CN106689823B - A kind of lady beetle larvae feeding feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of lady beetle larvae feeding feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106689823B CN106689823B CN201611008651.0A CN201611008651A CN106689823B CN 106689823 B CN106689823 B CN 106689823B CN 201611008651 A CN201611008651 A CN 201611008651A CN 106689823 B CN106689823 B CN 106689823B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract 4
- 241000255749 Coccinellidae Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract 11
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 241000199694 Harmonia axyridis Species 0.000 claims abstract 6
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N all-trans beta-carotene Natural products CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C(/C)=C/C=C/C=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-UKMVMLAPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 5
- TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N beta-carotene Natural products CC(=C/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C=C(C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)C=CC=C(/C)C=CC2=CCCCC2(C)C TUPZEYHYWIEDIH-WAIFQNFQSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 235000013734 beta-carotene Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000011648 beta-carotene Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 229960002747 betacarotene Drugs 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract 5
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 5
- OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N β-Carotene Chemical compound CC=1CCCC(C)(C)C=1\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C(\C)=C\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C OENHQHLEOONYIE-JLTXGRSLSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 5
- CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,4-Hexadienoic acid, potassium salt (1:1), (2E,4E)- Chemical compound [K+].CC=CC=CC([O-])=O CHHHXKFHOYLYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 229940069338 potassium sorbate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 235000010241 potassium sorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000004302 potassium sorbate Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 claims abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 241000721621 Myzus persicae Species 0.000 abstract 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种异色瓢虫幼虫饲养饲料及其制备方法，按照质量组份由猪肝粉15份、酵母粉1.5份、蔗糖3份、蜂蜜1.5份、亚麻油1份、橄榄油1.5份、β‑胡萝卜素0.4份～0.5份和山梨酸钾0.02份～0.03份组成。所述制备方法包括：将猪肝粉通过双层纱网，去除较大的颗粒；将15份获得的猪肝粉与1.5份酵母粉混合均匀；将蔗糖，蜂蜜与山梨酸钾充分溶于水中；将β‑胡萝卜素溶于亚麻油+橄榄油中；将各部分混合，加入水充分搅拌获得糊状饲料；将获得的人工饲料分装到1.5ml离心管中。本发明的饲料异色瓢虫幼虫喜好取食，饲料保质期长；获得的幼虫对害虫桃蚜有很高的捕食量，获得的成虫取食桃蚜后具有较高的繁殖力。
The invention discloses a feeding feed for the larvae of H. axyridis and a preparation method thereof. According to the mass components, 15 parts of pork liver powder, 1.5 parts of yeast powder, 3 parts of sucrose, 1.5 parts of honey, 1 part of linseed oil and 1.5 parts of olive oil are included. part, 0.4 part to 0.5 part of β-carotene and 0.02 part to 0.03 part of potassium sorbate. The preparation method includes: passing the pig liver powder through a double-layer gauze to remove larger particles; mixing 15 parts of the obtained pig liver powder and 1.5 parts of yeast powder evenly; fully dissolving sucrose, honey and potassium sorbate in water ; Dissolve β-carotene in linseed oil + olive oil; mix each part, add water and stir well to obtain paste feed; divide the obtained artificial feed into 1.5ml centrifuge tubes. The larvae of H. axyridis of the invention like to feed, and the feed has a long shelf life; the obtained larvae have high predation on the pest Myzus persicae, and the obtained adults have high fecundity after feeding on the Myzus persicae.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of insect breeding, and particularly relates to a feed for breeding harmonia axyridis larvae and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Currently, biological control is one of the most environmentally friendly pest control methods. With the rapid emergence of pest resistance to drugs, pesticide residues and unprecedented attention to food safety, biological control methods are also increasingly accepted and valued. In the past decades, some success has been achieved in controlling pests through the release of natural enemies on a large scale. The green peach aphid belongs to hemiptera, is a wide-feeding pest, and can be used for killing various fruit trees such as pears, peaches and plums, and various vegetable crops such as cabbages, cabbages and hot peppers. The green peach aphids have short life cycle and strong fertility, and can cause damage to plants in various ways such as sucking plant-eating juice, secreting honeydew to cause sooty mildew, spreading virus diseases and the like. The harmonia axyridis belongs to the order of Coleoptera, the family of ladybirds, and originates in the areas of Miyaya and east Asia, and is an important natural predator insect with omnivory, whitefly, scale insect and other small insects. In addition, the harmonia axyridis is large in body, large in predation amount, strong in environmental adaptability and easy to feed, and is a predatory natural enemy with great utilization value. Artificial mass rearing is an important basis for application of natural enemies, and the traditional rearing method mainly depends on natural prey. This plant-pest-natural enemy feeding system is extremely space and labor demanding, costly, and often difficult to maintain continuously. In the practice of mass rearing of predatory natural enemies, the use of artificial feed or alternative food in place of natural prey is an important method. Various alternative foods such as lepidopteran eggs or larvae have proven to be effective, but are still limited in use due to their high cost. The cost can be further reduced and the application range can be enlarged by developing the artificial feed which can completely remove insect components. At present, most of predatory natural enemy feeds are semi-fluid feeds prepared by homogenizing fresh pork liver, but the feeds are sticky due to the fact that the pork liver homogenate is mixed with other substances such as sugar and the like, and a layer of hard membranous substance is easily formed on the surface of the feeds after the feeds are air-dried for about one day. In the process of feeding predatory natural enemies with the artificial feed, the low-age larvae are easy to stick to kill, and the feeding of the feed is influenced after a certain time. The survival rate of such feeds for raising harmonia axyridis larvae is generally not high (generally only 10-20%). Therefore, the development of new feed formula and physical properties thereof play an important role in improving the feeding efficiency. In addition, the feeding efficiency of the artificial feed cannot be completely the same as that of natural preys, so the application potential of the artificial feed is reasonably evaluated, and the feeding of the harmonia axyridis has important value for reducing the feeding cost and improving the feeding efficiency so as to meet the maximum economic benefit and ecological efficiency. The harmonia axyridis larvae are an important stage for releasing and controlling pests and need to be released in a large scale; while adults are mainly used to breed to maintain and expand ladybug populations, relatively small numbers are satisfactory. Thus providing important reference for breeding the harmonia axyridis larvae by using artificial feed in practice.
In conclusion, the existing feed has high cost and low feeding efficiency, and cannot realize the maximum economic benefit and ecological efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feed for breeding harmonia axyridis larvae and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the existing feed is high in cost, low in breeding efficiency and incapable of realizing the maximum economic benefit and ecological efficiency.
The harmonia axyridis larva breeding feed is prepared from 15 parts of pig liver powder, 1.5 parts of yeast powder, 3 parts of cane sugar, 1.5 parts of honey, 1 part of linseed oil, 1.5 parts of olive oil, 0.4-0.5 part of beta-carotene and 0.02-0.03 part of potassium sorbate according to mass components.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the harmonia axyridis larva breeding feed, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, removing larger particles from pork liver powder through a double-layer gauze with 100 meshes to obtain superfine pork liver powder;
step two, uniformly mixing 15 parts of the obtained pork liver powder with 1.5 parts of yeast powder;
fully dissolving 3 parts of cane sugar, 1.5 parts of honey and 0.02-0.03 part of potassium sorbate in 15 parts of water;
dissolving 0.4-0.5 part of beta-carotene into 1 part of linseed oil and 1.5 parts of olive oil; dissolving beta-carotene in oleum Lini and oleum Olivarum by ultrasonic treatment for 2 min;
step five, mixing the parts obtained in the step two, the step three and the step four, adding 10 parts of water, and fully stirring to obtain pasty feed;
and step six, subpackaging the obtained artificial feed into 1.5ml centrifuge tubes.
Further, the feed for breeding the harmonia axyridis larvae is replaced every 2 to 3 days.
The invention also aims to provide the harmonia axyridis bred by the feed for breeding the harmonia axyridis larvae.
According to the feed for breeding the harmonia axyridis larvae and the preparation method thereof, the feed contains main nutrient substances required by the harmonia axyridis larvae, is rich in nutrition and reasonable in component matching; pork liver powder, yeast powder, cane sugar, honey, linseed oil and olive oil provide substances such as protein, lipid, carbohydrate, cholesterol, amino acid, vitamin and the like required by growth and development of the harmonia axyridis larvae; beta-carotene is used as the main source of carotenoid to improve the oxidation resistance of larvae; the potassium sorbate as an important preservative can greatly prolong the shelf life of the feed and simultaneously provide mineral element K + necessary for the growth and development of the harmonia axyridis.
The feed disclosed by the invention is favored by the harmonia axyridis larvae to take, has a long quality guarantee period (the feed cannot deteriorate after being stored at low temperature for 2-3 months or placed at room temperature for 2-3 days), and can be used for indoor large-scale breeding of the harmonia axyridis larvae (the survival rate from 1 to 4 ages is more than 80%); the adult has higher fertility after eating the myzus persicae (the difference between the antenatal period, the egg laying amount and the egg hatching rate of the adult which is bred by the natural prey for comparison is not large). Thus, the feed of the invention can be used for feeding larvae for direct release applications or for obtaining adults to maintain and expand the population size of harmonia axyridis. The raw materials required by the feed are common commodities, are convenient and easy to obtain and have low cost; the components are uniformly mixed when the feed is prepared, and the method is simple and does not need complex procedures and a large amount of instruments and equipment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the preparation method of the feed for breeding the harmonia axyridis larvae.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The following detailed description of the principles of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings.
The feed for raising harmonia axyridis larvae provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises 15 parts of pork liver powder, 1.5 parts of yeast powder, 3 parts of cane sugar, 1.5 parts of honey, 1 part of linseed oil, 1.5 parts of olive oil, 0.4-0.5 part of beta-carotene and 0.02-0.03 part of potassium sorbate according to the mass components.
As shown in figure 1, the preparation method of the feed for breeding the harmonia axyridis larvae, provided by the embodiment of the invention, comprises the following steps:
s101: removing larger particles from the pork liver powder by a double-layer gauze with 100 meshes to obtain superfine pork liver powder;
s102: mixing 15 parts of the obtained pork liver powder and 1.5 parts of yeast powder uniformly;
s103: fully dissolving 3 parts of cane sugar, 1.5 parts of honey and 0.02-0.03 part of potassium sorbate in 15 parts of water;
s104: dissolving 0.4-0.5 part of beta-carotene in 1 part of linseed oil and 1.5 parts of olive oil; dissolving beta-carotene in oleum Lini and oleum Olivarum by ultrasonic treatment for 2 min;
s105: mixing the parts obtained in the steps S102, S103 and S104, adding 10 parts of water, and fully stirring to obtain a pasty feed;
s106: the obtained artificial feed is subpackaged into 1.5ml centrifuge tubes.
The feed for breeding the harmonia axyridis larvae provided by the embodiment of the invention is replaced every 2-3 days.
The application of the principles of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
(1) Preparing pork liver powder: directly purchasing pork liver powder (commercial product of complementary food for infants), passing the pork liver powder through a double-layer 100-mesh gauze to obtain superfine pork liver powder, and storing in a refrigerator at-20 deg.C for later use.
(2) Preparation of beta-carotene solution: adding 0.45g beta-carotene into a 10ml centrifuge tube containing 1g linseed oil and 1.5g olive oil, placing the centrifuge tube in an ultrasonic cleaner for 2min, and fully dissolving the beta-carotene.
(3) 3g of sucrose, 1.5g of honey and 0.02g of potassium sorbate are added into a container containing 15ml of sterile water and stirred to be fully dissolved.
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing 15g of the pork liver powder prepared in the step (1), 1.5g of yeast powder, 10ml of sterile water and the solution obtained in the step (2) and the step (3).
(5) Subpackaging the artificial feed for harmonia axyridis obtained in the step (4) into 1.5ml centrifuge tubes, and storing in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃.
(6) Taking out a proper amount of the artificial feed (5) which is subpackaged according to the needs of the breeding population.
Example 2
(1) Preparing pork liver powder: cleaning impurities on the surface of fresh pork liver, slightly drying, cutting pork liver into small pieces, placing into an iron plate paved with tin foil paper, then transferring into a blast constant-temperature oven, setting the temperature at 65 ℃, and taking out after 48 hours. And (4) putting the fully dried pork liver blocks into a grinder to be ground into powder. Passing the obtained hepar Sus Domestica powder through double-layer 100 mesh gauze to obtain superfine hepar Sus Domestica powder, and storing in refrigerator at-20 deg.C.
(2) Preparation of beta-carotene solution: 0.45g of beta-carotene was added to a 10ml centrifuge tube containing 1g of linseed oil and 1.5g of olive oil, and placed in an ultrasonic cleaner for 2min to sufficiently dissolve the beta-carotene.
(3) 3g of sucrose, 1.5g of honey and 0.02g of potassium sorbate are added into a container containing 15ml of sterile water and stirred to be fully dissolved.
(4) And (3) uniformly mixing 15g of pork liver powder prepared in the step (1), 1.5g of yeast powder, 10ml of sterile water and the solution obtained in the step (2) and the step (3).
(5) Subpackaging the artificial feed for harmonia axyridis obtained in the step (4) into 1.5ml centrifuge tubes, and storing in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 20 ℃.
(6) Taking out a proper amount of the artificial feed (5) which is subpackaged according to the needs of the breeding population.
The effect of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the experiments.
And (3) determining the effect of the artificial feed: (1) obtaining the harmonia axyridis larvae: in the indoor harmonia axyridis population bred by the myzus persicae, egg masses and pepper leaves are cut off together, the eggs are incubated under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 60% relative humidity, and 1-year-old larvae after one day of incubation are used for determination.
(2) The 75 first instar larvae are fed with the artificial feed, 30 first instar larvae are fed with the natural prey myzus persicae as a control, the instar and survival condition of the ladybug are recorded every day, and the results are shown in the table I.
(3) 10 pairs of new feather imagoes fed by the artificial feed and the natural prey green peach aphid are paired and fed by the green peach aphid, the egg laying condition of female insects is observed and recorded every day, and eggs are taken out until larvae are hatched. And (5) counting the average egg laying amount of each female in 10 days and the egg hatching rate in the early egg laying period, wherein the results are shown in a table II.
(4) Respectively transferring 20 larvae of 4 th instar bred by the artificial feed and the natural prey myzus persicae to pepper plants inoculated with 120 larvae of myzus persicae, and counting the predation amount within 12h, wherein the results are shown in a second table.
As can be seen from the table I, after the ladybug larvae eat the artificial feed, the survival rate of the ladybug larvae from 1 st to 2, 3 and 4 th is higher, and the survival rate is not much different from that of the ladybug larvae fed by the control myzus persicae. As can be seen from the table II, the predation amount of the 4 th larvae on the peach aphids on the plant of the harmonia axyridis obtained from the artificial feed is less than that of the larvae fed by the control peach aphids, but the difference is small; the spawning prophase and the egg hatching rate of the adult after eating the green peach aphids have no obvious difference from the adult fed by the green peach aphids as a contrast, the egg laying amount is relatively low, but the average egg laying amount per day is still close to 30, and the reproductive capacity is high. The above results are combined to show that the feed of the invention can be used for raising the larvae of the harmonia axyridis for directly releasing and controlling the myzus persicae or as a substitute food for the larval stage to be raised to adults for maintaining and expanding the population under the condition of shortage of indoor natural preys.
Watch 1
Watch two
The data listed in the table are mean ± sem, with the same letter in the same column indicating no significant difference and the different letter in the same column indicating significant difference.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
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| CN107156547A (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2017-09-15 | 广州禾立田生物科技有限公司 | A kind of feed of artificial breeding natural enemy ladybug |
| CN107455617A (en) * | 2017-09-29 | 2017-12-12 | 天津拓华生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of man-made feeds of harmonia axyridia and preparation method thereof |
| CN107912388A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-17 | 重庆昇顺科技有限公司 | A kind of method that big Propylaea japonica is raised using English walnut leaf beetle |
| CN109042542B (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-07-03 | 山东农业大学 | Method for breeding propylaea japonica by using semi-artificial feed |
| CN109258578B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2023-12-05 | 北京阔野田园生物技术有限公司 | Indoor industrial breeding method for ladybug larvae |
| CN109527277A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-29 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of feed of Adult Coccinella Septempunctata and preparation method thereof |
| CN109527278A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-03-29 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of feed of the larvae of ladybeetle and preparation method thereof |
| CN109770120A (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2019-05-21 | 夏鹏亮 | A kind of artificial feed for harmonia axyridis formula and its preparation method |
| CN110169492B (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2022-02-11 | 中国计量大学 | Artificial feed for harmonia axyridis larvae as well as preparation method and application of artificial feed |
| CN110447792A (en) * | 2019-08-02 | 2019-11-15 | 西北农林科技大学 | The Larva Harmonia Axyridis feed and preparation method thereof of adjustable functional leaves ratio |
| CN110742213A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-02-04 | 杭州师范大学 | Synergistic artificial feed formula for harmonia axyridis and preparation method |
| CN111528370A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-14 | 海南大学 | Artificial feed for adult ladybug in Juniperus siyagi |
| CN113367254B (en) * | 2021-06-22 | 2023-10-17 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Composition for feeding ladybug, preparation method thereof and feed |
| CN114921477B (en) * | 2022-06-14 | 2023-05-16 | 西南大学 | Brown orange aphid carotenoid oxygenase gene and dsRNA thereof |
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| CN104605205A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-13 | 华中农业大学 | Artificial feed for harmonia axyridis larvae and preparation method thereof |
| CN105815614A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-08-03 | 北京市农林科学院 | Feed for raising Harmonia axyridis larvae |
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| CN101707990B (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-11-16 | 宁夏农林科学院 | Artificial propagation method of Hippodamia variegate |
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| CN105815614A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-08-03 | 北京市农林科学院 | Feed for raising Harmonia axyridis larvae |
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