CN101707990B - Artificial propagation method of Hippodamia variegate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for artificial propagation of ladybug polydactyla, comprising raising adults, raising and collecting eggs, raising larvae, raising and collecting pupae, and refrigerating products. Feed feeding; larvae are fed with aphids or artificial feed after the third instar, and can be completely fed with artificial feed after the fourth instar. The invention adopts the artificial feed to raise the polydactyla, which provides a guarantee for the artificial propagation of the polydact. The method for artificial propagation of ladybug polyheteroides of the present invention realizes and promotes its artificial propagation, commercial production, transportation and release application.

Description

The Artificial Propagation Method of Polydifferent Ladybug

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biological control of agricultural pests, and in particular relates to an artificial propagation method of ladybugs.

Background technique

With the rapid development of the agricultural industry, the "3R" phenomenon caused by the use of a large number of chemical pesticides and people's demand for green and organic food, biological pest control has received more and more attention, showing a wide range of application prospects. At present, developed countries in the West have taken the development of biological control technology as one of the important strategic decisions to alleviate the environmental crisis facing the world today.

Since 1888, the successful practice of the Australian ladybug in California to control the cotton scale has created a new era of biological control, a large number of natural enemies have been used and studied in biological control, and very significant results have been achieved in production. After more than 100 years of development, biological control has become a discipline with a relatively complete basic theoretical system and methodology, both in theory and in method. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the definition and scope of biological control have been continuously expanded, and the research field has gradually broadened and developed in depth. Today, the research and development of biological control in the world focuses on three major technical systems: 1. Traditional biological control; such as the introduction of natural enemies to control foreign pests, the enhancement and release of natural enemies; 2. The protection and utilization of local natural enemies; 3. Microorganisms Research, development and commercialization of pesticides.

In our country, the discipline of modern biological control began in the 1930s. During this period, about 10 articles on the study of host natural enemy insects were published, which became important documents of early bio-control in my country. In the 1950s, a variety of natural enemies such as Australian ladybug, Cryptidia monsonii, and sun bee were introduced from abroad. Since the 1960s, a large number of natural enemies such as the seven-spot ladybug, the flat-bellied wasp, the Trichogramma, and the golden wasp have been used to control pests, and good results have been achieved. Since the 1970s, research on industrial breeding of Trichogramma has been carried out, and investigations on the natural enemies of major pests have been carried out throughout the country, focusing on the protection and utilization of natural enemies. Since the 1980s, my country's bio-control technology has been included in the national research for the first time, and research on the use of various biological control technologies to prevent and control agricultural and forestry diseases, insect pests and weeds has been carried out rapidly, bringing my country's bio-control into a new stage of development.

Since the 1960s, the artificial breeding research of natural enemy insects has quietly risen. As in 1966, Atallah and Newson successfully formulated artificial feed for the first time in 1966. Racioppi JV et al. (1981) used semi- The synthesized artificial feed added with liver extract was used to feed Hippodamia convergens. The Insect Physiology Laboratory of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (1977) successfully raised Qixing Ladybugs (Coccinella septempunctata L.) and make them lay eggs, etc. However, so far, there are still many problems in the artificial breeding of natural enemy insects. In addition to being related to the condition control of artificial breeding insects, it is more related to the composition of artificial feed. Therefore, it is necessary to study artificial feed suitable for natural enemy insects. The key to large-scale biological control of natural enemies.

Adonia variegate (Goeze) belongs to the order Coleoptera, Codybugidae, Codybugidae, and the genus Polyisoria. It is distributed throughout Ningxia. It has a strong search ability for aphids and has a The reproductive and predation ability has a strong follow-up relationship with the occurrence of aphids in the field, and has a wide range of adaptability to the environment. It is the dominant natural enemy of aphids on various crops such as wolfberry, licorice, alfalfa, and sand melon in our region. If a large number of ladybugs can be artificially multiplied and used to control aphids in forests, orchards, farmland and greenhouses, it can greatly reduce the amount of pesticides, reduce pesticide residues and environmental pollution, and promote the development of pollution-free agriculture.

Contents of the invention

The present invention is based on the research on the biological characteristics of the polydactyla, and through a large number of experiments, an artificial reproduction production method of the polydactyla has been explored.

Concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:

A method for artificial propagation of ladybugs, comprising raising adults, raising and collecting eggs, raising larvae, raising and collecting pupae, and refrigerating products, characterized in that: the above-mentioned adults are fed with aphids or artificial feed; The larvae can be fed with aphids or artificial feed after the third instar, and can be completely fed with artificial feed after the fourth instar;

Described artificial feed composition is as follows,

Its water content is kept at 75%, pH=7, and the vitamins include 0.05-0.2 mg of _B1 , 0.5-2.5 mg of _B2 , 0.05-0.2 mg of _B6 , 0.005-0.25 mg of _B12 , and 0.5-2 mg of C , E 0.05 ~ 1 mg;

The homogenization of the pig liver refers to cutting the fresh pig liver into small pieces and stirring it into a homogenate with a food processor;

The rearing of the above-mentioned adults is:

At a temperature of 21-25°C, a relative humidity of 65-70%, and a light time of 12 hours a day, the insect cages are used to raise them. The insect cages are made of nylon mesh, with a size of 30cm×30cm×30cm. The stocking density is controlled at 300-500 heads per cage. When feeding with aphids, aphids can be fed together with a small amount of branches and leaves. The feeding amount is 60 head/time twice a day. When feeding with artificial feed, the feeding amount is twice a day, 1ml/1 Second-rate;

The rearing and collection of the above-mentioned eggs are as follows:

Egg raising conditions: the temperature is controlled at 20-25°C, and the relative humidity is controlled at 65-75%;

Adults start to lay eggs 2 to 5 days after eclosion. Place egg-laying traps in the insect cages, and spray spawn-laying liquids to make eggs concentrated and easy to collect. Collect polydactyly ladybug eggs in time. The collected eggs are made into egg cards, with 50-200 eggs per card, and refrigerated at 8-10°C. Every 7 days is a batch. The egg cards are taken out in batches, and the surface is sterilized for later use. ;

The rearing of the above-mentioned larvae is:

The eggs are hatched in an insect culture room with a temperature of 20-25°C, a relative humidity of 65-75%, and a sunshine time of 12 hours a day. At the same time, 10 aphids are fed for each first-instar ladybug until the third instar Combined with artificial feed for feeding, the fourth instar can completely use artificial feed instead of aphids to feed, and place some branches or paper strips in the insect rearing box to divide the space to prevent the larvae from killing each other.

The raising and collecting of above-mentioned pupa are:

The eclosion condition temperature of pupa is controlled at 18～25 ℃, and relative humidity is controlled at 65～75%;

When the ladybug larvae are in 3rd to 4th instar, put some pieces of paper or white gauze in the insect rearing box to lure them to pupate on it, collect the pupae every day, and make a pupa card, 20 pupae per card, store or continue to feather it;

The cold storage of the above products includes the cold storage of eggs, pupae and adults, among which

The refrigerated condition of the eggs is to collect the egg masses of polydactyly, place them in 9°C, and refrigerate under the conditions of 65-75% relative humidity.

The cold storage of the pupa is after the ladybug enters the middle pupal stage, it is placed in 9°C and refrigerated under the condition of relative humidity of 65-75%.

The cold storage of adults is to put the newly emerged adults at 21-25°C and raise them at a relative humidity of 65-75%. Refrigerate under refrigerated conditions, do not give supplementary nutrition during the refrigerated process, or supplement food every 15 days, feed with wolfberry aphids or artificial feed for 5 days, and then put them in a refrigerated environment, or at 15°C, 0L: 24D After 13 days of pretreatment, enter diapause and then refrigerate.

The present invention confirms the feeding conditions of each stage of the polydactylum through experiments, and adopts artificial feed for breeding for the first time, further reduces the cost, improves the reproduction quantity, and solves the problem of insufficient timely supply of the polydactyx food; and The research has determined the best storage conditions and storage period for eggs, pupae and adults, prolonging the storage time of adults to more than 90 days, and greatly improving the survival rate of storage, which can provide a large number of insects in a timely manner for the application of artificial propagation and field release. source; formed products in the form of egg cards and pupa cards, which are convenient for field release and popularization; realized high-quality, high-efficiency, large-scale reproduction of ladybugs for the control of aphids and other agricultural and forestry pests, to meet the needs of production. The research on the artificial propagation technology of the ladybug polyheteroides of the present invention is helpful to realize and promote its artificial propagation, commercial production, transportation and release application.

Detailed ways

1. Feed preparation for ladybugs

The diet of ladybugs consists of natural feed aphids and artificial formula feed.

(1) Breeding and collection of aphids

Raise aphids with host plants such as wolfberry, alfalfa, wheat, broad beans, etc., slightly vibrate the paper strips with aphids, collect the aphids in containers such as trays and buckets, or directly cut off the branches and leaves of the host plants with aphids.

(2) Preparation of artificial feed

The diet of ladybugs consists of natural feed aphids and artificial formula feed. Natural feed is aphids raised by host plants such as wolfberry, alfalfa, wheat, and broad beans. Artificial feed is a feed formula obtained by screening various substitutes such as pig liver, bee pupae, and fly maggots, as well as various added ingredients. This formula shows good palatability and comprehensive nutrition, and can basically satisfy many The growth and development needs of different lady beetles.

The nutrient composition and content of the artificial feed formula are shown in the table.

Remarks: Vitamins include B ₁ 0.22 mg, B ₂ 1.59 mg, B ₆ 0.25 mg, B ₁₂ 0.025 mg, C 1.57 mg, E 0.1 mg.

Cut the fresh pork liver into small pieces, stir it into a homogeneous slurry with a food processor, divide it into small portions, 5-10g each, wrap it in plastic wrap, and freeze it for later use. Before use, take out a small portion, mix it with other ingredients according to the mass ratio, keep the water content of the feed at 75%, and adjust the pH to 7 with KOH.

2. Reproduction process of ladybug

(1) Breeding process of adults

Adult feeding conditions: the temperature of the insect breeding room is controlled at 21-25°C, the relative humidity is controlled at 65-70%, and the light conditions are controlled at 12 hours per day. The insect cages are made of nylon mesh for ventilation and ventilation, the size is 30cm×30cm×30cm, and the breeding density is controlled at 300-500 per cage.

Every day at 8:00 and 16:00, put the natural feed aphids twice, put them together with the aphids and a small amount of branches and leaves into the breeding cage, and feed about 60 aphids per adult polydactyly, or prepare artificial Feed is sucked with a needle tube of 1ml, and is placed in the feeding tray, so that adults get food.

(2) Feeding and collection of eggs

Egg raising conditions: the temperature is controlled at 20-25°C, and the relative humidity is controlled at 65-75%.

Adults start to lay eggs 2 to 5 days after eclosion. Place egg-laying traps in the insect cages, and spray spawn-laying liquids to make eggs concentrated and easy to collect. Collect polydactyly ladybug eggs in time. The collected eggs are made into egg cards, and refrigerated at 8-10°C, every 7 days as a batch, the egg cards are taken out in batches, and the surface is sterilized for later use. Preparation of the egg card: The cardboard is made of hard paper over 100 pounds and cut into a size of 2cm×10cm.

(3) Raising process of larvae

The raising condition of insect culture room is controlled at 20～25 ℃, and relative humidity is controlled at 65-75%, and light condition is controlled at every day 12 hours. Ladybug eggs are placed in a bug box with a size of 30cm×30cm×10cm, the hatching of ladybugs is observed every day, and aphids are placed according to the number of ladybugs hatched, with 10 aphids for each first-instar ladybug. After the instar is fed with artificial feed, the fourth instar can be fed with artificial feed instead of aphids, and some branches or paper strips are placed in the insect box to divide the space to prevent mutual killing between larvae.

(4) Breeding Technology of Pupa

The eclosion condition temperature of pupa is controlled at 18～25 ℃, and relative humidity is controlled at 65～75%.

When the ladybug larvae are 3 to 4 instars, put some paper or white gauze in the insect box to lure them to pupate on it. Pupae were collected daily, made into pupa cards, stored or continued to eclosion. Preparation of chrysalis card: The cardboard is made of hard paper over 100 pounds, and cut into a size of 2cm×10cm.

3. Refrigeration process of products

(1) Refrigeration of eggs: collect the egg masses of the ladybug polydactyly, place them at 9° C. and a relative humidity of 65 to 75%, and the storage period can reach 10 to 20 days.

(2) Refrigeration of pupae: after the ladybug enters the middle pupae stage, place it at 9° C. and a relative humidity of 65 to 75%, and the eclosion rate after storage for 30 days remains above 80%.

(3) Refrigeration of adults: Put the newly emerged adults at 21-25°C and raise them at a relative humidity of 65-75%, with a male-to-female ratio of 3-5:1. Refrigerated at ~75% condition.

Directly refrigerated, without supplementing nutrition during the refrigerating process, the refrigerating period can reach 40 days;

Indirect cold storage: during the cold storage process, the food is supplemented every 15 days, fed with wolfberry aphids or artificial feed for 5 days, and then placed in a cold storage environment, the cold storage period can be extended to 90 days;

Refrigeration for diapause treatment: pretreatment at 15°C, 0L:24D for 13 days, then diapause and then refrigeration, the storage period can be extended to more than 90 days, and the survival rate is also significantly improved compared with the previous two treatments.

4. Preparation and packaging of egg cards and pupa cards for field application

Egg cards collected daily are made into egg cards, about 100 eggs per card; pupa cards collected daily are made into pupa cards, 20 pupae per card; egg cards, pupa cards or adults are packed into 20cm× 20cm×10cm cardboard box inner packaging and transportation.

Field implementation effect:

Implementation effect 1: Implementation location - the organic wolfberry cultivation area of the garden farm

Table 1 The control effect of field release of ladybug polyheterosa on Lycium barbarum aphid

When the ladybugs are released during the period of aphid damage, the control effect of releasing ladybugs within 6 days reaches more than 50%. The control effects of each plot within 12 days are 94.26%, 99.26%, 91.01%, 96.80% and 100%. The average control effect is 96.27%, the occurrence of wolfberry aphids has been effectively controlled within 12 days.

Implementation effect 2: Implementation location - Zhongning Lycium barbarum cultivation area

Table 2 The control effect of the field release of ladybug polyisoba on Lycium barbarum aphid

Ladybugs were released in the field to control aphids, and the rate of aphid decline and control effect increased with time. The control effect of ladybugs on aphids reached more than 50% on the third day, and the control effects of each plot within 12 days were 90.23%, 93.60%, 86.68%, 86.74% and 90.12%, and the average control effect was 89.47%.

Claims (7)

1. A method of artificial propagation of ladybugs, comprising raising of adults, raising and collecting of eggs, raising of larvae, raising and collecting of pupae, and refrigeration of products, characterized in that: above-mentioned adults adopt aphids or artificial feed Feeding; larvae are fed with aphids and artificial feed after the third instar, and are completely fed with artificial feed after the fourth instar; Described artificial feed composition is as follows,

Its water content is maintained at 75%, pH=7. 2. According to the artificial propagation method of ladybug polydica according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the homogenization of the pig liver refers to cutting the fresh pig liver into small pieces, and stirring it into a homogenate with a food processor. 3. according to the artificial propagation method of the ladybug polysimiliae claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the raising of above-mentioned adult is: At a temperature of 21-25°C, a relative humidity of 65-70%, and a light time of 12 hours a day, the insect cages were used to raise them. The insect cages were made of nylon mesh, with a size of 30cm×30cm×30cm. The stocking density was controlled at 300-500 heads per cage. When feeding with aphids, aphids can be fed together with a small amount of branches and leaves. The feeding amount is 60 head/time twice a day. When feeding with artificial feed, the feeding amount is twice a day, 1ml/1 Second-rate. 4. according to the artificial propagation method of the ladybug polydifferentia according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the raising and collecting of above-mentioned ovum are: Egg breeding conditions: temperature is controlled at 20-25°C, relative humidity is controlled at 65-75%; 2-5 days after adult eclosion begins to lay eggs, place egg-laying traps in insect cages, and spray spawn-laying traps Collect the liquid so that it can lay eggs in a centralized manner and collect them in time. The eggs collected every day are made into egg cards with 50-200 eggs per egg card, and they are refrigerated at 8-10°C , every 7 days is a batch, the egg cards are taken out in batches, and the surface is sterilized for later use. 5. according to the artificial propagation method of the ladybug polydifferentia according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the raising of above-mentioned larvae is: The eggs are hatched in an insect culture room with a temperature of 20-25°C, a relative humidity of 65-75%, and a sunshine time of 12 hours a day. At the same time, 10 aphids are fed for each first-instar ladybug until the third instar. Combined with artificial feed for feeding, the fourth instar can completely use artificial feed instead of aphids to feed, and place some branches or paper strips in the insect rearing box to divide the space to prevent the larvae from killing each other. 6. according to the artificial propagation method of the ladybug polydifferentia according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the raising of above-mentioned chrysalis and collection are: The eclosion condition temperature of pupa is controlled at 18～25 ℃, and relative humidity is controlled at 65～75%; When the ladybug larvae are in 3rd to 4th instar, put some pieces of paper or white gauze in the insect rearing box to lure them to pupate on it, collect the pupae every day, and make a pupa card, 20 pupae per card, store Or continue to feather it. 7. according to the artificial reproduction method of the ladybug polydifferentia according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the refrigeration of above-mentioned product comprises the refrigeration of ovum, the refrigeration of pupa and the refrigeration of adult, wherein The refrigerated condition of the eggs is to collect the eggs of ladybug polydiversa and store them at 9°C with a relative humidity of 65% to 75%. Refrigerate under the condition of ~75%, the refrigeration of adults is to put the newly emerged adults at 21-25°C and raise them under the condition of relative humidity 65-75%, the ratio of male to female is 3-5:1, and place them at 9°C after one week , refrigerated under the condition of relative humidity of 65-75%. During the refrigerated process, no supplementary nutrition was used, or food was supplemented every 15 days. ℃, 0L: 24D conditions, pretreatment for 13 days, enter diapause and then refrigerate.