变型中,粒子疗法台架312可以配置成随着场的旋转而旋转大约360度。在这样的变型中,粒子疗法台架312可以在一个方向上旋转直到其将会旋转到的位置然后在另一方向上回转到它将会旋转到的位置。围绕患者306旋转粒子疗法台架312可以促进以不同角度将被激励粒子束304递送到目标,从而改善使健康组织幸免和治疗计划质量。
粒子疗法台架312可以包括扫描束磁体320。扫描束磁体320可以包括例如成对的电磁体。电磁体对可以布置成使它们的磁场在彼此正交的平面中。扫描束磁体320可以被配置为操纵被激励粒子束304的方向。在一些变型中,扫描束磁体320可以被配置为在扫描运动中横过患者的治疗目标来回引导激励粒子束。
在一些变型中,系统可以包括固定的束线(beamline)322。固定的束线322可以被配置成通过剂量测定系统318将被激励粒子直接递送给患者,而不需要台架。该系统还可以包括一个或多个扫描束电磁体320,其被配置为修改固定线束的被激励粒子的方向。
粒子疗法系统还可以包括散射器。散射器可以被配置成使被激励粒子束304向外散射。该系统还可以包含束摇摆器(wobbler)或光栅(raster)扫描机构以使束扩展开。该系统还可以包括准直器。准直器可以是包括多个薄金属叶片的多叶准直器。薄金属叶片可以是可移动的,其位置可以由计算机控制。薄金属叶片可以被配置成吸收高能粒子。薄金属叶片可以通过控制器布置,使得它们形成的孔(aperture)的形状与患者体内的目标互补。以这种方式,准直器可以有助于屏蔽目标周围的健康组织,同时允许被激励粒子穿透到目标。在一些变型中,可以使用切成永久形状的准直器。类似地,团块(bolus)可以定位在被激励粒子束304的路径中,其可以由对被激励粒子半穿透的材料形成,并且可以被切割以补充肿瘤的形状。
图4是具有与本公开一致的一个或多个特征的放射疗法递送系统400的图示。粒子疗法递送系统400可以具有与图3中所示的系统300的元件类似的一个或多个元件。根据本公开的放射疗法系统400可以包括:用于经由粒子束向患者递送放射疗法的粒子疗法递送系统;被配置为在放射疗法期间获得患者磁共振成像(MRI)数据的磁共振成像系统402;以及控制器424,其被配置为在放射疗法期间接收患者MRI数据并利用患者MRI数据来执行粒子束的剂量沉积位置的实时计算,该计算考虑了粒子束穿过的患者软组织的相互作用特性。
粒子疗法递送系统400可以具有分离磁体(split magnet)MRI 402。分离磁体MRI402可以包括两个分离的主磁体404和406。放射疗法系统可以包括等中心407。两个分离的主磁体404和406可以被多个支撑物408分离。多个支撑物408可以定位成不比两个分离的主磁体404和406的外边界更远离等中心407。尽管两个分离的主磁体404和406均被称为单个磁体,但是该术语不旨在是限制性的。为了获得患者的MRI数据,两个分离的主磁体404和406均可包括多个磁体。
仅用于说明目的,图4中示出了分离的MRI系统。使用的MRI系统可以是任何类型的MRI系统。例如,主磁体可以包括垂直开口磁体、短孔磁体、具有入口或薄壁部分的磁体等。
床410可以设置在分离的MRI系统402内。分离的MRI系统402可以被配置成通过两个分离的主磁体404和406的内部孔在床410上接收患者412。
分离磁体MRI系统402、床410和患者412都可以设置在粒子疗法台架内,例如图3中所示的台架312。粒子疗法台架可以被配置为绕患者412旋转,以从多个角度向患者递送粒子疗法。
多个支撑物408可以设置在两个主MRI磁体404和406之间,并且定位在两个主MRI磁体404和406的外周边内,以便不进一步增加MRI系统的总直径。作为示例,该系统可以包括绕两个主MRI磁体404和406以相等角度间隔开的三个支撑物408。可以操作该系统,使得粒子束被引向分离磁体之间的患者并且是以使得其不会穿过任何支撑物408这样的方式。
该系统可以被配置为便于将被激励粒子递送到患者,使得被激励粒子被引导到两个主MRI磁体404和406之间的间隙419中。
粒子疗法递送系统400可以包括剂量测定系统416,用于监测对患者的放射疗法。剂量测定系统416还可以包括一个或多个部件,以便于向患者递送粒子疗法,例如,通过向控制器提供反馈。
粒子疗法递送系统400可以包括一个或多个磁屏蔽结构420,其可以例如包围剂量测定系统的至少一部分。磁屏蔽结构420可以配置成容纳电子设备,如果不是这样的话该电子设备将受到由主MRI磁体404和406产生的磁场的不利影响。
图5A至5B示出了用于屏蔽粒子疗法递送系统的剂量测定系统502的至少一部分的示例性磁屏蔽结构500,其具有与本公开一致的一个或多个特征。磁屏蔽结构500可以包括多个外壳。多个外壳可以由一系列同心屏蔽件形成,所述同心屏蔽件被配置为屏蔽由图4中所示的分离磁体MRI系统402产生的磁场。同心屏蔽件可以配置成包围剂量测定系统502的至少一部分。
磁屏蔽结构500可以包括第一屏蔽容器504。第一屏蔽容器504可以包括圆柱形主体部分506和横跨圆柱形主体部分的一端设置的环形盘508。环形盘508可以包括孔510,以允许粒子不受阻碍地通过。在一些变型中,第一屏蔽容器504可以具有大约十七英寸的直径。可以选择第一屏蔽容器504的直径以充分容纳剂量测定系统502的至少一部分组件。
磁屏蔽结构500可以包括多个外壳。例如图5B中的504、512和514等。多个外壳504、512、514可以嵌套在一起。多个外壳中的至少一个优选地包括环形盘516、518等。
磁屏蔽结构500可以相对于分离磁体MRI系统402定位在固定位置,或者可以配置成与台架一起旋转,例如图3中所示的台架312。一个或多个结构可以设置在分离磁体MRI系统402的对面或周围,并且被配置为模拟磁屏蔽结构500的磁特性,以便最小化对MRI的磁场的同质性(homogeneity)的干扰。
图4中所示的粒子疗法递送系统400可以包括控制器424。控制器424可以配置成与如图3所示的粒子疗法递送系统300电子通信,并且从如图4所示的系统400接收数据并控制系统400。控制器424还可以被配置为从分离磁体MRI系统402接收患者MRI数据并控制分离磁体MRI系统402。
控制器424可以被配置为利用患者MRI数据和粒子束信息来计算在放射疗法期间对患者的剂量沉积。患者MRI数据以及关于粒子束的信息可以用于计算剂量随时间推移沉积到患者组织中的位置和程度。可以累积实际剂量沉积,使得在特定治疗分次之后可以知道总剂量。该信息可以用于在随后的治疗分次之前重新优化治疗计划。
此外,所计算的实时剂量沉积信息可用于在治疗递送期间改善或重新优化放射疗法治疗计划。控制器424可以被配置为利用软件来执行剂量沉积位置的实时计算。该软件可以包括机器可读指令。控制器424可以包括被配置为执行机器可读指令的一个或多个数据处理器。由数据处理器执行机器可读指令可以使数据处理器执行一个或多个操作,例如本公开中描述的一个或多个操作。
控制器424可以被配置为利用所接收的MRI数据计算粒子束相对于治疗目标的位置的布拉格峰。控制器424还可以被配置为在确定束的布拉格峰相对于治疗目标没有正确定位的情况下修改治疗束。
如关于治疗计划所讨论的,由于MRI能够区分脂肪样组织和水样组织,所述实时MRI数据可以用于确定患者体内脂肪样组织和水样组织的位置。可以确定穿过患者的束路径的水组织与脂肪组织比率,以在患者正在进行治疗时实时确定患者组织的相互作用特性。
可以实时生成粒子相互作用特性图以增加剂量和范围计算的准确性。在治疗患者时实时确定患者组织与高能粒子的相互作用特性可以促进粒子疗法的递送的更高准确性和有效性。具有相对于治疗目标的布拉格峰位置的更准确图像可以允许更准确地定位布拉格峰。这有助于增加对目标的放射疗法剂量,而不会增加放射健康的周围组织的风险。
如上所述,控制器424还可以被配置成在计算剂量沉积的位置时确定磁共振成像系统的磁场对粒子束的影响。
控制器424可进一步配置成通过利用患者磁共振成像数据确定由粒子束递送到软组织的剂量的生物有效性。
实时提供的MRI数据还可以有助于确定组织的精确位置和/或速度以及组织轨迹的预测。该信息还可以用于提供治疗目标将处于的位置的预测,使得控制器424可以使系统400将粒子束递送到该位置。
控制器424可以被配置为如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量沉积发生在目标之外则中断粒子束。治疗目标的位置可以从治疗计划阶段期间获得的MRI数据确定。在治疗时,由于患者解剖结构的变化,目标的位置可能已经改变。例如,重量减轻、饱胃、气体等可能在对患者成像和向患者递送治疗之间引起治疗目标的位置的相对变化。由于至少一部分治疗目标未被照射和/或健康组织被粒子束损伤,这增加了治疗效果较差的风险。此外,患者的自主或不自主运动(例如坐立不安、呼吸、气体运动等)可能导致治疗区域的位置在向患者递送粒子疗法期间移动。剂量沉积位置的实时计算可以用于使控制器424确定剂量是否正在其预期目标处沉积或剂量是否偏离目标。如果剂量偏离目标,则控制器424可以中断粒子束以避免对健康组织的放射剂量。控制器424可以保持束中断,直到所计算的剂量沉积位置再次与目标重合。
控制器424可以被配置为如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示沉积发生在目标之外,则调整粒子束的能量。如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量偏离目标,特别是如果剂量简单地是沉积够不到目标或超出目标,则控制器可以配置为增加或减少粒子束的能量,使得剂量沉积的位置将再次与目标重合。粒子束的能量可以在源处或源的下游处进行修改。
控制器424可以被配置为利用患者MRI数据和剂量沉积位置的实时计算来修改粒子束的方向以跟踪目标。如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量偏离目标,特别是如果束的瞄准横向(而不是深度)偏离目标,则控制器可以配置为修改粒子束的方向使得剂量沉积的位置再次与目标重合。例如,放射疗法系统400可以包括偏转磁体426,有时称为弯曲磁体或扫描束磁体。可以通过偏转磁体修改粒子束的方向,以使用磁力来偏转束的轨迹。偏转磁体通常是电磁铁,其中由电磁体产生的磁力的强度可以通过在电磁体上施加变化量的电流来修改。
图6是可以通过软件实现的利用MRI数据的粒子放射疗法的放射疗法治疗的方法600的流程图,该方法具有与本说明书一致的一个或多个特征。可以使用一个或多个数据处理器来实现该软件。该软件可以包括机器可读指令,当由一个或多个数据处理器执行时,该机器可读指令可以使一个或多个数据处理器执行一个或多个操作。方法600是如本文所讨论的可以由控制器424执行的操作的示例。
在602处,可以接收用于利用粒子束对患者进行放射疗法治疗的放射疗法束信息。放射疗法束信息可以包括粒子束的一个或多个特性。一个或多个特性可以包括粒子束的穿透能力的指示、粒子束的扩散特性、粒子束的数量等。
在604处,可以在放射疗法治疗期间接收患者磁共振成像(MRI)数据。
在606处,可以利用患者MRI数据来执行粒子束的剂量沉积位置的实时计算,该计算考虑了粒子束穿过的患者的软组织的相互作用特性,如本文所讨论。如上所述,在执行剂量沉积位置的实时计算时,还可以考虑由MRI系统产生的磁场对粒子束的影响。并且,通过利用患者磁共振成像数据确定由粒子束递送到软组织的剂量的生物有效性也可以结合实时剂量计算执行。
在608处,如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示沉积发生在目标之外,则可以中断粒子束。
在一些变型中,如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示沉积发生在目标之外,则可以调节粒子束的能量。在其他变型中,可以利用患者MRI数据并且实时计算剂量沉积的位置以修改粒子束的方向以便跟踪目标。
虽然本文已经以其各自性能描述了组件,但是将容易理解,单独描述的组件的功能可以归属于一个或多个其他组件,或者可以分成单独的组件。本公开不旨在限制本文描述的确切变化,而是旨在涵盖当前描述的主题的所有实施方式。
在以上的描述和权利要求中,可以出现诸如之后有元素或特征的联合列表的“至少一个”或“一个或多个”之类的短语。术语“和/或”也可以出现在两个或更多个元素或特征的列表中。除非另外隐含地或明确地与其使用的上下文相矛盾,否则这样的短语旨在单独地表示任何列出的元素或特征,或者与任何其他列举的元素或特征组合的任何所述元素或特征。例如,短语“A和B中的至少一个;”、“A和B中的一个或多个;”和“A和/或B”各自旨在表示“A单独、B单独或A和B一起”。类似的解释也旨在用于包括三个或更多项目的列表。例如,短语“A、B和C中的至少一个;”、“A、B和C中的一个或多个;”和“A,B和/或C”均旨在表示“单独A、单独B、单独C、A和B一起、A和C一起、B和C一起、或A和B和C一起”。在以上的描述和在权利要求中使用术语“基于”意指“至少部分地基于”,使得未被引用的特征或元素也是允许的。
本文描述的主题可以根据期望的配置体现在系统、装置、方法和/或物品中。在前面的描述中阐述的实施不代表与本文描述的主题一致的所有实施。相反,它们仅仅是与涉及所描述的主题的方面一致的一些示例。尽管上面已经详细描述了一些变化,但是其他修改或添加也是可行的。特别地,除了本文所述的那些之外,还可以提供进一步的特征和/或变化。例如,上述的实施可以针对所公开的特征的各种组合和子组合和/或以上公开的若干其他特征的组合和子组合。另外,在附图中描绘和/或在本文描述的逻辑流程不一定需要所示的特定顺序或顺序次序来实现期望的结果。其他实施可以在所附的权利要求的范围内。
Claims (29)
1.一种存储指令的非暂时性计算机程序产品,所述指令在由形成至少一个计算系统的一部分的至少一个可编程处理器执行时使所述至少一个可编程处理器执行包括以下操作的操作:
接收患者放射疗法处方信息;
接收患者磁共振成像(MRI)数据;和,
利用所述患者放射疗法处方信息并利用所述患者MRI数据来确定与粒子束一起使用的放射疗法治疗计划,以考虑所述粒子束穿过的软组织的相互作用特性。
2.根据权利要求1所述的计算机程序产品,还包括考虑由MRI系统产生的磁场对所述粒子束的影响。
3.根据权利要求1所述的计算机程序产品,其中,确定所述放射疗法计划还包括通过利用所述患者磁共振成像数据确定由所述粒子束递送到所述软组织的剂量的生物有效性。
4.根据权利要求1所述的计算机程序产品,还包括接收x射线计算机断层扫描数据,并且其中,确定放射疗法治疗计划还利用所述x射线计算机断层扫描数据。
5.根据权利要求1所述的计算机程序产品,其中,从与粒子放射疗法系统集成在一起的磁共振成像设备接收所述患者磁共振成像数据。
6.一种存储指令的非暂时性计算机程序产品,所述指令在由形成至少一个计算系统的一部分的至少一个可编程处理器执行时使所述至少一个可编程处理器执行包括以下操作的操作:
接收用于利用粒子束对患者进行放射疗法治疗的放射疗法束信息;
在所述放射疗法治疗期间接收患者磁共振成像(MRI)数据;和,
利用所述患者MRI数据来执行所述粒子束的剂量沉积位置的实时计算,该计算考虑了所述粒子束穿过的软组织的相互作用特性。
7.根据权利要求6所述的计算机程序产品,还包括在执行剂量沉积位置的实时计算时考虑由MRI系统产生的磁场对所述粒子束的影响。
8.根据权利要求6所述的计算机程序产品,还包括:
如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量沉积发生在目标之外,则中断所述粒子束。
9.根据权利要求6所述的计算机程序产品,还包括:
如果剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量沉积发生在目标之外,则调整所述粒子束的能量。
10.根据权利要求6所述的计算机程序产品,还包括:
利用所述患者MRI数据和所述剂量沉积位置的实时计算来修改所述粒子束的方向以便跟踪目标。
11.根据权利要求10所述的计算机程序产品,还包括:
通过偏转磁体修改所述粒子束的方向。
12.根据权利要求6所述的计算机程序产品,还包括:
利用所述患者MRI数据和所述放射疗法束信息来计算在所述放射疗法治疗期间对患者的累积剂量沉积。
13.根据权利要求6所述的计算机程序产品,其中,所述剂量沉积位置的实时计算包括通过利用所述患者磁共振成像数据确定由所述粒子束递送给软组织的剂量的生物有效性。
14.根据权利要求12所述的计算机程序产品,还包括:
基于所计算的剂量沉积重新优化所述放射疗法治疗。
15.一种放射疗法系统,包括:
粒子疗法递送系统,用于通过粒子束向患者递送放射疗法;
磁共振成像系统,被配置为在放射疗法期间获得患者磁共振成像(MRI)数据;和
控制器,被配置为在放射疗法期间接收所述患者MRI数据并利用所述患者MRI数据来执行所述粒子束的剂量沉积位置的实时计算,该计算考虑了所述粒子束穿过的软组织的相互作用特性。
16.根据权利要求15所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为如果所述剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示沉积发生在目标之外,则中断所述粒子束。
17.根据权利要求15所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为在计算剂量沉积的位置时确定所述磁共振成像系统的磁场对所述粒子束的影响。
18.根据权利要求15所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为通过利用所述患者磁共振成像数据来确定由所述粒子束递送到所述软组织的剂量的生物有效性。
19.根据权利要求15所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为如果所述剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量沉积发生在目标之外,则中断所述粒子束。
20.根据权利要求15所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为如果所述剂量沉积位置的实时计算指示剂量沉积发生在目标之外,则调节所述粒子束的能量。
21.根据权利要求15所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为利用所述患者MRI数据和所述剂量沉积位置的实时计算来修改所述粒子束的方向以便跟踪目标。
22.根据权利要求21所述的放射疗法系统,还包括偏转磁体,并且其中,通过所述偏转磁体实现所述粒子束的方向的修改。
23.根据权利要求15所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为利用所述患者MRI数据和粒子束信息来计算在所述放射疗法期间对所述患者的剂量沉积。
24.根据权利要求23所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述控制器还被配置为基于所计算的剂量沉积来重新优化所述放射疗法。
25.根据权利要求15所述的放射疗法系统,还包括:
用于监测对患者的所述放射疗法的剂量测定系统;和,
包围所述剂量测定系统的至少一部分的磁屏蔽结构。
26.根据权利要求25所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述磁屏蔽结构包括多个外壳。
27.根据权利要求25所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述多个外壳中的至少一个由环形盘分开。
28.根据权利要求15所述的放射疗法系统,还包括:
台架,所述台架被配置成允许从患者周围的不同角度递送所述粒子束。
29.根据权利要求28所述的放射疗法系统,其中,所述磁共振成像系统包括两个分离的主磁体,并且所述放射疗法系统包括等中心,并且其中,所述两个分离的主磁体由多个支撑物分开,所述多个支撑物定位成不比所述两个分离的主磁体的外边界更远离所述等中心。
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JP2019506972A (ja) | 2019-03-14 |
US10413751B2 (en) | 2019-09-17 |
WO2017151662A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
CN118750795A (zh) | 2024-10-11 |
US20200001115A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
US11351398B2 (en) | 2022-06-07 |
JP2022070914A (ja) | 2022-05-13 |
US12017090B2 (en) | 2024-06-25 |
CA3016026A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
US20170252577A1 (en) | 2017-09-07 |
EP3423153A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
EP3423153B1 (en) | 2021-05-19 |
US20220305289A1 (en) | 2022-09-29 |
KR20180120705A (ko) | 2018-11-06 |
JP7066621B2 (ja) | 2022-05-13 |
AU2017227590A1 (en) | 2018-08-30 |
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